{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T17:28:00Z","timestamp":1772645280516,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["CNS-1932480, CNS-2008463, CCF-2028875, CNS-1925706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1932480, CNS-2008463, CCF-2028875, CNS-1925706"]}]},{"name":"NASA STRI Resilient Extraterrestrial Habitats Institute","award":["80NSSC19K1076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC19K1076"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Time-sensitive networking (TSN) has been recognized as one of the key enabling technologies for Industry 4.0 and has been deployed in many mission- and safety-critical applications e.g., industry automation, automotive and aerospace systems. Given the stringent real-time requirements of these applications, the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) draws special attention among TSN\u2019s many traffic shapers due to its ability to achieve deterministic timing guarantees. Many scheduling methods for TAS shapers have been recently developed that claim to improve system schedulability. However, these scheduling methods have not yet been thoroughly evaluated, especially through experimental comparisons, to provide a systematical understanding of their performance using different evaluation metrics in diverse application scenarios. In this article, we fill this gap by presenting a systematic review and experimental study on existing TAS-based scheduling methods for TSN. We first review and categorize the system models employed in these works along with the specific problems they aim to solve, and outline the fundamental and additional considerations in the designs of TAS-based scheduling methods. We then perform an extensive evaluation on 17 representative solutions using both high-fidelity simulations and a real-life 16-node TSN testbed, and comparing their performance in terms of schedulability, scalability, and schedule quality. Through these experimental studies, we identify the limitations of individual scheduling methods and highlight important findings. We also summarize the open issues and future research directions in this area. We expect this work will provide foundational knowledge and performance benchmarks for future studies on real-time TSN scheduling and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3736715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T06:57:23Z","timestamp":1747810643000},"page":"1-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Survey and Experimental Study of Real-Time Scheduling Methods for 802.1Qbv TSN Networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3530-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanyu","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut","place":["Storrs, United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1969-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3083-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanbin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D, Emerson Automation Solutions","place":["Round Rock, United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-7675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Loveless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center","place":["Houston, United States"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut","place":["Storrs, United States"]}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Wolfgang Fischer Joseph Gelish and Michael Hegarty. 2021. Aerospace TSN use cases traffic types and requirements. https:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/1\/files\/public\/docs2021\/dp-Jabbar-et-al-Aerospace-Use-Cases-0321-v06.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE. 2010. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 12: Forwarding and Queuing Enhancements for Time-Sensitive Streams. IEEE Std 802.1Qav-2009 (2010) 1\u201372. 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2010.8684664","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2010.8684664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE. 2016. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Bridges and Bridged Networks - Amendment 25: Enhancements for Scheduled Traffic. IEEE Std 802.1Qbv-2015 (2016) 1\u201357. 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2016.8613095","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2016.8613095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"IEEE. 2018. IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks-bridges and bridged networks-amendment 31: Stream reservation protocol (SRP) enhancements and performance improvements. IEEE Std 802.1 Qcc-2018 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE. 2020. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -Bridges and Bridged Networks - Amendment 34: Asynchronous Traffic Shaping. IEEE Std 802.1Qcr-2020 (2020) 1\u2013151. 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2020.9253013","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2020.9253013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE. 2020. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks -Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications. IEEE Std 802.1AS-2020 (2020) 1\u2013421. 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2020.9121845","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2020.9121845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21154954"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anna Arestova Kai-Steffen J. Hielscher and Reinhard German. 2023. Optimization of bandwidth utilization and gate control list configuration in 802.1 Qbv networks. IEEE Access 11 (2023) 115076\u2013115090.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3324957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2950887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534879.3534921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Fog Computing and the IoT (Fog-IoT\u201920)","author":"Barzegaran Mohammadreza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammadreza Barzegaran, Bahram Zarrin, and Paul Pop. 2020. Quality-of-control-aware scheduling of communication in TSN-based fog computing platforms using constraint programming. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Fog Computing and the IoT (Fog-IoT\u201920)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2905334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3211969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","article-title":"OPC UA TSN a new solution for industrial communication","volume":"168","author":"Bruckner Dietmar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dietmar Bruckner, Richard Blair, M. Stanica, A. Ademaj, W. Skeffington, D. Kutscher, S. Schriegel, R. Wilmes, K. Wachswender, L. Leurs, et\u00a0al. 2018. OPC UA TSN a new solution for industrial communication. Whitepaper. Shaper Group 168 (2018).","journal-title":"Whitepaper. Shaper Group"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3534879.3534906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3127311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/network3040026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPCS.2010.5609786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS46889.2021.9483602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"1551","article-title":"An overview of scheduling mechanisms for time-sensitive networks","author":"Craciunas Silviu S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silviu S. Craciunas, R. Serna Oliver, and T. Ag. 2017. An overview of scheduling mechanisms for time-sensitive networks. Proceedings of the Real-time summer school L\u00c9cole d\u00c9t\u00e9 Temps R\u00e9el (ETR) (2017), 1551\u20133203.