{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:11:00Z","timestamp":1780495860262,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":83,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3744257.3744270","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T08:57:43Z","timestamp":1760518663000},"page":"172-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["LLMs for Accessibility in Mobile Apps: Detection and Repair"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6700-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wajdi","family":"Aljedaani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5872-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo M.","family":"Eler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, University of S\u00e3o Paulo,, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3796-3383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3298-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsook","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3192714.3192834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20040-4_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Meta AI. 2024. Llama 3.1-70B Model Card. https:\/\/huggingface.co\/meta-llama\/Llama-3.1-70B Accessed: 2025-02-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3677846.3677857"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asmaa\u00a0Mansour Alghamdi Wajdi Aljedaani Hamed Jalali Stephanie Ludi and Marcelo\u00a0M Eler. 2024. Understanding developer challenges and trends in web accessibility: a stack overflow analysis. Universal Access in the Information Society (2024) 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-024-01174-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDMA61895.2025.00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Wajdi Aljedaani. 2025. Evaluating the accessibility of E-government websites in the United States: empirical evidence and insights. Universal Access in the Information Society (2025) 1\u201322."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3677846.3677864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641554.3701841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3677846.3677854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641554.3701838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641554.3701839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3677846.3677859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDMA61895.2025.00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3549118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Android. 2025. Espresso: Android Developers. Google. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/espresso. [Accessed 07-03-2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Jinat ARAa and SL Cecilia. 2022. Artificial intelligence in web accessibility: potentials and possible challenges. Proceedings of IAC (2022) 173."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Chetan Arora Ahnaf\u00a0Ibn Sayeed Sherlock Licorish Fanyu Wang and Christoph Treude. 2024. Optimizing Large Language Model Hyperparameters for Code Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.10577 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3282894.3282921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643785.3648489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tingting Bi Xin Xia David Lo John Grundy Thomas Zimmermann and Denae Ford. 2022. Accessibility in Software Practice: A Practitioner\u2019s Perspective. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (05 2022). 10.1145\/3503508","DOI":"10.1145\/3503508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Billi Laura Burzagli Tiziana Catarci Giuseppe Santucci Enrico Bertini Francesco Gabbanini and Enrico Palchetti. 2010. A unified methodology for the evaluation of accessibility and usability of mobile applications. Universal Access in the Information Society 9 (2010) 337\u2013356.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-009-0180-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Tom Brown Benjamin Mann Nick Ryder Melanie Subbiah Jared\u00a0D Kaplan Prafulla Dhariwal Arvind Neelakantan Pranav Shyam Girish Sastry Amanda Askell et\u00a0al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 1877\u20131901."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Mark Chen Jerry Tworek Heewoo Jun Qiming Yuan Henrique Ponde De\u00a0Oliveira Pinto Jared Kaplan Harri Edwards Yuri Burda Nicholas Joseph Greg Brockman et\u00a0al. 2021. Evaluating large language models trained on code. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2107.03374 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen Chen Chunyang Chen Lingling Fan Mingming Fan Xian Zhan and Yang Liu. 2021. Accessible or not? an empirical investigation of android app accessibility. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 48 10 (2021) 3954\u20133968.","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3108162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sen Chen Chunyang Chen Lingling Fan Mingming Fan Xian Zhan and Yang Liu. 2022. Accessible or Not? An Empirical Investigation of Android App Accessibility. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 48 10 (2022) 3954\u20133968. 10.1109\/TSE.2021.3108162","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3108162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Xiang Chen Chaoyang Gao Chunyang Chen Guangbei Zhang and Yong Liu. 2024. An Empirical Study on Challenges for OpenAI Developers. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.05002 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468581"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3425174.3425209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"Google DeepMind. 