{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:56:54Z","timestamp":1776931014084,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":81,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3742413.3789169","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:32:24Z","timestamp":1772537544000},"page":"255-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caught by Surprise, Caught by Culture: Bridging Facial Expression's Recognition and Interpretation of Surprise Across Cultures"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6191-2866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha Eun","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovation, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4653-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonsun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4379-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Y","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3706743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993148.2993165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Biehl David Matsumoto Paul Ekman Valerie Hearn Karl Heider Tsutomu Kudoh and Veronica Ton. 1997. Matsumoto and Ekman\u2019s Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability data and cross-national differences. Journal of Nonverbal behavior 21 1 (1997) 3\u201321.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024902500935"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robin Bretin Mohamed Khamis Emily Cross and Mohammad Obaid. 2025. The Role of Drone\u2019s Digital Facial Emotions and Gaze in Shaping Individuals\u2019 Social Proxemics and Interpretation. J. Hum.-Robot Interact. 14 3 Article 48 (May 2025) 34\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3714477","DOI":"10.1145\/3714477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlos Busso Murtaza Bulut Chi-Chun Lee Abe Kazemzadeh Emily Mower Samuel Kim Jeannette\u00a0N Chang Sungbok Lee and Shrikanth\u00a0S Narayanan. 2008. IEMOCAP: Interactive emotional dyadic motion capture database. Language resources and evaluation 42 4 (2008) 335\u2013359.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-008-9076-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuochao Chen Yaxuan Li Songyun Tao Hyunchul Lim Mose Sakashita Ruidong Zhang Francois Guimbretiere and Cheng Zhang. 2021. Neckface: Continuously tracking full facial expressions on neck-mounted wearables. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5 2 (2021) 1\u201331.","DOI":"10.1145\/3463511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seokmin Choi Yang Gao Yincheng Jin Se\u00a0Jun Kim Jiyang Li Wenyao Xu and Zhanpeng Jin. 2022. PPGface: Like what you are watching? Earphones can\" feel\" your facial expressions. Proceedings of the ACM on interactive mobile wearable and ubiquitous technologies 6 2 (2022) 1\u201332.","DOI":"10.1145\/3534597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Kalpana Chowdary Tu\u00a0N. Nguyen and D.\u00a0Jude Hemanth. 2023. Deep learning-based facial emotion recognition for human\u2013computer interaction applications. Neural Computing and Applications 35 32 (Nov. 2023) 23311\u201323328. 10.1007\/s00521-021-06012-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06012-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John Joon\u00a0Young Chung Jean\u00a0Y Song Sindhu Kutty Sungsoo Hong Juho Kim and Walter\u00a0S Lasecki. 2019. Efficient elicitation approaches to estimate collective crowd answers. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 CSCW (2019) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/3359164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10001-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases","author":"Dominguez-Catena Iris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iris Dominguez-Catena, Daniel Paternain, and Mikel Galar. 2022. Gender stereotyping impact in facial expression recognition. In Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer, 9\u201322."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iris Dominguez-Catena Daniel Paternain and Mikel Galar. 2024. Metrics for Dataset Demographic Bias: A Case Study on Facial Expression Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 46 8 (2024) 5209\u20135226. 10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3361979","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3361979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guanglong Du Shuaiying Long and Hua Yuan. 2020. Non-contact emotion recognition combining heart rate and facial expression for interactive gaming environments. IEEE Access 8 (2020) 11896\u201311906.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Paul Ekman. 1973. Cross-cultural studies of facial expression. Darwin and facial expression: A century of research in review 169222 1 (1973) 45\u201360."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Ekman and Wallace\u00a0V Friesen. 1971. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion.Journal of personality and social psychology 17 2 (1971) 124.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Ekman and Wallace\u00a0V Friesen. 