{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:33:28Z","timestamp":1791995608865,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U21B2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21B2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62461160310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62461160310"]}]},{"name":"Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62431011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62431011"]}]},{"name":"PCL-CMCC Foundation for Science and Innovation","award":["2024ZY1C0040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZY1C0040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (PCC) frameworks are typically designed to code the geometric coordinates first, followed by compressing the attributes (e.g., colors, reflectances) according to the order derived from geometric structures, such as the Morton codes. Although geometry-based reordering methods can eliminate the redundancy of attributes, the errors caused by dramatic variations of attributes in the non-smooth areas potentially limit the efficiency of the point cloud attribute coding. To tackle this challenge, a novel joint structure-texture scan-order and coding scheme is proposed, which aims to explore a better attribute coding order from the viewpoint of improving the geometry-attribute consistency. Specifically, we formulate the attribute reordering problem as a geometry-attribute alignment task, and utilize the affine-transform model to find the optimal correspondence between geometry and attribute information by minimizing attributed prediction residuals. Then, the Morton codes-based point cloud reordering is conducted on the transformed point cloud. Note that our residual-based mode decision scheme implicitly embodies that the proposed reordering method further incorporates attribute textures based on the geometric structure. However, the exhaustive search for the optimal transformation space introduces the extremely high complexity to the encoder. Therefore, we also propose a fast pruning algorithm to narrow the search space for the approximate solution as an alternative. Experimental results conducted on the various benchmark datasets have illustrated that our proposed method outperforms the MPEG standard G-PCC with gains of up to 2%, 9%, and 7% in luma, chroma, and reflectance, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3729232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T11:37:42Z","timestamp":1744371462000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Joint Structure-Texture Scan-Order for Point Cloud Attribute Compression Using Affine Transformation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-1639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7517-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoke","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7665-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanshe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2731-5403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913491297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"2066","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP)","author":"Zhang Cha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cha Zhang, Dinei Flor\u00eancio, and Charles Loops. 2014. Point cloud attribute compression with graph transform. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2066\u20132070."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Use Cases for Point Cloud Compression (PCC)","author":"Tulvan Christian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christian Tulvan, Rufael Mekuria, Zhu Li, and S\u00e9bastien Lasserre. 2016. Use Cases for Point Cloud Compression (PCC). Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG output document N16331, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","author":"Ma Chuang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chuang Ma, Yiting Shao, Jing Wang, Ge Li, and Shan Liu. 2020. CE13.34 Report on Filter Based Attribute Prediction Scheme. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m54951, Online.","journal-title":"CE13.34 Report on Filter Based Attribute Prediction Scheme"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"PCC Cat3 Test Sequences from BlackBerry \\(\\mid\\)  QNX","author":"Flynn David","year":"2018","unstructured":"David Flynn, S\u00e9bastien Lasserre, and Ga\u00eblle Martin-Cocher. 2018. PCC Cat3 Test Sequences from BlackBerry \\(\\mid\\) QNX. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m23647, Ljubljana."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2012.2221191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","article-title":"Calculation of average PSNR difference between RD-curves","author":"Bj\u00f8ntegaard Gisle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gisle Bj\u00f8ntegaard. 2001. Calculation of average PSNR difference between RD-curves. In 13th ITU-T Video Experts Group (VCEG) Meeting Document VCEG-M33.","journal-title":"13th ITU-T Video Experts Group (VCEG) Meeting Document VCEG-M33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2019.2931425"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3069838","article-title":"A hybrid compression framework for color attributes of static 3D point clouds","volume":"32","author":"Liu Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao Liu, Hui Yuan, Qi Liu, Junhui Hou, Huanqiang Zeng, and Sam Kwon. 2021. A hybrid compression framework for color attributes of static 3D point clouds. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 32, 3 (Mar. 2021), 1564\u20131577.