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Model. Comput. Simul."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In high-performance computing (HPC), modern supercomputers typically provide exclusive computing resources to user applications. Nevertheless, the interconnect network is a shared resource for both inter-node communication and across-node I\/O access, among co-running workloads, leading to inevitable network interference. In this study, we develop MFNetSim, a multi-fidelity modeling framework that enables simulation of multi-traffic simultaneously over the interconnect network, including inter-process communication and I\/O traffic. By combining different levels of abstraction, MFNetSim can efficiently co-model the communication and I\/O traffic occurring on HPC systems equipped with flash-based storage. We conduct simulation studies of hybrid workloads composed of traditional HPC applications and emerging ML applications on a 1,056-node Dragonfly system with various configurations. 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