{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:13:49Z","timestamp":1780060429133,"version":"3.54.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":68,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3745756.3809186","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:52:21Z","timestamp":1780059141000},"page":"14-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Needle in a Haystack: Tracking UAVs from Massive Noise in Real-World 5G-A Base Station Data"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4285-1905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengzhen","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2330-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8349-8720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6368-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoran","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Sunnyvale, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0877-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dequan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5524-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1515-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, HeFei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3711875.3729156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s44147-025-00582-3","article-title":"UAV swarms: research, challenges, and future directions","volume":"72","author":"Alqudsi Yunes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yunes Alqudsi and Murat Makaraci. 2025. UAV swarms: research, challenges, and future directions. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 72, 1 (2025), 12.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Key Technologies for Low-Altitude Sensing in 5G-A Integrated Communication and Sensing Networks","volume":"41","author":"Binyue LIU","year":"2025","unstructured":"LIU Binyue, YANG Jianqiang, XU Bo, WANG Bolei, and CAI Hua. 2025. Key Technologies for Low-Altitude Sensing in 5G-A Integrated Communication and Sensing Networks. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING 41, 5 (2025), 787\u2013806.","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2203\u20132208","author":"Chen Jiabin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiabin Chen, Wupeng Xie, Chaowei Wang, Mingliang Pang, Fan Jiang, and Lexi Xu. 2024. Resilient Massive Access assisted ISAC in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2203\u20132208."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3373411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3701716.3715214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 17081\u201317091","author":"Chu Xiaomeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiaomeng Chu, Jiajun Deng, Guoliang You, Yifan Duan, Houqiang Li, and Yanyong Zhang. 2025. RaCFormer: Towards High-Quality 3D Object Detection via Query-based Radar-Camera Fusion. In Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference. 17081\u201317091."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"The mahalanobis distance. Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 50, 1","author":"Maesschalck Roy De","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roy De Maesschalck, Delphine Jouan-Rimbaud, and D\u00e9sir\u00e9 L Massart. 2000. The mahalanobis distance. Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 50, 1 (2000), 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"DJI. 2022. DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Series. [Online]. https:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic-3-enterprise."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS47612.2022.9981566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Hyundong Shin, and Michail Matthaiou.","author":"Elfiatoure Mohamed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohamed Elfiatoure, Mohammadali Mohammadi, Hien Quoc Ngo, Hyundong Shin, and Michail Matthaiou. 2025. Multiple-target detection in cell-free massive MIMO-assisted ISAC. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Martin Ester Hans-Peter Kriegel J\u00f6rg Sander Xiaowei Xu et al. 1996. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. In kdd Vol. 96. 226\u2013231."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC). IEEE, 2667\u20132673","author":"Griebel Thomas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomas Griebel, Dominik Authaler, Markus Horn, Matti Henning, Michael Buchholz, and Klaus Dietmayer. 2021. Anomaly detection in radar data using PointNets. In 2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC). IEEE, 2667\u20132673."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXIII","author":"Hammer Marcus","unstructured":"Marcus Hammer, Marcus Hebel, Bj\u00f6rn Borgmann, Martin Laurenzis, and Michael Arens. 2018. Potential of lidar sensors for the detection of UAVs. In Laser Radar Technology and Applications XXIII, Vol. 10636. SPIE, 39\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3636534.3690658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3680207.3765237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"A class of invariant consistent tests for multivariate normality. Communications in statistics-Theory and Methods 19, 10","author":"Henze Norbert","year":"1990","unstructured":"Norbert Henze and Bernd Zirkler. 1990. A class of invariant consistent tests for multivariate normality. Communications in statistics-Theory and Methods 19, 10 (1990), 3595\u20133617."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3397312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3335338","article-title":"Anti-UAV410: A thermal infrared benchmark and customized scheme for tracking drones in the wild","volume":"46","author":"Huang Bo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bo Huang, Jianan Li, Junjie Chen, Gang Wang, Jian Zhao, and Tingfa Xu. 2023. Anti-UAV410: A thermal infrared benchmark and customized scheme for tracking drones in the wild. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 46, 5 (2023), 2852\u20132865.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Huawei. 2024. Intelligence + 5G-A: Elevating Connectivity Beyond Boundaries. Technical Report. https:\/\/www-file.huawei.com\/admin\/asset\/v1\/pro\/view\/d862bd7c8ce943d09e48dd56acd4cac5.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Huawei. 2025. Cloud Core Network. [Online]. https:\/\/carrier.huawei.com\/en\/products\/core-network."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570361.3613264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"IMT-2020(5G). 2025. Research Report on Sensing Signal Processing Technologies. [Online]. https:\/\/www.cww.net.cn\/article?id=600974."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Intel. 