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP)","author":"Wei Honglian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Honglian Wei, Yiting Shao, Jing Wang, Shan Liu, and Ge Li. 2019. Enhanced intra prediction scheme in point cloud attribute compression. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"8436","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process","author":"Huang Ruishan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ruishan Huang, Pengpeng Yu, Shaolin Liao, and Fan Liang. 2024. Efficient point cloud attribute compression using rich parallelizable context model. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., 8436\u20138440."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"On Improvement for Adaptive Reflectance Predictor Selection","author":"Hur Hyejung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hyejung Hur and Sejin Oh. 2019. On Improvement for Adaptive Reflectance Predictor Selection. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m50765, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3186532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo (ICME)","volume":"1","author":"Peng Jingliang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jingliang Peng and C.-C. Jay Kuo. 2004. Progressive geometry encoder using octree-based space partitioning. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo (ICME), Vol. 1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"PCC Test Model Category 3 v0.","author":"Mammou Khaled","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khaled Mammou. 2017. PCC Test Model Category 3 v0. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG output document N17249, Macau."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Proposal for Improved Lossy Compression in TMC1","author":"Mammou Khaled","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khaled Mammou, Alexis Tourapis, Jungsun Kim, Fabrice Robinet, Valery Valentin, and Yeping Su. 2018. Proposal for Improved Lossy Compression in TMC1. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m42640, San Diego."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2931621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3145513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP)","author":"Wang Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Wang, Jian Sun, Hui Yuan, Raouf Hamzaoui, and Xiaohui Wang. 2021. Kalman filter-based prediction refinement and quality enhancement for geometry-based point cloud compression. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","volume-title":"8i Voxelized Surface Light Field (8iVSLF) Dataset","author":"Krivoku\u0107a Maja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maja Krivoku\u0107a, Philip A. Chou, and Patrick Savill. 2018. 8i Voxelized Surface Light Field (8iVSLF) Dataset. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m42914, Ljubljana."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","volume-title":"Common Test Conditions for G-PCC","author":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group. 2022. Common Test Conditions for G-PCC. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 7 MPEG output document N00368, Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"G-PCC Test Model v19","author":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group. 2022. G-PCC Test Model v19. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 7 MPEG output document N00360, Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group. 2022. TMC13 Software Repository. Retrieved from http:\/\/mpegx.int-evry.fr\/software\/MPEG\/PCC\/CE\/mpeg-pcc-tmc13\/-\/tree\/release-v19.0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"V-PCC Test Model v19","author":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"MPEG 3D Graphics and Haptics Coding Group. 2022. V-PCC Test Model v19. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 7 MPEG output document N00361, Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Call for Proposals for Point Cloud Coding V2","author":"MPEG 3D Graphics Coding Group","year":"2017","unstructured":"MPEG 3D Graphics Coding Group. 2017. Call for Proposals for Point Cloud Coding V2. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG output document N16763, Hobart."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"Text of ISO\/IEC FDIS 23090-9 Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression","author":"MPEG 3D Graphics Coding Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"MPEG 3D Graphics Coding Group. 2022. Text of ISO\/IEC FDIS 23090-9 Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG output document N19617, Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","volume-title":"Report on Triangle Soup Decoding","author":"Nakagami Ohji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohji Nakagami. 2020. Report on Triangle Soup Decoding. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m52279, Brussels."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process","author":"Pinheiro Rodrigo B.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodrigo B. Pinheiro, Jean-Eudes Marvie, Giuseppe Valenzise, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dufaux. 2023. NF-PCAC: Normalizing flow based point cloud attribute compression. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3023294","article-title":"Model-based joint bit allocation between geometry and color for video-based 3D point cloud compression","volume":"23","author":"Liu Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi Liu, Hui Yuan, Junhui Hou, Raouf Hamzaoui, and Honglei Su. 2020. Model-based joint bit allocation between geometry and color for video-based 3D point cloud compression. IEEE Trans. on Multimedia 23 (Sep. 2020), 3278\u20133291.