{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:21:29Z","timestamp":1776100889169,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":108,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3726986.3727021","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:13:01Z","timestamp":1759158781000},"page":"368-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Not Too Long, Not Too Short: Goldilocks Principle of \u2018Optimal\u2019 Reflection Time on Online Deliberation Platforms"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8067-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ShunYi","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3105-9350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Tangi","family":"Perrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlos Al\u00f3s-Ferrer and Johannes Buckenmaier. 2021. Cognitive sophistication and deliberation times. Experimental Economics 24 2 (2021) 558\u2013592.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-020-09672-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross\u00a0C Anderson Meg Guerreiro and Joanna Smith. 2016. Are all biases bad? Collaborative grounded theory in developmental evaluation of education policy. Journal of Multidisciplinary Evaluation 12 27 (2016) 44\u201357.","DOI":"10.56645\/jmde.v12i27.449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108227643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albert Bandura. 1982. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American psychologist 37 2 (1982) 122.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066X.37.2.122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Complete works of Aristotle, volume 1: The revised Oxford translation","author":"Barnes Jonathan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jonathan Barnes. 1984. Complete works of Aristotle, volume 1: The revised Oxford translation. Vol.\u00a01. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume 2: The Revised Oxford Translation","author":"Barnes Jonathan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jonathan Barnes (Ed.). 1984. Complete Works of Aristotle, Volume 2: The Revised Oxford Translation. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"John\u00a0Carlo Bertot Paul\u00a0T. Jaeger Sean Munson and Tom Glaisyer. 2010. Social Media Technology and Government Transparency. Computer 43 11 (2010) 53\u201359. 10.1109\/MC.2010.325","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2010.325"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-34132-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"George\u00a0F. Bishop Robert\u00a0W. Oldendick Alfred\u00a0J. Tuchfarber and Stephen\u00a0E. Bennett. 1980. Pseudo-opinions on public affairs. Public Opinion Quarterly 44 (1980) 198\u2013209. 10.1086\/268584","DOI":"10.1086\/268584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Public deliberation: Pluralism, complexity, and democracy","author":"Bohman James","year":"2000","unstructured":"James Bohman. 2000. Public deliberation: Pluralism, complexity, and democracy. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Kaya Cahit. 2015. Internal validity: A must in research designs. Educational Research and Reviews 10 2 (2015) 111\u2013118."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research","author":"Campbell Donald\u00a0T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donald\u00a0T Campbell and Julian\u00a0C Stanley. 2015. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Ravenio books."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0N Cappella Vincent Price and Lilach Nir. 2002. Argument repertoire as a reliable and valid measure of opinion quality: Electronic dialogue during campaign 2000. Political Communication 19 1 (2002) 73\u201393.","DOI":"10.1080\/105846002317246498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorwin Cartwright. 1941. Relation of decision-time to the categories of response. The American Journal of Psychology 54 2 (1941) 174\u2013196.","DOI":"10.2307\/1416790"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel Cervone and Philip\u00a0K Peake. 1986. Anchoring efficacy and action: The influence of judgmental heuristics on self-efficacy judgments and behavior. Journal of Personality and social Psychology 50 3 (1986) 492.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.50.3.492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simone Chambers. 2003. Deliberative democratic theory. Annual review of political science 6 1 (2003) 307\u2013326.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz Kathy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kathy Charmaz. 2014. Constructing grounded theory. sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"ACM SIGCHI Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning","author":"Chen Nan-chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nan-chen Chen, Rafal Kocielnik, Margaret Drouhard, Vanessa Pe\u00f1a-Araya, Jina Suh, Keting Cen, Xiangyi Zheng, and Cecilia\u00a0R Aragon. 2016. Challenges of applying machine learning to qualitative coding. In ACM SIGCHI Workshop on Human-Centered Machine Learning."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","volume-title":"Debates in Political Philosophy","author":"Christiano Thomas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomas Christiano and John Christman. 2009. Debates in Political Philosophy. Wiley Online Library."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","volume-title":"Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings","author":"Cook Thomas\u00a0D","year":"1979","unstructured":"Thomas\u00a0D Cook, Donald\u00a0Thomas Campbell, and Arles Day. 1979. Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings. Vol.\u00a0351. Houghton Mifflin Boston."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory","author":"Corbin Juliet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2014. Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Todd Davies and Reid Chandler. 2013. Online deliberation design: Choices criteria and evidence. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1302.5177 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"Online Deliberation: Design, Research, and Practice","author":"Davies Todd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Todd Davies and Seeta\u00a0Pe\u00c3\u00b1a Gangadharan. 2009. Online Deliberation: Design, Research, and Practice. CSLI Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert Dawson. 2011. How significant is a boxplot outlier? Journal of Statistics Education 19 2 (2011).","DOI":"10.1080\/10691898.2011.11889610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rianne Dekker and Victor Bekkers. 2015. The contingency of governments\u2019 responsiveness to the virtual public sphere: A systematic literature review and meta-synthesis. Government Information Quarterly 32 4 (2015) 496\u2013505. 10.1016\/j.giq.2015.09.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/019925043X.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0A Emmons and Ed Diener. 1986. Influence of impulsivity and sociability on subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and social psychology 50 6 (1986) 1211.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.50.6.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas Erickson and Wendy\u00a0A Kellogg. 2000. Social translucence: an approach to designing systems that support social processes. ACM transactions on computer-human interaction (TOCHI) 7 1 (2000) 59\u201383.","DOI":"10.1145\/344949.345004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cynthia\u00a0R. Farina Dmitry Epstein Josiah Heidt and Mary\u00a0J. Newhart. 2014. Designing an Online Civic Engagement Platform: Balancing \"More\" vs. \"Better\" Participation in Complex Public Policymaking. Int. J. E-Polit. 5 1 (jan 2014) 16\u00e2\u20ac\u201c40. 10.4018\/ijep.2014010102","DOI":"10.4018\/ijep.2014010102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cynthia\u00a0R Farina Mary Newhart and Josiah Heidt. 2012. Rulemaking vs. democracy: Judging and nudging public participation that counts. Mich. J. Envtl. & Admin. L. 2 (2012) 123.","DOI":"10.36640\/mjeal.2.1.rulemaking"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James\u00a0D Fearon. 1998. Deliberation as. Deliberative democracy 1 (1998) 44.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139175005.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leon Festinger. 1954. A theory of social comparison processes. Human relations 7 2 (1954) 117\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1952222.1952269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0L Fleiss John\u00a0C Nee and J\u00a0Richard Landis. 1979. Large sample variance of kappa in the case of different sets of raters. Psychological bulletin 86 5 (1979) 974.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-2909.86.5.974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dennis Friess and Christiane Eilders. 2015. A systematic review of online deliberation research. Policy & Internet 7 3 (2015) 319\u2013339.","DOI":"10.1002\/poi3.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jie Gao Kenny Tsu\u00a0Wei Choo Junming Cao Roy Ka-Wei Lee and Simon Perrault. 2023. CoAIcoder: Examining the Effectiveness of AI-assisted Human-to-Human Collaboration in Qualitative Analysis. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (2023).","DOI":"10.1145\/3617362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"John Gastil Robert Richards and Katherine Knobloch. 2014. Vicarious Deliberation: How the Oregon Citizens\u2019 Initiative Review Influenced Deliberation in Mass Elections. International Journal of Communication 8 0 (2014). https:\/\/ijoc.org\/index.php\/ijoc\/article\/view\/2235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0E. Goodin. 2000. Democratic Deliberation within. Philosophy & Public Affairs 29 1 (2000) 81\u2013109. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2672865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1088-4963.2000.00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0E. Goodin and Simon\u00a0J. Niemeyer. 2003. When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy. Political Studies 51 4 (2003) 627\u2013649. 10.1111\/j.0032-3217.2003.00450.x arXiv:10.1111\/j.0032-3217.2003.00450.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0032-3217.2003.00450.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971754"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todd Graham and Tamara Witschge. 2003. In search of online deliberation: Towards a new method for examining the quality of online discussions. (2003).","DOI":"10.1515\/comm.2003.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","volume-title":"The theory of communicative action","author":"Habermas J\u00fcrgen","year":"1984","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgen Habermas. 1984. The theory of communicative action. Beacon Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"May Hamblin and Philippe Crisp. 2022. Negative Focus Self-Doubt and Issues of \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcTool Proficiency\u00e2\u20ac\u2122: Beginner-Coaches\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 Reflections on Reflective Practice. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research (2022).","DOI":"10.2478\/pcssr-2022-0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelle\u00a0Guldborg Hansen and Andreas\u00a0Maal\u00f8e Jespersen. 2013. Nudge and the manipulation of choice: A framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy. European Journal of Risk Regulation 4 1 (2013) 3\u201328.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1867299X00002762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2556978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verlin\u00a0B Hinsz Lynn\u00a0R Kalnbach and Nichole\u00a0R Lorentz. 1997. Using judgmental anchors to establish challenging self-set goals without jeopardizing commitment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 71 3 (1997) 287\u2013308.","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1997.2723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel\u00a0J Hruschka Deborah Schwartz Daphne\u00a0Cobb St.