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Simple retry-based fault tolerance might corrupt the shared state with duplicate updates. Existing solutions employ log-based fault tolerance to achieve exactly-once semantics, where every single read or write to the external state is associated with a log for deterministic replay. However, logging is not a free lunch, which introduces considerable overhead to stateful serverless applications.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            We present Halfmoon, a serverless runtime system for fault-tolerant stateful serverless computing. Our key insight is that it is unnecessary to symmetrically log\n            <jats:italic>both<\/jats:italic>\n            reads and writes. Instead, it suffices to log\n            <jats:italic>either<\/jats:italic>\n            reads\n            <jats:italic>or<\/jats:italic>\n            writes, i.e., asymmetrically. We design two logging protocols that enforce exactly-once semantics while providing log-free reads and writes, which are suitable for read- and write-intensive workloads, respectively. We theoretically prove that the two protocols are\n            <jats:italic>log-optimal<\/jats:italic>\n            , i.e., no other protocols can achieve lower logging overhead than our protocols. We provide a criterion for choosing the right protocol for a given workload, and a pauseless switching mechanism to switch protocols for dynamic workloads. We implement a prototype of Halfmoon. Experiments show that Halfmoon achieves 20%\u201340% lower latency and 1.5\u20134.0\u00d7 lower logging overhead than the state-of-the-art solution Boki.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3725985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T09:55:44Z","timestamp":1743155744000},"page":"1-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficient Fault Tolerance for Stateful Serverless Computing with Asymmetric Logging"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4693-9156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0012-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7908-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanzhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"2023. 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