{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T19:18:18Z","timestamp":1767035898400,"version":"3.48.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":39,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3742875.3754685","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T18:13:02Z","timestamp":1767031982000},"page":"16-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitigation of Cyber-physical Attacks in Industry 4.0 using Secure Function Blocks"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8632-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steph","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3488-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammond","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9654-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Partha","family":"Roop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2016.104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2017.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2016.7733636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-46681-0_51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"John Conway. 2020. IEC 61499: The Industrial Automation Standard for Portability that Unleashes Industry 4.0."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2016.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS48405.2020.9274713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Detection of Event-Based Covert Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems. In 2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 920\u2013925","author":"Eslami Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali Eslami and Khashayar Khorasani. 2023. Detection of Event-Based Covert Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems. In 2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE, 920\u2013925."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC.2019.8814689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"A process algebra for timed systems. Information and computation 117, 2","author":"Hennessy Matthew","year":"1995","unstructured":"Matthew Hennessy and Tim Regan. 1995. A process algebra for timed systems. Information and computation 117, 2 (1995), 221\u2013239."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2046322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"2003","article-title":"61131-3: Programmable controllers-part 3: Programming languages. International Standard, Second Edition, International Electrotechnical Commission","volume":"1","author":"Iec IEC","year":"2003","unstructured":"IEC Iec. 2003. 61131-3: Programmable controllers-part 3: Programming languages. International Standard, Second Edition, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva 1 (2003), 2003.","journal-title":"Geneva"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT46573.2021.9453685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Hugo Daniel Macedo, Steve Schneider, Peter WV Tran-J\u00f8rgensen, and James Woodcock.","author":"Kulik Tomas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tomas Kulik, Brijesh Dongol, Peter Gorm Larsen, Hugo Daniel Macedo, Steve Schneider, Peter WV Tran-J\u00f8rgensen, and James Woodcock. 2022. A survey of practical formal methods for security. Formal aspects of computing 34, 1 (2022), 1\u201339."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2016.2565379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"To kill a centrifuge: A technical analysis of what stuxnet's creators tried to achieve","author":"Langner Ralph","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ralph Langner. 2013. To kill a centrifuge: A technical analysis of what stuxnet's creators tried to achieve. The Langner Group 37 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3546579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"RM Lee MJ Assante and T Conway. 2014. German steel mill cyber attack. Industrial Control Systems."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2017.2648508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3144337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Preprints of the 1st workshop on Secure Control Systems","volume":"1","author":"Mo Yilin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yilin Mo and Bruno Sinopoli. 2010. False data injection attacks in control systems. In Preprints of the 1st workshop on Secure Control Systems, Vol. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2014.2350231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2015.2498708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Turning Up the Heat: 2022's Biggest Hacks. ITNOW 64, 4","author":"O'Connor Patrick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patrick O'Connor. 2022. Turning Up the Heat: 2022's Biggest Hacks. ITNOW 64, 4 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3246121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2535119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2945520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126500"},{"volume-title":"Detection of covert attacks on cyber-physical systems by extending the system dynamics with an auxiliary system. In 2017 IEEE 56th annual conference on decision and control (CDC)","author":"Schellenberger Christian","key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Christian Schellenberger and Ping Zhang. 2017. Detection of covert attacks on cyber-physical systems by extending the system dynamics with an auxiliary system. In 2017 IEEE 56th annual conference on decision and control (CDC). IEEE, 1374\u20131379."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Mobile robots. Robotics: Modelling, Planning and Control","author":"Siciliano Bruno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bruno Siciliano, Lorenzo Sciavicco, Luigi Villani, and Giuseppe Oriolo. 2009. Mobile robots. Robotics: Modelling, Planning and Control (2009), 469\u2013521."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2496262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Cyberattack and Machine-Induced Fault Detection and Isolation Methodologies for Cyber-Physical Systems","author":"Taheri Mahdi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahdi Taheri, Khashayar Khorasani, Iman Shames, and Nader Meskin. 2023. Cyberattack and Machine-Induced Fault Detection and Isolation Methodologies for Cyber-Physical Systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2014.10.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2009.934796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Now that's smart! IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 1, 4","author":"Vyatkin Valeriy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valeriy Vyatkin, Zoran Salcic, Partha S Roop, and John Fitzgerald. 2007. Now that's smart! IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 1, 4 (2007), 17\u201329."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Juan Bicarregui, and John Fitzgerald.","author":"Woodcock Jim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jim Woodcock, Peter Gorm Larsen, Juan Bicarregui, and John Fitzgerald. 2009. Formal methods: Practice and experience. ACM computing surveys (CSUR) 41, 4 (2009), 1\u201336."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2009.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2015.2462741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2013.2279896"}],"event":{"name":"MEMOCODE '25: International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design","sponsor":["SIGDA ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation","SIGBED ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems","IEEE CAS","IEEE CEDA"],"location":"Taipei International Convention Center (TICC) Taipei Taiwan","acronym":"MEMOCODE '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the International Symposium on Formal Methods and Models for System Design"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3742875.3754685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T19:15:52Z","timestamp":1767035752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3742875.3754685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3742875.3754685","10.1145\/3742875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3742875.3754685","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}