\u00a0John Erin Picone-Decaro Richard\u00a0A Jenkins and James\u00a0W Carey. 2004. Reliability in coding open-ended data: Lessons learned from HIV behavioral research. Field methods 16 3 (2004) 307\u2013331.","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X04266540"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226389899.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sirkka\u00a0L Jarvenpaa and Ann Majchrzak. 2010. Research commentary\u00e2\u20ac\u201dVigilant interaction in knowledge collaboration: Challenges of online user participation under ambivalence. Information Systems Research 21 4 (2010) 773\u2013784.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1100.0320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"Adam\u00a0N Joinson. 2003. Understanding the psychology of Internet behaviour: Virtual worlds real lives. Revista iberoamericana de educaci\u00f3n a distancia 6 2 (2003) 190."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369425-6\/50023-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446218891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyunwoo Kim Haesoo Kim Kyung\u00a0Je Jo and Juho Kim. 2021. StarryThoughts: Facilitating Diverse Opinion Exploration on Social Issues. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW1 (2021) 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1145\/3449140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Richard Landis and Gary\u00a0G. Koch. 1977. The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data. Biometrics 33 1 (1977) 159\u2013174. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2529310","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noam Lapidot-Lefler and Azy Barak. 2012. Effects of anonymity invisibility and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition. Computers in human behavior 28 2 (2012) 434\u2013443.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518962"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanja Lischetzke and Michael Eid. 2003. Is attention to feelings beneficial or detrimental to affective well-being? Mood regulation as a moderator variable. Emotion 3 4 (2003) 361.","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.3.4.361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathleen\u00a0M MacQueen Eleanor McLellan Kelly Kay and Bobby Milstein. 1998. Codebook development for team-based qualitative analysis. Cam Journal 10 2 (1998) 31\u201336.","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X980100020301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard Manin. 2011. Comment promouvoir la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration d\u00e9mocratique? Priorit\u00e9 du d\u00e9bat contradictoire sur la discussion. Raisons politiques 42 02 (2011) 83\u2013113.","DOI":"10.3917\/rai.042.0083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203822296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brent Moritz Enno Siemsen and Mirko Kremer. 2014. Judgmental forecasting: Cognitive reflection and decision speed. Production and Operations Management 23 7 (2014) 1146\u20131160.","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janice\u00a0M Morse. 1997. \" Perfectly healthy but dead\": the myth of inter-rater reliability. 445\u2013447\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1177\/104973239700700401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0S Moyer and Richard\u00a0H Bayer. 1976. Mental comparison and the symbolic distance effect. Cognitive Psychology 8 2 (1976) 228\u2013246.","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90025-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lala Muradova. 2021. Seeing the other side? Perspective-taking and reflective political judgements in interpersonal deliberation. Political Studies 69 3 (2021) 644\u2013664.","DOI":"10.1177\/0032321720916605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","volume-title":"The Paradox of Mass Politics: Knowledge and Opinion in the American Electorate","author":"Neuman W.\u00a0Russell","year":"1986","unstructured":"W.\u00a0Russell Neuman. 1986. The Paradox of Mass Politics: Knowledge and Opinion in the American Electorate. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geoff Norman. 2010. Likert scales levels of measurement and the \u201claws\u201d of statistics. Advances in health sciences education 15 5 (2010) 625\u2013632.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-010-9222-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincent Price Joseph\u00a0N Cappella and Lilach Nir. 2002. Does disagreement contribute to more deliberative opinion? Political communication 19 1 (2002) 95\u2013112.","DOI":"10.1080\/105846002317246506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ninth international symposium on tools and methods of competitive engineering","author":"Rendon-Velez Elizabeth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elizabeth Rendon-Velez, Imre Horv\u00e1th, and W Van\u00a0der Vegte. 2012. A pilot study to investigate time pressure as a surrogate of being in haste. In Proceedings of the ninth international symposium on tools and methods of competitive engineering. 393\u2013406."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00a0Andrew\u00a0R Richards and Michael\u00a0A Hemphill. 2018. A practical guide to collaborative qualitative data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical education 37 2 (2018) 225\u2013231.","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.2017-0084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374176-9.00004-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jorge Saldivar Cristhian Parra Marcelo Alcaraz Rebeca Arteta and Luca Cernuzzi. 2019. Civic technology for social innovation: A systematic literature review. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 28 (2019) 169\u2013207.