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Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Socially Assistive Robots are studied in different child\u2013robot interaction settings. However, logistical constraints limit accessibility, particularly affecting timely support for mental wellbeing. In this work, we have investigated whether online interactions with a robot can be used for the assessment of mental wellbeing in children. The children (N = 40, 20 girls and 20 boys; 8\u201313 years) interacted with the Nao robot (30\u201345 mins) over three sessions, at least a week apart. Audio-visual recordings were collected throughout the sessions that concluded with the children answering user perception questionnaires pertaining to their anxiety toward the robot, and the robot\u2019s abilities. We divided the participants into three wellbeing clusters (low, med, and high tertiles) using their responses to the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) and further analyzed how their wellbeing and their perceptions of the robot changed over the wellbeing tertiles, across sessions and across participants\u2019 gender. Our primary findings suggest that (I) online-mediated interactions with robots can be effective in assessing children\u2019s mental wellbeing over time, and (II) children\u2019s overall perception of the robot either improved or remained consistent across time. Supplementary exploratory analyses have also revealed that the gender of the children affected their wellbeing assessments with interactions effectively distinguishing between varying levels of wellbeing for both boys and girls for the first session and only for boys during the second session. The analyses have also revealed that girls have a higher opinion of the robot as a confidante as compared with boys. Findings from this work affirm the potential of using online-mediated interactions with robots for the assessment of the mental wellbeing of children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3722123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T15:38:22Z","timestamp":1741880302000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Longitudinal Study of Child Wellbeing Assessment via Online Interactions with a Social Robot"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9399-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nida Itrat","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Laban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-880X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter B.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2407-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Gunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN57019.2023.10309486","volume-title":"2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)","author":"Abbasi Nida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nida Abbasi, Micol Spitale, Joanna Anderson, Tamsin Ford, Peter Jones, and Hatice Gunes. 2023. 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