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In Study 1, we created an initial version of MCRS, confirmed its content validity by experts, and explored its factor structure with 500 participants. We verified the three-factor structure derived in Study 1 by a confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 (n = 500). Study 2 also confirmed construct validity by authenticating correlations with other measures that were predicted to be theoretically relevant. Study 3 (n = 500) confirmed predictive validity using experimental vignette methodology. Specifically, MCRS positively influenced the willingness to engage in prosocial behavior toward a robot and better predicted it than other relevant scales. From the overall results, MCRS is demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3724130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T11:17:07Z","timestamp":1742815027000},"page":"1-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of Moral Concern for Robot Scale (MCRS)"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7812-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachie","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Sociological Studies, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan and  ATR, Kyoto, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9546-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan and ATR, Kyoto, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohki","family":"Arimitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan and ATR, Kyoto, Japan"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Daisuke Kikuchi. 2017. \u2018Strange\u2019 hotel run by robots opens near Tokyo; more to come. 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