{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:58:14Z","timestamp":1776931094797,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3742413.3789090","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:32:24Z","timestamp":1772537544000},"page":"941-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Embodied Digital Therapists with LLM Personalization for Aphasia Rehabilitation: Characterizing Human-AI Collaboration Boundaries"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9451-8334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengting","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5531-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1582-8524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiguo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muath Alsuhaibani Ali Pourramezan\u00a0Fard Jian Sun Farida Far\u00a0Poor Peter\u00a0S. Pressman and Mohammad\u00a0H. Mahoor. 2025. A Review of Machine Learning Approaches for Non-Invasive Cognitive Impairment Detection. IEEE Access 13 (2025) 56355\u201356384. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3555176","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3555176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcelo\u00a0L Berthier. 2005. Poststroke aphasia: epidemiology pathophysiology and treatment. Drugs & aging 22 2 (2005) 163\u2013182.","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200522020-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lauren\u00a0P. Bislick Phillip\u00a0C. Weir Kristie Spencer Diane Kendall and Kathryn\u00a0M. Yorkston. 2012. Do principles of motor learning enhance retention and transfer of speech skills? A systematic review. Aphasiology 26 5 (2012) 709\u2013728. 10.1080\/02687038.2012.676888","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2012.676888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joan\u00a0C Borod Harold Goodglass and Edith Kaplan. 1980. Normative data on the Boston diagnostic aphasia examination parietal lobe battery and the Boston naming test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2 3 (1980) 209\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638008403793"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 (2006) 77\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giovanni Buccino. 2014. Action observation treatment: a novel tool in neurorehabilitation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369 1644 (2014) 20130185.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrie\u00a0J Cai Samantha Winter David Steiner Lauren Wilcox and Michael Terry. 2019. \" Hello AI\": uncovering the onboarding needs of medical practitioners for human-AI collaborative decision-making. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-computer Interaction 3 CSCW (2019) 1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen-Li Chen Qian Ye Si-Cong Zhang Yang Xia Xi Yang Ti-Fei Yuan Chun-Lei Shan and Jian-An Li. 2019. Aphasia rehabilitation based on mirror neuron theory: a randomized-block-design study of neuropsychology and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neural regeneration research 14 6 (2019) 1004\u20131012.","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.250580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leora\u00a0R Cherney Jaime\u00a0B Lee Kwang-Youn\u00a0A Kim and Sarel van Vuuren. 2021. Web-based Oral Reading for Language in Aphasia (Web ORLA\u00ae): A pilot randomized control trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 35 7 (2021) 976\u2013987.","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520988475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54184-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Fred\u00a0D Davis et\u00a0al. 1989. Technology acceptance model: TAM. Al-Suqri MN Al-Aufi AS: Information Seeking Behavior and Technology Adoption 205 219 (1989) 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Duncan T Schmah and S Small. 2012. IMITATE: an aphasia treatment motivated by motor cortical connectivity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 61 (2012) 129\u2013131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.10.112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefan\u00a0T Engelter Michal Gostynski Susanna Papa Maya Frei Claudia Born Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross Felix Gutzwiller and Phillipe\u00a0A Lyrer. 2006. Epidemiology of aphasia attributable to first ischemic stroke: incidence severity fluency etiology and thrombolysis. Stroke 37 6 (2006) 1379\u20131384.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000221815.64093.8c"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luciano Fadiga Laila Craighero Giovanni Buccino and Giacomo Rizzolatti. 2002. Speech listening specifically modulates the excitability of tongue muscles: a TMS study. European journal of Neuroscience 15 2 (2002) 399\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01874.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Victor Francisco Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Louis Maxime Billot Morgane Le\u00a0Bourvellec Arnaud Decatoire Romain David and Christel Bidet-Ildei. 2024. The value of action observation in speech and language rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 164 (2024) 105826.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kathleen\u00a0C Fraser Jed\u00a0A Meltzer Naida\u00a0L Graham Carol Leonard Graeme Hirst Sandra\u00a0E Black and Elizabeth Rochon. 2014. Automated classification of primary progressive aphasia subtypes from narrative speech transcripts. cortex 55 (2014) 43\u201360.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angelina Gr\u00f6nberg Ingrid Henriksson and Arne\u00a0G Lindgren. 2024. Long-term prognosis and health-related quality of life for people with Aphasia in Sweden. Aphasiology 0 0 (2024) 1\u201313. 10.1080\/02687038.2024.2327678","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2024.2327678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiago\u00a0S Jesus Michel\u00a0D Landry Gilles Dussault and In\u00eas Fronteira. 2017. Human resources for health (and rehabilitation): Six Rehab-Workforce Challenges for the century. Human resources for health 15 1 (2017) 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-017-0182-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeffrey\u00a0A Kleim and Theresa\u00a0A Jones. 2008. Principles of experience-dependent neural plasticity: implications for rehabilitation after brain damage. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 51 1 (2008) S225\u2013S239. 10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/018)","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hermano\u00a0Igo Krebs Jerome\u00a0Joseph Palazzolo Laura Dipietro Mark Ferraro Jennifer Krol Keren Rannekleiv Bruce\u00a0T Volpe and Neville Hogan. 2003. Rehabilitation robotics: Performance-based progressive robot-assisted therapy. Autonomous robots 15 1 (2003) 7\u201320.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024494031121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amit Lampit Hanna\u00a0Malmberg Gavelin Julieta Sabates Nathalie\u00a0H Launder Harry Hallock Carsten Finke Stephan Krohn and Geeske Peeters. 2020. Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. MedRxiv 11 11 (2020) 2020\u201310. 