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Multimedia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"CE13.20 Report on Neighbor\u2019s Weight Modification on Lifting and Predicting Scheme","author":"Zhang Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi Zhang, Yiting Shao, Jing Wang, Ge Li, and Shan Liu. 2019. CE13.20 Report on Neighbor\u2019s Weight Modification on Lifting and Predicting Scheme. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m50773, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lossless point cloud attribute compression with normal-based intra prediction","author":"Yin Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian Yin, Qingshan Ren, Lili Zhao, Wenyi Wang, and Jianwen Chen. 2021. Lossless point cloud attribute compression with normal-based intra prediction. In IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Syst. Broadcast. (BMSB), 1\u20135.","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Symp. Broadband Multimedia Syst. Broadcast. (BMSB)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2575005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"1374","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP)","author":"Cohen Robert A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robert A. Cohen, Dong Tian, and Anthony Vetro. 2016. Attribute compression for sparse point clouds using graph transforms. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. (ICIP). IEEE Computer Society, 1374\u20131378."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2016.2543039"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2018.2885981","article-title":"Emerging MPEG standards for point cloud compression","volume":"9","author":"Schwarz Sebastian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sebastian Schwarz, Marius Preda, Vittorio Baroncini, Madhukar Budagavi, Pablo Cesar, Philip A. Chou, Robert A. Cohen, Maja Krivoku\u0107a, S\u00e9bastien Lasserre, Zhu Li, et al. 2018. Emerging MPEG standards for point cloud compression. IEEE J. Emerg. Select. Topics Circ. Syst. 9, 1 (2018), 133\u2013148.","journal-title":"IEEE J. Emerg. Select. Topics Circ. Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"Bilateral Filtering for Predictive Transform in G-PCC","author":"Yea Sehoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sehoon Yea, Arash Vosoughi, and Shan Liu. 2019. Bilateral Filtering for Predictive Transform in G-PCC. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m46365, Marrakech."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3086711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. Picture Coding Symp. (PCS","author":"Zhang Sujun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sujun Zhang, Wei Zhang, Fuzheng Yang, and Junyan Huo. 2019. A 3D Haar wavelet transform for point could attribute compression based on local surface analysis. In Proc. Picture Coding Symp. (PCS), 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.815165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"PCC Adaptive Predictor Selection for Attributes Coding in TMC13 Related to CE13.3","author":"Sugio Toshiyasu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toshiyasu Sugio and Chi Wang. 2018. PCC Adaptive Predictor Selection for Attributes Coding in TMC13 Related to CE13.3. Technical Report. ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 MPEG input document m43665, Ljubljana."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Sparse tensor-based point cloud attribute compression","author":"Wang Jianqiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jianqiang Wang and Zhan Ma. 2022. Sparse tensor-based point cloud attribute compression. In Int. Conf. Multimed. Inf. Process. Retr. (MIPR), 59\u201364.","journal-title":"Int. Conf. Multimed. Inf. Process. Retr. (MIPR)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3101807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3026046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"1753","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. (ICASSP)","author":"Xu Yiqun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yiqun Xu, Wei Hu, Shanshe Wang, Xinfeng Zhang, Shiqi Wang, Siwei Ma, and Wen Gao. 2018. Cluster-based point cloud coding with normal weighted graph Fourier transform. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. (ICASSP). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 1753\u20131757."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3015901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP","author":"Shao Yiting","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yiting Shao, Zhaobin Zhang, Zhu Li, Kui Fan, and Ge Li. 2017. Attribute compression of 3D point clouds using Laplacian sparsity optimized graph transform. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP), 10\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP)","author":"Chen Yueru","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yueru Chen, Yiting Shao, Jing Wang, Ge Li, and C.-C. Jay Kuo. 2020. Point cloud attribute compression via successive subspace graph transform. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Visual Commun. Image Process. (VCIP), 66\u201369."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2012.24"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3729232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:46:18Z","timestamp":1751366778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3729232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3729232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3729232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1551-6857","type":"print"},{"value":"1551-6865","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}