2021. i5-11500. [Online]. https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/products\/sku\/212277\/intel-core-i511500-processor-12m-cache-up-to-4-60-ghz\/specifications.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems. Pattern recognition 38, 12","author":"Jain Anil","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anil Jain, Karthik Nandakumar, and Arun Ross. 2005. Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems. Pattern recognition 38, 12 (2005), 2270\u20132285."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"2017 18th International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 1\u20138.","author":"Klare Jens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jens Klare, Oliver Biallawons, and Delphine Cerutti-Maori. 2017. UAV detection with MIMO radar. In 2017 18th International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 1\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 1493\u20131499","author":"Kopp Johannes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johannes Kopp, Dominik Kellner, Aldi Piroli, and Klaus Dietmayer. 2023. Tackling Clutter in Radar Data-Label Generation and Detection Using PointNet++. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 1493\u20131499."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"The Hungarian method for the assignment problem. Naval research logistics quarterly 2, 1\u20132","author":"Kuhn Harold W","year":"1955","unstructured":"Harold W Kuhn. 1955. The Hungarian method for the assignment problem. Naval research logistics quarterly 2, 1\u20132 (1955), 83\u201397."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Joint Target Assignment and Resource Allocation for Multi-Base Station Cooperative ISAC in UAV Detection","author":"Li Ruotong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruotong Li, Qixun Zhang, Dingyou Ma, Kan Yu, and Yuzhen Huang. 2025. Joint Target Assignment and Resource Allocation for Multi-Base Station Cooperative ISAC in UAV Detection. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2024.3387700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Wireless and Satellite Systems. Springer, 245\u2013262","author":"Lin Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Lin, Zhaopeng Du, Lin Mei, and Ruoyu Zhang. 2024. Integrated Sensing and Communications: A Survey of Recent Progress Toward 5G-A and 6G. In International Conference on Wireless and Satellite Systems. Springer, 245\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Key Technologies for Low-Altitude Sensing in 5G-A Integrated Communication and Sensing Networks","volume":"41","author":"Liu Binyue","year":"2025","unstructured":"Binyue Liu, Jianqiang Yang, Bo Xu, Bolei Wang, and Hua Cai. 2025. Key Technologies for Low-Altitude Sensing in 5G-A Integrated Communication and Sensing Networks. Journal of Signal Processing 41, 5 (2025), 787\u2013806.","journal-title":"Journal of Signal Processing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Carrier aggregation enabled MIMO-OFDM integrated sensing and communication","author":"Liu Haotian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haotian Liu, Zhiqing Wei, Jinghui Piao, Huici Wu, Xingwang Li, and Zhiyong Feng. 2025. Carrier aggregation enabled MIMO-OFDM integrated sensing and communication. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Deep learning based multi-node ISAC 4D environmental reconstruction with uplink-downlink cooperation","author":"Lu Bohao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bohao Lu, Zhiqing Wei, Huici Wu, Xinrui Zeng, Lin Wang, Xi Lu, Dongyang Mei, and Zhiyong Feng. 2024. Deep learning based multi-node ISAC 4D environmental reconstruction with uplink-downlink cooperation. IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"2024 10th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 1288\u20131292","author":"Lu Fangkai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fangkai Lu, Zhen Huang, Yongqiang Li, Xiaofeng Song, Xutao Shi, and Yanfei Wang. 2024. Intergrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) in 5G-Advanced for High-Precison Localization and Tracking of Vessels at Sea. In 2024 10th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 1288\u20131292."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). IEEE","author":"Lu Xi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xi Lu, Zhiqing Wei, Ruizhong Xu, Lin Wang, Bohao Lu, and Jinghui Piao. 2024. Integrated sensing and communication enabled multiple base stations cooperative UAV detection. In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). IEEE, 1882\u20131887."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Technologies, Standardizations, Prototypes and Testbeds","author":"Luo Xuewen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xuewen Luo, Qingfeng Lin, Ruoyu Zhang, Hsiao-Hwa Chen, Xingwei Wang, and Min Huang. 2025. ISAC-A Survey on Its Layered Architecture, Technologies, Standardizations, Prototypes and Testbeds. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2024.3377562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3749471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicles applications in future smart cities. Technological forecasting and social change 153","author":"Mohamed Nader","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nader Mohamed, Jameela Al-Jaroodi, Imad Jawhar, Ahmed Idries, and Farhan Mohammed. 2020. Unmanned aerial vehicles applications in future smart cities. Technological forecasting and social change 153 (2020), 119293."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2024.3417271","article-title":"Self UAV localization using multiple base stations based on TDoA measurements","volume":"13","author":"Motie Samaneh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samaneh Motie, Hadi Zayyani, Mohammad Salman, and Mehdi Bekrani. 2024. Self UAV localization using multiple base stations based on TDoA measurements. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 13, 9 (2024), 2432\u20132436.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"1242","article-title":"3D object detection and tracking based on lidar-camera fusion and IMM-UKF algorithm towards highway driving","volume":"7","author":"Nie Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang Nie, Zhiyang Ju, Zhifeng Sun, and Hui Zhang. 2023. 3D object detection and tracking based on lidar-camera fusion and IMM-UKF algorithm towards highway driving. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence 7, 4 (2023), 1242\u20131252.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST). IEEE, 1\u20136.","author":"Poitevin Pierre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pierre Poitevin, Michel Pelletier, and Patrick Lamontagne. 