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In this article, we present a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework to comprehensively analyze existing research on robust FL. Through a rigorous selection process using six key databases (ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science, and Scopus), we identify and categorize 244 studies into eight themes of ensuring robustness in FL: objective regularization, optimizer modification, differential privacy employment, additional dataset requirement and decentralization orchestration, manifold, client selection, new aggregation algorithms, and aggregation hyperparameter tuning. We synthesize the findings from these themes, highlighting the various approaches and their potential gaps proposed to enhance the robustness of FL models. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions, focusing on the potential of hybrid approaches, ensemble techniques, and adaptive mechanisms for addressing the challenges associated with robust FL. This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in robust FL but also serves as a roadmap for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance the field and develop more robust and resilient FL systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3727643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T12:07:39Z","timestamp":1743422859000},"page":"1-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A Systematic Literature Review of Robust Federated Learning: Issues, Solutions, and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Palash","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3545-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4302-8516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmudul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5870-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University, Burwood, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longxiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-021-00419-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2019.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA230257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16452-1_64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC45663.2020.9120713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2979149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Davide Anguita Alessandro Ghio Luca Oneto Xavier Parra and Jorge Luis Reyes-Ortiz. 2013. 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