{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T19:10:09Z","timestamp":1758827409572,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP 14C-0916?210015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP 14C-0916?210015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An overview of the interplay between technological vulnerabilities, countermeasures, human behavior, and policy\nframeworks in addressing cybersecurity challenges in the Arab world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3737451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T20:16:26Z","timestamp":1757967386000},"page":"72-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cybersecurity in the Arab World: Technological and Socio-Political Dimensions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Slim","family":"Abdennadher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German International University, Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raian","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University College of Science and Engineering, Doha, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dacier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1909-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5841-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alia","family":"El Bolock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The American University in Cairo, Computer Science and Engineering, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Muhanad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatar University, Doha, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abuelezz I. et al. Qualitative exploration of factors influencing trust and engagement in social engineering: The role of visual and demographic cues. In 2024 11th Intern. Conf on Behavioral and Social Computing (BESC). 1\u20138; 10.1109\/BESC64747.2024.10780719","DOI":"10.1109\/BESC64747.2024.10780719"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abuelezz I. et al. How demographic and appearance cues of a potential social engineer influence trust perception and risk-taking among targets. Information and Computer Security ahead-of-print (2024); 10.1108\/ICS-03-2024-0057","DOI":"10.1108\/ICS-03-2024-0057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-0570-5_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14456\/itjemast.2022.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59992\/IJSR.2024.v3n3p8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-8804(02)80030-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1973107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Egyptian Ministry of Communications. (2022). Law No. 151 of 2020 on the Protection of Personal Data."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"ESCWA. 2020. Model Cyber Legislation for Arab States."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57349-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"Jordanian Parliament. Personal Data Protection Law No. 24 of 2023. 2023; Available at: https:\/\/www.modee.gov.jo\/ebv4.0\/root_storage\/en\/eb_list_page\/pdpl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ijlis.2022.166757.1161"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-59465-6_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-0570-5_27"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muhanad A. et al. Does security attitude really predict susceptibility to persuasion tactics in social engineering attempts? Information and Computer Security Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. 2025; 10.1108\/ICS-11-2024-0280","DOI":"10.1108\/ICS-11-2024-0280"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-60618-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","unstructured":"DLA Piper. Data Protection Laws of the World: Full Report. Technical Report. DLA Piper. 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447741"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","unstructured":"Raponi S. Caprolu M. and Di Pietro R. Beyond SolarWinds: The Systemic Risks of Critical Infrastructures State of Play Future Directions. In Proceedings of the Italian Conf. on Cybersecurity ITASEC 2021 All Digital Event April 7-9 2021 (CEUR Workshop Proceedings Vol. 2940) Armando A. and Colajanni M. (Eds.). CEUR-WS.org 394\u2013405; https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2940\/paper33.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2444847"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Supti T.I. et al. Examining the Role of Self-Construal on Cybersecurity Attitudes and Perceptions of Vulnerability. J Appl Secur Res 2025 1\u201327; 10.1080\/19361610.2025.2466000","DOI":"10.1080\/19361610.2025.2466000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","unstructured":"UAE Government. Federal Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data. 2021; Available at: https:\/\/u.ae\/en\/about-the-uae\/digital-uae\/data\/data-protection-laws"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","unstructured":"Hofstede G. Culture\u2019s Consequences: Comparing Values Behaviors Institutions and Organizations Across Nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications (2001)."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3737451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T18:49:13Z","timestamp":1758826153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3737451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3737451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3737451","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-0782"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7317"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}