2024. Gemini 1.0 Pro Model Card. https:\/\/ai.google.dev\/gemini-api\/docs\/models\/gemini#gemini-1.5-pro Accessed: 2025-02-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC51664.2024.10454680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3638067.3638081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2018.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0L Fleiss Bruce Levin Myunghee\u00a0Cho Paik et\u00a0al. 1981. The measurement of interrater agreement. Statistical methods for rates and proportions 2 212-236 (1981) 22\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"Google. 2018. google\/Accessibility-Test-Framework-for-Android. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/Accessibility-Test-Framework-for-Android. [Accessed 07-03-2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Google. 2025. Improve your code with lint checks. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/write\/lint?hl=en. [Accessed 07-03-2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594368.2594390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","unstructured":"Sabrina Haque and Christoph Csallner. 2024. Inferring Alt-text For UI Icons With Large Language Models During App Development. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.18060 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xinyi Hou Yanjie Zhao Yue Liu Zhou Yang Kailong Wang Li Li Xiapu Luo David Lo John Grundy and Haoyu Wang. 2024. Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 33 8 Article 220 (Dec. 2024) 79\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3695988","DOI":"10.1145\/3695988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","unstructured":"Xinyi Hou Yanjie Zhao and Haoyu Wang. 2024. Voices from the Frontier: A Comprehensive Analysis of the OpenAI Developer Forum. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.01687 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"Calista Huang Alyssa Ma Suchir Vyasamudri Eugenie Puype Sayem Kamal Juan\u00a0Belza Garcia Salar Cheema and Michael Lutz. 2024. ACCESS: Prompt Engineering for Automated Web Accessibility Violation Corrections. ArXiv abs\/2401.16450 (2024). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:267320836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei Huang Weijiang Yu Weitao Ma Weihong Zhong Zhangyin Feng Haotian Wang Qianglong Chen Weihua Peng Xiaocheng Feng Bing Qin et\u00a0al. 2025. A survey on hallucination in large language models: Principles taxonomy challenges and open questions. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 43 2 (2025) 1\u201355.","DOI":"10.1145\/3703155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3560107.3560175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626252.3630927"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarald\u00a0O Kv\u00e5lseth. 1989. Note on Cohen\u2019s kappa. Psychological reports 65 1 (1989) 223\u2013226.","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1989.65.1.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manoel Victor\u00a0Rodrigues Leite Lilian\u00a0Passos Scatalon Andr\u00e9\u00a0Pimenta Freire and Marcelo\u00a0Medeiros Eler. 2021. Accessibility in the mobile development industry in Brazil: Awareness knowledge adoption motivations and barriers. Journal of Systems and Software 177 (2021) 110942. 10.1016\/j.jss.2021.110942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.110942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juan-Miguel L\u00f3pez-Gil and Juanan Pereira. 2024. Turning manual web accessibility success criteria into automatic: an LLM-based approach. Universal Access in the Information Society (2024) 1\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-024-01108-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Juan-Miguel L\u00f3pez-Gil and Juanan Pereira. 2024. Turning manual web accessibility success criteria into automatic: an LLM-based approach. Universal Access in the Information Society (2024). 10.1007\/s10209-024-01108-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-024-01108-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","first-page":"387","volume-title":"International conference on data intelligence and cognitive informatics","author":"Marvin Ggaliwango","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ggaliwango Marvin, Nakayiza Hellen, Daudi Jjingo, and Joyce Nakatumba-Nabende. 2023. Prompt engineering in large language models. In International conference on data intelligence and cognitive informatics. Springer, 387\u2013402."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Forough Mehralian Titus Barik Jeff Nichols and Amanda Swearngin. 2024. Automated Code Fix Suggestions for Accessibility Issues in Mobile Apps. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.03827\u00a0[cs.SE] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2408.03827"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","unstructured":"Forough Mehralian Titus Barik Jeff Nichols and Amanda Swearngin. 2024. Automated Code Fix Suggestions for Accessibility Issues in Mobile Apps. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2408.03827 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICONS.2007.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3663548.3688513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peya Mowar Yi-Hao Peng Jason Wu Aaron Steinfeld and Jeffrey\u00a0P Bigham. 2025. CodeA11y: Making AI Coding Assistants Useful for Accessible Web Development. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2502.10884 (2025).","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberto Dumont\u00a0Alves Oliveira Paulo Sergio\u00a0Henrique dos Santos Wajdi Aljedaani and Marcelo\u00a0Medeiros Eler. 2024. Exploring the Influence of Software Evolution on Mobile App Accessibility: Insights from User Reviews. Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society 30 1 (2024) 584\u2013607.","DOI":"10.5753\/jbcs.2024.4321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"OpenAI. 2024. GPT-4o Model Card. https:\/\/platform.openai.com\/docs\/models#gpt-4o Accessed: 2025-02-19."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Achraf Othman Amira Dhouib and Aljazi Nasser Al\u00a0Jabor. 2023. Fostering websites accessibility: A case study on the use of the Large Language Models ChatGPT for automatic remediation(PETRA \u201923). Association for Computing Machinery New York NY USA 707\u2013713. 10.1145\/3594806.3596542","DOI":"10.1145\/3594806.3596542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3594806.3596542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","unstructured":"Shuyin Ouyang Jie\u00a0M Zhang Mark Harman and Meng Wang. 2024. An Empirical Study of the Non-determinism of ChatGPT in Code Generation. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","unstructured":"Eeva-Jonna Panula. 2024. Towards More Accessible Android Applications: An Actionable Accessibility Checklist for Android Developers. (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SysCoBIoTS48768.2019.9028034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACDOT.2016.7877733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cynthia Putnam Emma\u00a0J. Rose and Craig\u00a0M. MacDonald. 2023. \u201cIt Could Be Better. It Could Be Much Worse\u201d: Understanding Accessibility in User Experience Practice with Implications for Industry and Education. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 16 1 Article 9 (mar 2023) 25\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3575662","DOI":"10.1145\/3575662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","unstructured":"G Ravichandran and J Sujathamalini. [n.d.]. A STUDY ON MOBILE ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES FOR ENHANCING STUDENTS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT. Education Dynamics ([n. d.])."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"Accessibility Scanner. 2024. Accessibility Scanner - Apps on Google Play \u2014 play.google.com. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.google.android.apps.accessibility.auditor&hl=en. [Accessed 06-03-2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3218585.3218673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3650212.3652113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","unstructured":"Can Wang Bolin Zhang Dianbo Sui Zhiying Tu Xiaoyu Liu and Jiabao Kang. 2024. A survey on effective invocation methods of massive llm services. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2402.03408 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","volume-title":"WebAIM Million - The 2024 report on the accessibility of the top 1,000,000 home pages","year":"2024","unstructured":"WebAIM. 2024. WebAIM Million - The 2024 report on the accessibility of the top 1,000,000 home pages. https:\/\/webaim.org\/projects\/million\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","unstructured":"Jason Wei Xuezhi Wang Dale Schuurmans Maarten Bosma Fei Xia Ed Chi Quoc\u00a0V Le Denny Zhou et\u00a0al. 2022. Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models. Advances in neural information processing systems 35 (2022) 24824\u201324837."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","unstructured":"Jules White Quchen Fu Sam Hays Michael Sandborn Carlos Olea Henry Gilbert Ashraf Elnashar Jesse Spencer-Smith and Douglas\u00a0C Schmidt. 2023. A prompt pattern catalog to enhance prompt engineering with chatgpt. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2302.11382 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shunguo Yan and P.\u00a0G. Ramachandran. 2019. The Current Status of Accessibility in Mobile Apps. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 12 1 Article 3 (Feb. 2019) 31\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3300176","DOI":"10.1145\/3300176"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","unstructured":"Yaman Yu Bektur Ryskeldiev Ayaka Tsutsui Matthew Gillingham and Yang Wang. 2025. From Cluttered to Clear: Improving the Web Accessibility Design for Screen Reader Users in E-commerce With Generative AI. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2502.18701 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","unstructured":"Danyang Zhang Zhennan Shen Rui Xie Situo Zhang Tianbao Xie Zihan Zhao Siyuan Chen Lu Chen Hongshen Xu Ruisheng Cao et\u00a0al. 2024. MobileEnv: Building Qualified Evaluation Benchmarks for LLM-GUI Interaction."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","unstructured":"Wayne\u00a0Xin Zhao Kun Zhou Junyi Li Tianyi Tang Xiaolei Wang Yupeng Hou Yingqian Min Beichen Zhang Junjie Zhang Zican Dong et\u00a0al. 2023. A survey of large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.18223 (2023)."}],"event":{"name":"W4A '25: The 22nd International Web for All Conference","location":"Sydney Australia","acronym":"W4A '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 22nd International Web for All Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3744257.3744270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T09:27:14Z","timestamp":1760520434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3744257.3744270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3744257.3744270","10.1145\/3744257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3744257.3744270","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}