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Real-time summer school L\u00c9cole d\u00c9t\u00e9 Temps R\u00e9el (ETR)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2997465.2997470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3487330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Security and Dependability of Critical Embedded Real-Time Systems (CERTS\u201919)","author":"Dobrin Radu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Radu Dobrin, Nitin Desai, and Sasikumar Punnekkat. 2019. On fault-tolerant scheduling of time sensitive networks. In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Security and Dependability of Critical Embedded Real-Time Systems (CERTS\u201919)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Rudy Belliardi Josef Dorr Thomas Enzinger Florian Essler J\u00e1nos Farkas Mark Hantel Maximilian Riegel Marius-Petru Stanica Guenter Steindl Reiner Wam\u00dfer et\u00a0al. 2018. Use cases iec\/IEEE 60802 v1. 3. IEEE 60802 (2018) V1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2997465.2997494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops50388.2021.9473542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA.2018.00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS48715.2020.00-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhiwei Feng Qingxu Deng Mingyang Cai and Jinghua Li. 2022. E?icient reservation-based fault-tolerant scheduling for IEEE 802.1Qbv time-sensitive networking. Journal of Systems Architecture 123 (2022) 102381. 10.1016\/j.sysarc.2021.102381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2021.102381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2022.3197523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS\u201922)","author":"Finzi Ana\u00efs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ana\u00efs Finzi and Ramon Serna Oliver. 2022. General framework for routing, scheduling and formal timing analysis in deterministic time-aware networks. In Proceedings of the 34th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS\u201922)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/IFIPNetworking55013.2022.9829815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Gurobi Optimization LLC. 2021. Gurobi optimizer reference manual. https:\/\/www.gurobi.com\/documentation\/9.1\/refman\/index.html. Accessed: 2025-05-30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP55476.2022.10039213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM","author":"He Xiaowu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiaowu He, Xiangwen Zhuge, Fan Dang, Wang Xu, and Zheng Yang. 2023. Deep-Scheduler: Enabling flow-aware scheduling in time-sensitive networking. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT45562.2020.9067122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS47810.2020.9114415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3453417.3453421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xinyi Hong Yuhao Xi and Peng Liu. 2024. Resource-aware online traffic scheduling for time-sensitive networking. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 20 12 (2024) 14267\u201314276. 10.1109\/TII.2024.3449988","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3449988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3453417.3453423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IEEE. 2016. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Bridges and Bridged Networks - Amendment 26: Frame Preemption. IEEE Std 802.1Qbu-2016 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014) (2016) 1\u201352. 10.1109\/IEEESTD.2016.7553415","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2016.7553415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","unstructured":"IEEE. 2018. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Network -Bridges and Bridged Networks. IEEE Std 802.1 Q-2018 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.1 Q-2014) (2018) 1\u20131993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xi Jin Changqing Xia Nan Guan Chi Xu Dong Li Yue Yin and Peng Zeng. 2020. Real-time scheduling of massive data in time sensitive networks with a limited number of schedule entries. IEEE Access 8 (2020) 6751\u20136767. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964690","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2021.1003844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14154497"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201920)","author":"Keahey Kate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kate Keahey, Jason Anderson, Zhuo Zhen, Pierre Riteau, Paul Ruth, Dan Stanzione, Mert Cevik, Jacob Colleran, Haryadi S. Gunawi, Cody Hammock, et\u00a0al. 2020. Lessons learned from the chameleon testbed. In Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201920). 219\u2013233."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2014.7005200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2019.106522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seminar Innovative Internet Technologies and Mobile Communications (IITM\u201922)","author":"Kist Leon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leon Kist and Philippe Buschmann. 2022. Survey on scheduling approaches in TSN. In Proceedings of the Seminar Innovative Internet Technologies and Mobile Communications (IITM\u201922)."},{"issue":"2004","key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procedures for performing systematic reviews","volume":"33","author":"Kitchenham Barbara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barbara Kitchenham. 2004. Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele University 33, 2004 (2004), 1\u201326.","journal-title":"Keele, UK, Keele University"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3273905.3273920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2019.2911272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE.2018.8342096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3356401.3356409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC49638.2020.9123308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IcETRAN59631.2023.10192167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00338-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junhong Min Woongsoo Kim Jeongyeup Paek and Ramesh Govindan. 2023. Effective routing and scheduling strategies for fault-tolerant timesensitive networking. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 11 6 (2023) 11008\u201311020.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3328626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Junhong Min Yongjun Kim Moonbeom Kim Jeongyeup Paek and Ramesh Govindan. 2023. Reinforcement learning based routing for time-aware shaper scheduling in time-sensitive networks. Computer Networks 235 (2023) 109983. 10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.109983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.109983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3431232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3274590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMWKSHPS54753.2022.9798073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11241-018-9304-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","unstructured":"Ahmed Nasrallah Venkatraman Balasubramanian Akhilesh Thyagaturu Martin Reisslein and Hesham ElBakoury. 2019. TSN algorithms for large scale networks: A survey and conceptual comparison. arXiv:1905.08478. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1905.08478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2869350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2018.00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314206.3314208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2998224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","article-title":"Choosing the right TSN tools to meet a bounded latency","author":"Pannell Don","year":"2019","unstructured":"Don Pannell. 