1978. Facial action coding system. Environmental Psychology & Nonverbal Behavior (1978).","DOI":"10.1037\/t27734-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hillary Elfenbein and Nalini Ambady. 2003. When Familiarity Breeds Accuracy: Cultural Exposure and Facial Emotion Recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (08 2003) 276\u2013290. 10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.276","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.2.276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillary\u00a0Anger Elfenbein and Nalini Ambady. 2002. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin 128 2 (2002) 203.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yingruo Fan Jacqueline\u00a0CK Lam and Victor\u00a0OK Li. 2021. Demographic effects on facial emotion expression: an interdisciplinary investigation of the facial action units of happiness. Scientific reports 11 1 (2021) 5214.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84632-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3720217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia Fang Disa\u00a0A Sauter and Gerben\u00a0A Van\u00a0Kleef. 2018. Seeing mixed emotions: The specificity of emotion perception from static and dynamic facial expressions across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49 1 (2018) 130\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022117736270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia Fang Gerben\u00a0A van Kleef and Disa\u00a0A Sauter. 2019. Revisiting cultural differences in emotion perception between easterners and westerners: Chinese perceivers are accurate but see additional non-intended emotions in negative facial expressions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 82 (2019) 152\u2013159.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2019.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0L Fleiss. 1971. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters.Psychological bulletin 76 5 (1971) 378.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnny R.\u00a0J. Fontaine Klaus\u00a0R. Scherer Etienne\u00a0B. Roesch and Phoebe\u00a0C. Ellsworth. 2007. The World of Emotions is not Two-Dimensional. Psychological Science 18 12 (2007) 1050\u20131057. 10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02024.xPMID: 18031411.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02024.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301275.3302329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernando Gordillo Lilia Mestas Miguel\u00a0\u00c1ngel P\u00e9rez Jos\u00e9\u00a0M. Arana and Eduardo\u00a0Alejandro Escotto. 2018. Role of Surprise in the Discrimination of the Facial Expression of Fear. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 21 (2018) E3. 10.1017\/sjp.2018.5","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2018.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierre Gosselin and Janik Simard. 1999. Children\u2019s knowledge of facial expressions of emotions: Distinguishing fear and surprise. The Journal of genetic psychology 160 2 (1999) 181\u2013193.","DOI":"10.1080\/00221329909595391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shlomo Hareli Konstantinos Kafetsios and Ursula Hess. 2015. A cross-cultural study on emotion expression and the learning of social norms. Frontiers in psychology 6 (2015) 1501.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muhammad\u00a0Anas Hasnul Nor Azlina\u00a0Ab Aziz Salem Alelyani Mohamed Mohana and Azlan\u00a0Abd Aziz. 2021. Electrocardiogram-based emotion recognition systems and their applications in healthcare\u2014a review. Sensors 21 15 (2021) 5015.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maryam Imani and Gholam\u00a0Ali Montazer. 2019. A survey of emotion recognition methods with emphasis on E-Learning environments. Journal of network and computer applications 147 (2019) 102423.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.102423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rachael\u00a0E. Jack Caroline Blais Christoph Scheepers Philippe\u00a0G. Schyns and Roberto Caldara. 2009. Cultural Confusions Show that Facial Expressions Are Not Universal. Current Biology 19 18 (Sept. 2009) 1543\u20131548. 10.1016\/j.cub.2009.07.051Publisher: Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rachael\u00a0E. Jack Roberto Caldara and Philippe\u00a0G. Schyns. 2011. Internal representations reveal cultural diversity in expectations of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 140 3 (2011) 575\u2013581. 10.1037\/a0023463","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rachael\u00a0E Jack Oliver\u00a0GB Garrod Hui Yu Roberto Caldara and Philippe\u00a0G Schyns. 2012. Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 19 (2012) 7241\u20137244.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200155109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshua\u00a0Conrad Jackson Joseph Watts Teague\u00a0R Henry Johann-Mattis List Robert Forkel Peter\u00a0J Mucha Simon\u00a0J Greenhill Russell\u00a0D Gray and Kristen\u00a0A Lindquist. 2019. Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure. Science 366 6472 (2019) 1517\u20131522.