{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T12:40:06Z","timestamp":1755866406223,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2024YFB4504400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB4504400"]}]},{"name":"FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Collaborative Innovation Platform","award":["3502ZCQXT2021003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502ZCQXT2021003"]}]},{"name":"the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City","award":["SKL-IoTSC (UM)-2021-2023\/ORP\/GA06\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-IoTSC (UM)-2021-2023\/ORP\/GA06\/2022"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR","award":["0047\/2022\/A1, 001\/2024\/SKL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0047\/2022\/A1, 001\/2024\/SKL"]}]},{"name":"Jiangyin Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone under the Taihu Innovation Scheme","award":["EF2025-00003-SKL-IOTSC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EF2025-00003-SKL-IOTSC"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSF of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61802325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Development Zone (also known as the Optics Valley of China, or OVC) National Comprehensive Experimental Base for Governance of Intelligent Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban villages are a unique phenomenon in the downtown segments of major cities in developing countries. Most of them are heavily populated, intensely constructed, and lack infrastructure, bringing potential safety risks to their residents. Therefore, diagnosing which risk factors in urban villages contribute to the increased risk incidence is crucial for urban authorities to better renovate and manage these areas. However, traditional approaches, such as fire and traffic investigations, are labor-intensive and time-consuming, making it challenging to diagnose risks timely. To address this problem, we propose a data-driven framework that leverages heterogeneous urban data to diagnose urban village safety risks through risk-level prediction and risk factor analysis. First, we propose a crowdsensing-based approach to discover urban village potential risk hotspots and then collect contextual data from multiple sources to represent them comprehensively. Second, we propose a multi-modal representation paradigm of urban village potential risk hotspots in a multi-view manner that utilizes pre-trained models for feature extraction to effectively retain information about risk events. Finally, we design an explainable risk diagnosing model that not only predicts the risk level but also automatically highlights salient features (e.g., overcrowded restaurants for high fire risk level). Experiments using real-world data collected from 125 urban villages in Xiamen show that our approach predicts the fire risk level and the traffic risk level with 89.9% and 89.4% accuracy, respectively. Moreover, relevant risk factors in urban villages can be automatically identified for in-depth analysis by our approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3729477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:21:56Z","timestamp":1750281716000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["UVX-ray: Urban Village Safety Risk Diagnosis Leveraging Multi-Source Urban Data"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6736-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guofeng","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8682-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxiang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0363-8904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7422-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8089-4111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9885-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuohan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-9382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenhui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dingqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6075-796X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4554-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longbiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Sensing and Computing for Smart Cities and School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11123376"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3463495","article-title":"Uvlens: Urban village boundary identification and population estimation leveraging open government data","volume":"5","author":"Chen L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"L. Chen, C. Lu, F. Yuan, Z. Jiang, and C. Wang, \"Uvlens: Urban village boundary identification and population estimation leveraging open government data,\" Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1--26, 2021.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Urban fire risk evaluation based on 2-tuple ahp---taking the 8th division with shihezi city for example,\" in 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE)","author":"Yin C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"C. Yin, K. Qi, K. Li, Q. Duan, L. Gao, and J. Sun, \"Urban fire risk evaluation based on 2-tuple ahp---taking the 8th division with shihezi city for example,\" in 2019 9th International Conference on Fire Science and Fire Protection Engineering (ICFSFPE) 2019, pp. 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/grow.12122"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Sdcae: Stack denoising convolutional autoencoder model for accident risk prediction via traffic big data,\" in 2018 Sixth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD)","author":"Chen C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"C. Chen, X. Fan, C. Zheng, L. Xiao, M. Cheng, and C. Wang, \"Sdcae: Stack denoising convolutional autoencoder model for accident risk prediction via traffic big data,\" in 2018 Sixth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD) 2018, pp. 328--333."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Study on the current situation and countermeasures of fire protection in urban village","volume":"28","author":"Zhang Q.","year":"2009","unstructured":"z. Tian, Q. Zhang, h. Yan, and y. Wang, \"Study on the current situation and countermeasures of fire protection in urban village,\" Fire Science and Technology vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 465--468, 2009.","journal-title":"Fire Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"2680","article-title":"Risk assessment of city village reconstruction demolition engineering in urban sustainable development,\" in Natural Resources and Sustainable Development II ser. Advanced Materials Research, vol. 524","volume":"9","author":"Liu X. 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