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To stay ahead of their competitors in entertainment, game developers need to understand, estimate, and maximize player engagement. We address the multidimensional nature of engagement, encompassing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects across various gaming domains. We present a taxonomy of the diverse modalities for quantifying engagement, including physiological signals, observable behaviors, and gameplay data. We identify the challenges of conducting representative subjective studies in this domain and summarize various methods for establishing ground truth measurements. By synthesizing existing research, we provide insights into modeling techniques, highlight research gaps, and offer practical guidelines for implementing engagement measurement strategies. This review aims to aid researchers and industry professionals in navigating the complexities of player engagement estimation, ultimately contributing to enhanced game design, marketing, and user retention in the competitive gaming landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3722116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T12:04:03Z","timestamp":1741781043000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Review of Player Engagement Estimation in Video Games: Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Rashed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3973-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shervin","family":"Shirmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2190-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ihab","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Micro Devices Inc, Markham, Ontario, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3261-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Hefeeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Player Engagement Metrics\u2014larksuite.com. 2024. 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