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw8160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hackjin Kim Leah\u00a0H Somerville Tom Johnstone Sara Polis Andrew\u00a0L Alexander Lisa\u00a0M Shin and Paul\u00a0J Whalen. 2004. Contextual modulation of amygdala responsivity to surprised faces. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 16 10 (2004) 1730\u20131745.","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929042947865"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun-Min Kim Ye-Jin Kwon Soo-Yun Jung Min-Ji Kim Yang\u00a0Seok Cho Hyun\u00a0Taek Kim Ki-Chun Nam Hackjin Kim Kee-Hong Choi and June-Seek Choi. 2017. Development of the Korean facial emotion stimuli: Korea university facial expression collection 2nd edition. Frontiers in Psychology 8 (2017) 769.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDS.2011.6024802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ye-jin Lee and Yoshiyuki Matsumoto. 2011. Emotional display rules of Japanese and Koreans. The Japanese Journal of Psychology 82 5 (2011) 415\u2013423. 10.4992\/jjpsy.82.415","DOI":"10.4992\/jjpsy.82.415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3708359.3712079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin Lukac Gulnaz Zhambulova Kamila Abdiyeva and Michael Lewis. 2023. Study on emotion recognition bias in different regional groups. Scientific Reports 13 1 (2023) 8414.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34932-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Lundberg Scott\u00a0M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scott\u00a0M Lundberg and Su-In Lee. 2017. A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , I.\u00a0Guyon, U.\u00a0Von Luxburg, S.\u00a0Bengio, H.\u00a0Wallach, R.\u00a0Fergus, S.\u00a0Vishwanathan, and R.\u00a0Garnett (Eds.), Vol.\u00a030. Curran Associates, Inc.https:\/\/proceedings.neurips.cc\/paper_files\/paper\/2017\/file\/8a20a8621978632d76c43dfd28b67767-Paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","unstructured":"David Matsumoto. 1988. Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) and neutral faces (JACNeuF). Intercultual and Emotion Research Laboratory Department of Psychology (1988)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Matsumoto. 1992. American\u2013Japanese Cultural Differences in the Recognition of Universal Facial Expressions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 23 1 (1992) 72\u201384. 10.1177\/0022022192231005","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022192231005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Matsumoto and Paul Ekman. 1989. American-Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion. Motivation and emotion 13 2 (1989) 143\u2013157.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dhwani Mehta Mohammad Faridul\u00a0Haque Siddiqui and Ahmad\u00a0Y. Javaid. 2018. Facial Emotion Recognition: A Survey and Real-World User Experiences in Mixed Reality. Sensors 18 2 (2018). 10.3390\/s18020416","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbara Mellers Katrina Fincher Caitlin Drummond and Michelle Bigony. 2013. Surprise: A belief or an emotion?Progress in brain research 202 (2013) 3\u201319.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-62604-2.00001-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batja Mesquita and Robert Walker. 2003. Cultural differences in emotions: A context for interpreting emotional experiences. Behaviour research and therapy 41 7 (2003) 777\u2013793.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00189-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindhu\u00a0Nair Mohan Firdaus Mukhtar and Laura Jobson. 2021. An exploratory study on cross-cultural differences in facial emotion recognition between adults from Malaysia and Australia. Frontiers in psychiatry 12 (2021) 622077.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.622077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Mollahosseini Behzad Hasani and Mohammad\u00a0H Mahoor. 2017. Affectnet: A database for facial expression valence and arousal computing in the wild. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 10 1 (2017) 18\u201331.","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2017.2740923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Masahito Nagata and Katsunori Okajima. 2024. Effect of observer\u2019s cultural background and masking condition of target face on facial expression recognition for machine-learning dataset. PLOS ONE 19 10 (Oct. 2024) 1\u201321. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0313029Publisher: Public Library of Science.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3709347.3743785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maital Neta F\u00a0Caroline Davis and Paul\u00a0J Whalen. 2011. Valence resolution of ambiguous facial expressions using an emotional oddball task.Emotion 11 6 (2011) 1425.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maital Neta and M\u00a0Justin Kim. 2023. Surprise as an emotion: A response to Ortony. Perspectives on Psychological Science 18 4 (2023) 854\u2013862.","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916221132789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marret\u00a0K. Noordewier and Seger\u00a0M. Breugelmans. 