{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:32:09Z","timestamp":1773509529597,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":65,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,22]],"date-time":"2027-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1805673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-2125362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-2125362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-2440601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-2440601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3742413.3789118","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:32:24Z","timestamp":1772537544000},"page":"717-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Multimodal Investigation of Controllability and Cognitive Load in Interactive Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0450-9633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cedric","family":"Bone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1032-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parth","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8730-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia O.","family":"Alm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2006-504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laith Alzubaidi Jinshuai Bai Aiman Al-Sabaawi Jose Santamar\u00eda A.\u00a0S. Albahri Bashar Sami\u00a0Nayyef Al-dabbagh Mohammed\u00a0A. Fadhel Mohamed Manoufali Jinglan Zhang Ali\u00a0H. Al-Timemy Ye Duan Amjed Abdullah Laith Farhan Yi Lu Ashish Gupta Felix Albu Amin Abbosh and Yuantong Gu. 2023. A survey on deep learning tools dealing with data scarcity: Definitions challenges solutions tips and applications. Journal of Big Data 10 1 (April 2023) 46. 10.1186\/s40537-023-00727-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-023-00727-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saleema Amershi Maya Cakmak William\u00a0Bradley Knox and Todd Kulesza. 2014. Power to the People: The Role of Humans in Interactive Machine Learning. AI Magazine 35 4 (Dec. 2014) 105\u2013120. 10.1609\/aimag.v35i4.2513","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v35i4.2513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ms.\u00a0Aayushi Bansal Dr.\u00a0Rewa Sharma and Dr.\u00a0Mamta Kathuria. 2022. A Systematic Review on Data Scarcity Problem in Deep Learning: Solution and Applications. Comput. Surveys 54 10s (Jan. 2022) 1\u201329. 10.1145\/3502287","DOI":"10.1145\/3502287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert Bauer Leonardo Jost Bianca G\u00fcnther and Petra Jansen. 2022. Pupillometry as a measure of cognitive load in mental rotation tasks with abstract and embodied figures. Psychological Research 86 5 (July 2022) 1382\u20131396. 10.1007\/s00426-021-01568-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-021-01568-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacob Beck. 2023. Quality aspects of annotated data. AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv 17 3 (Dec. 2023) 331\u2013353. 10.1007\/s11943-023-00332-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11943-023-00332-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoav Benjamini and Yosef Hochberg. 1995. Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) 57 1 (1995) 289\u2013300. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2346101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","first-page":"369","volume-title":"AAAI Spring Symposia","author":"Bernardo Francisco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Francisco Bernardo, Michael Zbyszynski, Rebecca Fiebrink, and Mick Grierson. 2016. Interactive Machine Learning for End-User Innovation. In AAAI Spring Symposia. 369\u2013375. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:14597497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Francesco\u00a0N. Biondi Babak Saberi Frida Graf Joel Cort Prarthana Pillai and Balakumar Balasingam. 2023. Distracted worker: Using pupil size and blink rate to detect cognitive load during manufacturing tasks. Applied Ergonomics 106 (Jan. 2023) 103867. 10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2022.103867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50585-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bibiana Giudice Da\u00a0Silva Cezar and Ant\u00f4nio Carlos\u00a0Gastaud Ma\u00e7ada. 2023. Cognitive Overload Anxiety Cognitive Fatigue Avoidance Behavior and Data Literacy in Big Data environments. Information Processing Management 60 6 (2023) 103482. 10.1016\/j.ipm.2023.103482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2023.103482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang Chen Natalie Ruiz Eric Choi Julien Epps M.\u00a0Asif Khawaja Ronnie Taib Bo Yin and Yang Wang. 2013. Multimodal behavior and interaction as indicators of cognitive load. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 2 4 (Jan. 2013) 22:1\u201322:36. 10.1145\/2395123.2395127","DOI":"10.1145\/2395123.2395127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0H. Chignell Mu-Huan Chung Yuhong Yang Greg Cento and Abhay Raman. 2021. Human Factors in Interactive Machine Learning: A Cybersecurity Case Study. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65 1 (2021) 1495\u20131499. 10.1177\/1071181321651206","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181321651206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jason\u00a0P.C. Chiu and Eric Nichols. 2016. Named Entity Recognition with Bidirectional LSTM-CNNs. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (July 2016) 357\u2013370. 10.1162\/tacl_a_00104","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hannes Devos Kathleen Gustafson Pedram Ahmadnezhad Ke Liao Jonathan\u00a0D. Mahnken William\u00a0M. Brooks and Jeffrey\u00a0M. Burns. 