2019. Choosing the right TSN tools to meet a bounded latency. IEEE SA Ethernet & IP@ Automotive Technology Day (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE SA Ethernet & IP@ Automotive Technology Day"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC52595.2021.9594368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3184069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2078195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3264909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FWC.2017.8368523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11241-023-09414-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niklas Reusch Paul Pop and Silviu S. Craciunas. 2020. Work-in-progress: Safe and secure configuration synthesis for TSN using constraint programming. In 2020 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE 387\u2013390.","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS49844.2020.00045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 28th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation","author":"Roberty Adrien","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adrien Roberty, Siwar Ben Hadj Said, Frederic Ridouard, Henri Bauer, and Annie Geniet. 2023. Reinforcement learning for time-aware shaping (IEEE 802.1 Qbv) in time-sensitive networks. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 28th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jorge Sasiain David Franco Asier Atutxa Jasone Astorga and Eduardo Jacob. 2025. Toward the integration and convergence between 5G and TSN technologies and architectures for industrial communications: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 27 1 (2025) 259\u2013321. 10.1109\/COMST.2024.3422613","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3422613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2023.102852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3139258.3139289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS57264.2023.10144227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA50079.2020.9203662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youhwan Seol Doyeon Hyeon Junhong Min Moonbeom Kim and Jeongyeup Paek. 2021. Timely survey of timesensitive networking: Past and future directions. IEEE Access 9 (2021) 142506\u2013142527. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3120769","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3120769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISORC.2019.00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2852491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5GWF.2019.8911720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thomas St\u00fcber Manuel Eppler Lukas Osswald and Michael Menth. 2024. Performance comparison of offline scheduling algorithms for the time-aware shaper (TAS). IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 20 7 (2024) 9736\u20139748. 10.1109\/TII.2024.3385503","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3385503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas St\u00fcber Lukas Osswald Steffen Lindner and Michael Menth. 2023. A survey of scheduling algorithms for the time-aware shaper in time-sensitive networking (TSN). IEEE Access 11 (2023) 61192\u201361233.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3286370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wenjing Sun Yuan Zou Nan Guan Xudong Zhang Guodong Du and Ya Wen. 2024. Graph attention network -based deep reinforcement learning scheduling framework for in-vehicle time-sensitive networking. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 20 7 (2024) 9825\u20139836. 10.1109\/TII.2024.3388669","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3388669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VNC52810.2021.9644662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marian Ulbricht Stefan Senk Hosein K. Nazari How-Hang Liu Martin Reisslein Giang T. Nguyen and Frank H. P. Fitzek. 2023. Tsn-flextest: Flexible tsn measurement testbed. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 21 2 (2023) 1387\u20131402.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3327108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marek Vlk Kate\u0159ina Brejchov\u00e1 Zden\u011bk Hanz\u00e1lek and Siyu Tang. 2022. Large-scale periodic scheduling in timesensitive networks. Computers & Operations Research 137 (2022) 105512. 10.1016\/j.cor.2021.105512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2021.105512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3014105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marek Vlk Zden\u011bk Hanz\u00e1lek and Siyu Tang. 2021. Constraint programming approaches to joint routing and scheduling in time-sensitive networks. Computers & Industrial Engineering 157 (2021) 107317. 10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS54860.2022.00103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zitong Wang Feng Luo Yunpeng Li Haotian Gan and Lei Zhu. 2025. Schedulability analysis in time-sensitive networking: A systematic literature review. Ad Hoc Networks (2025) 103897.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2025.103897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3188826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mingwu Yao Jiamu Liu Jing Du Dongqi Yan Yanxi Zhang Wei Liu and Anthony Man-Cho So. 2023. A unified flow scheduling method for time sensitive networks. Computer Networks 233 (2023) 109847.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.109847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2925538"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3695248","article-title":"Time-sensitive networking (TSN) for industrial automation: Current advances and future directions","volume":"57","author":"Zhang Tianyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tianyu Zhang, Gang Wang, Chuanyu Xue, Jiachen Wang, Mark Nixon, and Song Han. 2024. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) for industrial automation: Current advances and future directions. ACM Computing Surveys 57, 2 (2024), 1\u201338.","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yinghui Zhang Jiamin Wu Mingli Liu and Aiping Tan. 2022. TSN-based routing and scheduling scheme for Industrial Internet of Things in underground mining. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 115 (2022) 105314. 10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM48099.2022.10001004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiayi Zhao and Jing Cheng. 2024. The time-sensitive networking scheduling algorithm based on Q-learning. International Journal of Advanced Network Monitoring and Controls 9 1 (2024) 78\u201386. 10.2478\/ijanmc2024-0008","DOI":"10.2478\/ijanmc2024-0008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3180160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","article-title":"TSN-VM: A real-time and distributed algorithm for scheduling-violation mitigation in time-sensitive networking","author":"Zhou Boyang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boyang Zhou and Liang Cheng. 2023. TSN-VM: A real-time and distributed algorithm for scheduling-violation mitigation in time-sensitive networking. Authorea Preprints (2023).","journal-title":"Authorea Preprints"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS52030.2021.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712545"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3736715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T14:31:55Z","timestamp":1757428315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3736715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3736715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3736715","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}