2013. On the valence of surprise. Cognition & Emotion 27 (2013) 1326 \u2013 1334. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:27500262","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.777660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marret\u00a0K Noordewier and Seger\u00a0M Breugelmans. 2013. On the valence of surprise. Cognition & emotion 27 7 (2013) 1326\u20131334.","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.777660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brian Parkinson. 2023. Cross-cultural calibration of words and emotions: Referential constructionist and pragmatic perspectives. Emotion Review 15 4 (2023) 348\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1177\/17540739231182680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Catherine Prado David Mellor Linda\u00a0K. Byrne Christopher Wilson Xiaoyan Xu and Hong Liu. 2014. Facial emotion recognition: a cross-cultural comparison of Chinese Chinese living in Australia and Anglo-Australians. Motivation and Emotion 38 3 (June 2014) 420\u2013428. 10.1007\/s11031-013-9383-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-013-9383-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","unstructured":"Prolific. 2025. Prolific | Quickly find research participants you can trust. Retrieved Oct 1 2025 from https:\/\/www.prolific.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I\u00a0Michael Revina and WR\u00a0Sam Emmanuel. 2021. A survey on human face expression recognition techniques. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences 33 6 (2021) 619\u2013628.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2018.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Annie Roy-Charland Melanie Perron Olivia Beaudry and Kaylee Eady. 2014. Confusion of fear and surprise: A test of the perceptual-attentional limitation hypothesis with eye movement monitoring. Cognition and Emotion 28 7 (2014) 1214\u20131222. arXiv:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2013.87868710.1080\/02699931.2013.878687PMID: 24460373.","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.878687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James\u00a0A Russell. 1980. A circumplex model of affect.Journal of personality and social psychology 39 6 (1980) 1161.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muhammad Sajjad Mansoor Nasir Fath U\u00a0Min Ullah Khan Muhammad Arun\u00a0Kumar Sangaiah and Sung\u00a0Wook Baik. 2019. Raspberry Pi assisted facial expression recognition framework for smart security in law-enforcement services. Information Sciences 479 (2019) 416\u2013431.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jean\u00a0Y Song Raymond Fok Juho Kim and Walter\u00a0S Lasecki. 2019. FourEyes: Leveraging Tool Diversity as a Means to Improve Aggregate Accuracy in Crowdsourcing. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) 10 1 (2019) 1\u201330.","DOI":"10.1145\/3237188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3172944.3172948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610661.3616240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN48605.2020.9207494"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3701716.3715556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiaoqian Yan Timothy\u00a0J Andrews and Andrew\u00a0W Young. 2016. Cultural similarities and differences in perceiving and recognizing facial expressions of basic emotions.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 42 3 (2016) 423.","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tongyun Yang Bishwas Regmi Lingyu Du Andreas Bulling Xucong Zhang and Guohao Lan. 2025. Through the Eyes of Emotion: A Multi-faceted Eye Tracking Dataset for Emotion Recognition in Virtual Reality. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 9 3 (2025) 1\u201341.","DOI":"10.1145\/3749545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715336.3735822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_80_2","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","author":"Zadeh Amir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amir Zadeh, Yao\u00a0Chong Lim, and Louis-Philippe Morency. 2018. Openface 2.0: facial behavior analysis toolkit tadas baltru\u0161aitis. In IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Junyao Zhang Wataru Sato Naoya Kawamura Koh Shimokawa Budu Tang and Yuichi Nakamura. 2024. Sensing emotional valence and arousal dynamics through automated facial action unit analysis. Scientific Reports 14 1 (Aug. 2024) 19563. 10.1038\/s41598-024-70563-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70563-8"}],"event":{"name":"IUI '26: 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","location":"Paphos Cyprus","acronym":"IUI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T12:55:42Z","timestamp":1773492942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3742413.3789169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3742413.3789169","10.1145\/3742413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3742413.3789169","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}