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-018-9311-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","volume-title":"The Theory of Democracy Revisited","author":"Sartori Giovanni","year":"1987","unstructured":"Giovanni Sartori. 1987. The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Steven Bridges Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neil\u00a0C Schwertman Margaret\u00a0Ann Owens and Robiah Adnan. 2004. A simple more general boxplot method for identifying outliers. Computational statistics & data analysis 47 1 (2004) 165\u2013174.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2003.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marion\u00a0K Slack and Jolaine\u00a0R Draugalis\u00a0Jr. 2001. Establishing the internal and external validity of experimental studies. American journal of health-system pharmacy 58 22 (2001) 2173\u20132181.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/58.22.2173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","unstructured":"Alexandru Spatariu Kendall Hartley and Lisa\u00a0D. Bendixen. 2004. Defining and Measuring Quality in Online Discussions. Journal of Interactive Online Learning 2 4 (2004). https:\/\/www.ncolr.org\/issues\/jiol\/v2\/n4\/defining-and-measuring-quality-in-online-discussions.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco\u00a0R Steenbergen Andr\u00e9 B\u00e4chtiger Markus Sp\u00f6rndli and J\u00fcrg Steiner. 2003. Measuring political deliberation: A discourse quality index. Comparative European Politics 1 (2003) 21\u201348.","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.cep.6110002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennifer Stromer-Galley. 2007. Measuring deliberation\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s content: A coding scheme. Journal of Deliberative Democracy 3 1 (2007).","DOI":"10.16997\/jdd.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John Suler. 2004. The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior 7 3 (2004) 321\u2013326.","DOI":"10.1089\/1094931041291295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fred\u00a0S Switzer\u00a0III and Janet\u00a0A Sniezek. 1991. Judgment processes in motivation: Anchoring and adjustment effects on judgment and behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 49 2 (1991) 208\u2013229.","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90049-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pamela Takayoshi. 2015. Short-form writing: Studying process in the context of contemporary composing technologies. Computers and Composition 37 (2015) 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compcom.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","unstructured":"Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. 2008. Nudge: The gentle power of choice architecture. New Haven Conn.: Yale (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_95_2","volume-title":"Leviathan","author":"Thomas Hobbes","year":"1946","unstructured":"Hobbes Thomas. 1946. Leviathan. London: Basil Blackwell."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_96_2","unstructured":"Matthias Tr\u00c3\u00a9nel. 2004. Measuring the quality of online deliberation. Coding scheme 2.0.Retrieved December 1 2023 from http:\/\/www.wz-berlin.de\/\u00a0trenel\/tools\/qod_2_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natalia Umansky and Christian Pipal. 2023. Dances Duets and Debates: Analysing political communication and viewer engagement on TikTok. OSF Preprints. September 21 (2023).","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/g8dbu"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birgit\u00a0J Voggeser Ranjit\u00a0K Singh and Anja\u00a0S G\u00f6ritz. 2018. Self-control in online discussions: Disinhibited online behavior as a failure to recognize social cues. Frontiers in psychology 8 (2018) 316647.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2078827.2078841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702613.2727687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_103_2","unstructured":"Amy\u00a0X Zhang Michael\u00a0S Bernstein David\u00a0R Karger and Mark\u00a0S Ackerman. 2024. Form-From: A Design Space of Social Media Systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2402.05388 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cevin Zhang Hemingxi Zheng and Qing Wang. 2022. Driving factors and moderating effects behind citizen engagement with mobile short-form videos. IEEE Access 10 (2022) 40999\u201341009.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_105_2","unstructured":"Weiyu Zhang. 2005. Are online discussions deliberate? A case study of a Chinese online discussion board. Tr\u00edpodos 1 1 (2005) 119\u2013134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiyu Zhang Xiaoxia Cao and Minh\u00a0Ngoc Tran. 2013. The structural features and the deliberative quality of online discussions. Telematics and informatics 30 2 (2013) 74\u201386.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2012.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiyu Zhang and Leanne Chang. 2014. Perceived speech conditions and disagreement of everyday talk: A proceduralist perspective of citizen deliberation. Communication Theory 24 2 (2014) 124\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1111\/comt.12034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053122"}],"event":{"name":"OzCHI '24: 36th Australasian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction","location":"Meanjin | Brisbane Australia","acronym":"OzCHI '24"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 36th Australasian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3726986.3727021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T16:30:49Z","timestamp":1759163449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3726986.3727021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3726986.3727021","10.1145\/3726986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3726986.3727021","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}