2020. Psychometric Properties of NASA-TLX and Index of Cognitive Activity as Measures of Cognitive Workload in Older Adults. Brain Sciences 10 12 (2020). 10.3390\/brainsci10120994","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"John\u00a0J. Dudley and Per\u00a0Ola Kristensson. 2018. A Review of User Interface Design for Interactive Machine Learning. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 8 2 (June 2018) 1\u201337. 10.1145\/3185517","DOI":"10.1145\/3185517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodrigo Duran Albina Zavgorodniaia and Juha Sorva. 2022. Cognitive Load Theory in Computing Education Research: A Review. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 22 4 Article 40 (Sept. 2022) 27\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3483843","DOI":"10.1145\/3483843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3172944.3172961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/604045.604056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayelet Fishbach and Kaitlin Woolley. 2022. The Structure of Intrinsic Motivation. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 9 Volume 9 2022 (2022) 339\u2013363. 10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091122","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b12791-3.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2380816.2380849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490099.3511111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xuan Guo Qi Yu Rui Li Cecilia\u00a0Ovesdotter Alm Cara Calvelli Pengcheng Shi and Anne Haake. 2016. Intelligent medical image grouping through interactive learning. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics 2 3 (Dec. 2016) 95\u2013105. 10.1007\/s41060-016-0021-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s41060-016-0021-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jamison Heard Caroline\u00a0E. Harriott and Julie\u00a0A. Adams. 2018. A survey of workload assessment algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 48 5 (2018) 434\u2013451. 10.1109\/THMS.2017.2782483","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2782483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P\u00a0Archana Hebbar Sanjana Vinod Aumkar\u00a0Kishore Shah Abhay\u00a0A Pashilkar and Pradipta Biswas. [n. d.]. Cognitive Load Estimation in VR Flight Simulator. Journal of Eye Movement Research 15 3 ([n. d.]) 10.16910\/jemr.15.3.11. 10.16910\/jemr.15.3.11","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.15.3.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marek Herde Denis Huseljic Bernhard Sick and Adrian Calma. 2021. A Survey on Cost Types Interaction Schemes and Annotator Performance Models in Selection Algorithms for Active Learning in Classification. IEEE Access 9 (Jan. 2021) 166970\u2013166989. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3135514","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3135514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sepp Hochreiter and J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber. 1997. Long Short-term Memory. Neural Computation 9 (Dec. 1997) 1735\u201380. 10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490099.3511110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andreas Holzinger Markus Plass Michael Kickmeier-Rust Katharina Holzinger Gloria\u00a0Cerasela Cri\u015fan Camelia-M. Pintea and Vasile Palade. 2019. Interactive machine learning: Experimental evidence for the human in the algorithmic loop. Applied Intelligence 49 (July 2019) 2401\u20132414. 10.1007\/s10489-018-1361-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-018-1361-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0H. Jung Christoph Schneider and Joseph Valacich. 2010. Enhancing the Motivational Affordance of Information Systems: The Effects of Real-Time Performance Feedback and Goal Setting in Group Collaboration Environments. Management Science 56 4 (2010) 724\u2013742. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27784148","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1090.1129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul\u00a0A. Kirschner John Sweller Femke Kirschner and Jimmy Zambrano\u00a0R.2018. From Cognitive Load Theory to Collaborative Cognitive Load Theory. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 13 2 (June 2018) 213\u2013233. 10.1007\/s11412-018-9277-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-018-9277-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations","author":"Klie Jan-Christoph","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jan-Christoph Klie, Michael Bugert, Beto Boullosa, Richard Eckart\u00a0de Castilho, and Iryna Gurevych. 2018. The INCEpTION Platform: Machine-Assisted and Knowledge-Oriented Interactive Annotation. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations, Dongyan Zhao (Ed.). Association for Computational Linguistics, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 5\u20139. https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/C18-2002\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sean\u00a0W. Kortschot Greg\u00a0A. Jamieson and Amrit Prasad. 2022. Detecting and Responding to Information Overload With an Adaptive User Interface. Human Factors 64 4 (June 2022) 675\u2013693. 10.1177\/0018720820964343","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820964343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krzysztof Krejtz Andrew\u00a0T. Duchowski Anna Niedzielska Cezary Biele and Izabela Krejtz. 2018. Eye tracking cognitive load using pupil diameter and microsaccades with fixed gaze. PloS One 13 9 (2018) e0203629. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0203629","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2464464.2464485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HFPP.2002.1042860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3565472.3595612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3640543.3645204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mario Nadj Merlin Knaeble Maximilian\u00a0Xiling Li and Alexander Maedche. 2020. Power to the Oracle? Design Principles for Interactive Labeling Systems in Machine Learning. KI - K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz 34 2 (June 2020) 131\u2013142. 10.1007\/s13218-020-00634-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-020-00634-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aditya Nandy Chenru Duan and Heather\u00a0J Kulik. 2022. Audacity of huge: Overcoming challenges of data scarcity and data quality for machine learning in computational materials discovery. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 36 (June 2022) 100778. 10.1016\/j.coche.2021.100778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2021.100778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Priya\u00a0K. Nihalani and Daniel\u00a0H. Robinson. 2022. Balancing Collaboration and Cognitive Load to Optimize Individual and Group Desirable Difficulties. Journal of Educational Computing Research 60 2 (April 2022) 433\u2013454. 10.1177\/07356331211035188 arXiv:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07356331211035188","DOI":"10.1177\/07356331211035188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40483-2_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahul Pandey Hemant Purohit Carlos Castillo and Valerie\u00a0L. Shalin. 2022. Modeling and mitigating human annotation errors to design efficient stream processing systems with human-in-the-loop machine learning. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 160 (April 2022) 102772. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-demo.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gowdham Prabhakar Abhishek Mukhopadhyay Lrd Murthy Madan Modiksha Deshmukh Sachin and Pradipta Biswas. 2020. Cognitive load estimation using ocular parameters in automotive. Transportation Engineering 2 (2020) 100008. 10.1016\/j.treng.2020.100008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treng.2020.100008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ha\u015fim Sak Andrew Senior and Fran\u00e7oise Beaufays. 2014. Long Short-Term Memory Based Recurrent Neural Network Architectures for Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1402.1128arXiv:1402.1128 (Feb. 2014). 10.48550\/arXiv.1402.1128arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1402.1128 [cs stat].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1402.1128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3490099.3511117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christina Schneegass Max\u00a0L. Wilson Jwan Shaban Jasmin Niess Francesco Chiossi Teodora Mitrevska and Pawe\u0142\u00a0W. Wo\u017aniak. 2024. Broadening the mind: how emerging neurotechnology is reshaping HCI and interactive system design. i-com 23 2 (2024) 165\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/doi:10.1515\/icom-2024-0007","DOI":"10.1515\/icom-2024-0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240866.1241057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abhishek Singh Barbara\u00a0S. Minsker and Peter Bajcsy. 2010. Image-Based Machine Learning for Reduction of User Fatigue in an Interactive Model Calibration System. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 24 3 (May 2010) 241\u2013251. 10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000026","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"John Sweller. 1988. Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning. Cognitive Science 12 2 (1988) 257\u2013285. 10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4 arXiv:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-8126-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Takagi. 2001. Interactive evolutionary computation: fusion of the capabilities of EC optimization and human evaluation. Proc. IEEE 89 (Sept. 2001) 1275\u20131296. 10.1109\/5.949485","DOI":"10.1109\/5.949485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-67661-2_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/FAIA230073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.hcinlp-1.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1119176.1119195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","unstructured":"Maxim Tkachenko Mikhail Malyuk Andrey Holmanyuk and Nikolai Liubimov. 2020-2025. Label Studio: Data labeling software. https:\/\/github.com\/HumanSignal\/label-studio Open source software available from https:\/\/github.com\/HumanSignal\/label-studio."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993901.2993908"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zehui Zhan Guoqing He Tingting Li Luyao He and Siyu Xiang. 2022. Effect of groups size on students\u2019 learning achievement motivation cognitive load collaborative problem-solving quality and in-class interaction in an introductory AI course. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 38 6 (2022) 1807\u20131818. 10.1111\/jcal.12722 arXiv:https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcal.12722","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12722"}],"event":{"name":"IUI '26: 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","location":"Paphos Cyprus","acronym":"IUI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3742413.3789118","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:00:34Z","timestamp":1773493234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3742413.3789118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3742413.3789118","10.1145\/3742413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3742413.3789118","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}