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001756","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duc Le Keli Licata Carol Persad and Emily\u00a0Mower Provost. 2016. Automatic assessment of speech intelligibility for individuals with aphasia. IEEE\/ACM transactions on audio speech and language processing 24 11 (2016) 2187\u20132199.","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2016.2598428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Edwin Maas Donald\u00a0A Robin Shannon\u00a0N Austermann\u00a0Hula Skott\u00a0E Freedman Gabriele Wulf Kirrie\u00a0J Ballard and Richard\u00a0A Schmidt. 2008. Principles of motor learning in treatment of motor speech disorders. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 17 3 (2008) 277\u2013298. 10.1044\/1058-0360(2008\/025)","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2008\/025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brian MacWhinney Davida Fromm Margaret Forbes and Audrey Holland. 2011. AphasiaBank: Methods for studying discourse. Aphasiology 25 11 (2011) 1286\u20131307.","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2011.589893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paola Marangolo Susanna Cipollari Valentina Fiori Carmela Razzano and Carlo Caltagirone. 2012. Walking but not barking improves verb recovery: implications for action observation treatment in aphasia rehabilitation. PloS one 7 6 (2012) e38610.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jane Marshall Tracey Booth Niamh Devane Julia Galliers Helen Greenwood Katerina Hilari Richard Talbot Stephanie Wilson and Celia Woolf. 2016. Evaluating the benefits of aphasia intervention delivered in virtual reality: results of a quasi-randomised study. PloS one 11 8 (2016) e0160381.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160381"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dianne Meyer. 2011. Speech-language pathology in China: challenges and opportunities. The ASHA Leader 16 13 (2011) online\u2013only.","DOI":"10.1044\/leader.WB2.16132011.np"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"World\u00a0Health Organization et\u00a0al. 2017. Rehabilitation in health systems. Geneva: World Health Organization. Institute for Learning Technologies. Retrieved October 12 (2017) 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rebecca Palmer Munyaradzi Dimairo Cindy Cooper Pam Enderby Marian Brady Audrey Bowen Nicholas Latimer Steven Julious Elizabeth Cross Abualbishr Alshreef et\u00a0al. 2019. Self-managed computerised speech and language therapy for patients with chronic aphasia post-stroke compared with usual care or attention control (Big CACTUS): a multicentre single-blinded randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology 18 9 (2019) 821\u2013833.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30192-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raja Parasuraman and Dietrich\u00a0H Manzey. 2010. Complacency and bias in human use of automation: An attentional integration. Human factors 52 3 (2010) 381\u2013410.","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacomo Rizzolatti and Laila Craighero. 2004. The mirror-neuron system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27 1 (2004) 169\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Anne\u00a0F Rose Joel\u00a0G Schnieder Alison Ganser et\u00a0al. 2003. A brief screening tool for assessing personal digital assistant usability: the PSSUQ-PDA. International Journal of Medical Informatics 71 2-3 (2003) 95\u2013108."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cynthia\u00a0M Shewan and Andrew Kertesz. 1980. Reliability and validity characteristics of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 45 3 (1980) 308\u2013324.","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4503.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeremy\u00a0I Skipper Howard\u00a0C Nusbaum and Steven\u00a0L Small. 2005. Listening to talking faces: motor cortical activation during speech perception. Neuroimage 25 1 (2005) 76\u201389.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Simona Spaccavento Angela Craca Marina Del\u00a0Prete Rosanna Falcone Antonia Colucci Angela Di\u00a0Palma and Anna Loverre. 2013. Quality of life measurement and outcome in aphasia. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 10 (2013) 27\u201337. 10.2147\/NDT.S52357","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S52357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arun\u00a0James Thirunavukarasu Darren Shu\u00a0Jeng Ting Kabilan Elangovan Laura Gutierrez Ting\u00a0Fang Tan and Daniel Shu\u00a0Wei Ting. 2023. Large language models in medicine. Nature medicine 29 8 (2023) 1930\u20131940.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02448-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference","volume":"106","author":"Tonekaboni Sana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sana Tonekaboni, Shalmali Joshi, Melissa\u00a0D McCradden, and Anna Goldenberg. 2019. What clinicians want: contextualizing explainable machine learning for clinical end use. In Proceedings of the 4th Machine Learning for Healthcare Conference , Vol.\u00a0106. PMLR, Vancouver, Canada, 359\u2013380."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eleftheria Vaportzis Maria Giatsi\u00a0Clausen and Alan\u00a0J Gow. 2017. Older adults perceptions of technology and barriers to interacting with tablet computers: a focus group study. Frontiers in psychology 8 (2017) 1687.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiadong Wang Xinyuan Qian Malu Zhang Robby\u00a0T Tan and Haizhou Li. 2023. Seeing what you said: Talking face generation guided by a lip reading expert. 2023 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) (2023) 14653\u201314662.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaby\u00a0Anne Wildenbos Linda Peute and Monique Jaspers. 2018. Aging barriers influencing mobile health usability for older adults: a literature based framework (MOLD-US). International journal of medical informatics 114 (2018) 66\u201375.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langdon Winner. 1980. Do Artifacts Have Politics?Daedalus 109 1 (1980) 121\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110808681.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silke\u00a0M Witt and Steve\u00a0J Young. 2000. Phone-level pronunciation scoring and assessment for interactive language learning. Speech communication 30 2-3 (2000) 95\u2013108.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(99)00044-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564526.564543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chenping Zhang Xiawen Li and Hongbiao Wang. 2023. Application of action observation therapy in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review. Brain and Behavior 13 8 (2023) e3157.","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3157"}],"event":{"name":"IUI '26: 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","location":"Paphos Cyprus","acronym":"IUI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T12:57:16Z","timestamp":1773493036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3742413.3789090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3742413.3789090","10.1145\/3742413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3742413.3789090","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}