2017. Challenges in detecting UAS with radar. In 2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST). IEEE, 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space. Advances in neural information processing systems 30","author":"Qi Charles Ruizhongtai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Charles Ruizhongtai Qi, Li Yi, Hao Su, and Leonidas J Guibas. 2017. Pointnet++: Deep hierarchical feature learning on point sets in a metric space. Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2421482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Hybrid deep reinforcement learning for enhancing localization and communication efficiency in RIS-aided cooperative ISAC systems","author":"Saikia Prajwalita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prajwalita Saikia, Keshav Singh, Wan-Jen Huang, and Trung Q Duong. 2024. Hybrid deep reinforcement learning for enhancing localization and communication efficiency in RIS-aided cooperative ISAC systems. IEEE internet of things journal 11, 18 (2024), 29494\u201329510."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010125","article-title":"Advances and challenges in drone detection and classification techniques: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"24","author":"Seidaliyeva Ulzhalgas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ulzhalgas Seidaliyeva, Lyazzat Ilipbayeva, Kyrmyzy Taissariyeva, Nurzhigit Smailov, and Eric T Matson. 2023. Advances and challenges in drone detection and classification techniques: A state-of-the-art review. Sensors 24, 1 (2023), 125.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/551283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30","author":"Vaswani Ashish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N Gomez, \u0141ukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. Advances in neural information processing systems 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8090518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep learning-based UAV detection in pulse-Doppler radar","volume":"60","author":"Wang Chenxing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chenxing Wang, Jiangmin Tian, Jiuwen Cao, and Xiaohong Wang. 2021. Deep learning-based UAV detection in pulse-Doppler radar. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 60 (2021), 1\u201312.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3678552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2905788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15185","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3410352","article-title":"Multiple reference signals collaborative sensing for integrated sensing and communication system towards 5G-A and 6G","volume":"73","author":"Wei Zhiqing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhiqing Wei, Fengyun Li, Haotian Liu, Xu Chen, Huici Wu, Kaifeng Han, and Zhiyong Feng. 2024. Multiple reference signals collaborative sensing for integrated sensing and communication system towards 5G-A and 6G. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 73, 10 (2024), 15185\u201315199.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3235618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2019.2912815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3322851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3414610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3088681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning-Based Beam Selection for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems","author":"Yang Ruming","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruming Yang, Xingkang Li, Yongming Huang, Luxi Yang, and Wei Zhang. 2025. Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning-Based Beam Selection for Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"2023 20th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON). IEEE, 267\u2013275","author":"Zhang Jia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia Zhang, Xin Na, Rui Xi, Yimiao Sun, and Yuan He. 2023. mmHawkeye: Passive UAV detection with a COTS mmWave radar. In 2023 20th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON). IEEE, 267\u2013275."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25323","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3177627","article-title":"Vision-based anti-uav detection and tracking","volume":"23","author":"Zhao Jie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jie Zhao, Jingshu Zhang, Dongdong Li, and Dong Wang. 2022. Vision-based anti-uav detection and tracking. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 23, 12 (2022), 25323\u201325334.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Joint Target Localization and Data Detection in Bistatic ISAC Networks","author":"Zhao Na","year":"2024","unstructured":"Na Zhao, Qing Chang, Xiao Shen, Yunlong Wang, and Yuan Shen. 2024. Joint Target Localization and Data Detection in Bistatic ISAC Networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2389\u20132394","author":"Zhao Tianya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tianya Zhao, Ningning Wang, Shiwen Mao, and Xuyu Wang. 2024. Few-shot learning and data augmentation for cross-domain uav fingerprinting. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2389\u20132394."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Joint Target Detection and Channel Estimation for Distributed Massive MIMO ISAC Systems","author":"Zhou Lei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lei Zhou, Jisheng Dai, Weichao Xu, and Chunqi Chang. 2024. Joint Target Detection and Channel Estimation for Distributed Massive MIMO ISAC Systems. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicles based low-altitude economy with lifecycle techno-economic-environmental analysis for sustainable and smart cities. Journal of Cleaner Production","author":"Zhou Yuekuan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuekuan Zhou. 2025. Unmanned aerial vehicles based low-altitude economy with lifecycle techno-economic-environmental analysis for sustainable and smart cities. Journal of Cleaner Production (2025), 145050."}],"event":{"name":"MobiSys '26: 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services","location":"University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom","acronym":"MobiSys '26","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing","SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:58:25Z","timestamp":1780059505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3745756.3809186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3745756.3809186","10.1145\/3745756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3745756.3809186","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}