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While researchers have considered vulnerabilities of particular components within an EV charging ecosystem, there is still a notable gap in vulnerability analysis of charging protocols and the potential threats to these. We investigate threat vectors within the most widely adopted protocols used in EV infrastructure, explore the potential impact of cyberattacks and suggest various mitigation techniques investigated in literature. Potential future research directions are also identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3735662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T07:28:21Z","timestamp":1747207701000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cybersecurity Challenges in the EV Charging Ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6191-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanjot","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University","place":["Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9316-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nima","family":"Valizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University","place":["Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devki Nandan","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Newcastle University","place":["Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4101-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szydlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University","place":["Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"R. 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