{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:10:21Z","timestamp":1781334621303,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":71,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3746059.3747609","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T07:49:12Z","timestamp":1758959352000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["3D Sketching + 2D Generative AI for Car Exterior Design"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2309-0702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Jun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5961-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongche","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3740-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Hyub","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DRB-KAIST SketchTheFuture Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7922-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seok-Hyung","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2261250.2261314"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487381.2487387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/199404.199429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erhan\u00a0Batuhan Arisoy Gunay Orbay and Levent\u00a0Burak Kara. 2012. Free form surface skinning of 3d curve clouds for conceptual shape design. J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 12 3 (2012) 13\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1622176.1622189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44842-X_71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikhail Bessmeltsev Caoyu Wang Alla Sheffer and Karan Singh. 2012. Design-driven quadrangulation of closed 3D curves. Trans. Graph. 31 6 Article 178 (2012) 11\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carole Bouchard Am\u00e9ziane Aoussat and Robert Duchamp. 2006. Role of sketching in conceptual design of car styling. J. Des. Res. 5 1 (2006) 116\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1504\/JDR.2006.010810"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1526229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Minglin Chen Weihao Yuan Yukun Wang Zhe Sheng Yisheng He Zilong Dong Liefeng Bo and Yulan Guo. 2024. Sketch2NeRF: multi-view sketch-guided text-to-3D generation. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2401.14257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"European Commission. 2025. EU classification of vehicle types. https:\/\/alternative-fuels-observatory.ec.europa.eu\/general-information\/vehicle-types. Accessed: 2025-04-08."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Xusheng Du Ruihan Gui Zhengyang Wang Ye Zhang and Haoran Xie. 2025. Multi-view depth consistent image generation using generative AI models: application on architectural design of university buildings. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2503.03068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"Curve: 15 Lezioni sul Car Design","author":"Filippini Fabio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fabio Filippini and Gabriele Ferraresi. 2021. Curve: 15 Lezioni sul Car Design. Rizzoli Lizard."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503376.503398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pat Hanrahan and Paul Haeberli. 1990. Direct WYSIWYG painting and texturing on 3D shapes. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph. 24 4 (1990) 215\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1145\/97880.97903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","first-page":"6840","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS \u201920","author":"Ho Jonathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jonathan Ho, Ajay Jain, and Pieter Abbeel. 2020. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models. In Proc. NeurIPS \u201920. 6840\u20136851."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fei Hou Chiyu Wang Wencheng Wang Hong Qin Chen Qian and Ying He. 2022. Iterative poisson surface reconstruction (iPSR) for unoriented points. Trans. Graph. 41 4 Article 128 (2022) 13\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhiyang Huang Nathan Carr and Tao Ju. 2019. Variational implicit point set surfaces. Trans. Graph. 38 4 Article 124 (2019) 13\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3322994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proc. SBIM \u201905","author":"Kallio Kiia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiia Kallio. 2005. 3D6B editor: projective 3D sketching with line-based rendering. In Proc. SBIM \u201905. 73\u201379."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levent\u00a0Burak Kara and Kenji Shimada. 2007. Sketch-based 3D-shape creation for industrial styling design. Comput. Graph. Appl. 27 1 (2007) 60\u201371.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2007.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Proc. SBM \u201904","author":"Karpenko Olga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Olga Karpenko, John\u00a0F. Hughes, and Ramesh Raskar. 2004. Epipolar methods for multi-view sketching. In Proc. SBM \u201904. 167\u2013173."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Proc. SGP \u201906","author":"Kazhdan Michael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michael Kazhdan, Matthew Bolitho, and Hugues Hoppe. 2006. Poisson surface reconstruction. In Proc. SGP \u201906. 61\u201370."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Kazhdan and Hugues Hoppe. 2013. Screened poisson surface reconstruction. Trans. Graph. 32 3 Article 29 (2013) 13\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/2487228.2487237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"Proc. CHI \u201918","author":"Kim Yongkwan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yongkwan Kim, Sang-Gyun An, Joon\u00a0Hyub Lee, and Seok-Hyung Bae. 2018. Agile 3D sketching with air scaffolding. In Proc. CHI \u201918. Article 238, 12\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","first-page":"7204","volume-title":"Proc. CVPR \u201924","author":"Koley Subhadeep","year":"2024","unstructured":"Subhadeep Koley, Ayan\u00a0Kumar Bhunia, Deeptanshu Sekhri, Aneeshan Sain, Pinaki\u00a0Nath Chowdhury, Tao Xiang, and Yi-Zhe Song. 2024. It\u2019s all about your sketch: democratising sketch control in diffusion models. In Proc. CVPR \u201924. 7204\u20137214."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joon\u00a0Hyub Lee Hanbit Kim and Seok-Hyung Bae. 2022. Rapid design of articulated objects. Trans. Graph. 41 4 Article 89 (2022) 8\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3681757.3697055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641517.3664382"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3526114.3558726"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3650988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"How to Design Cars Like a Pro","author":"Lewin Tony","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tony Lewin and Ryan Borroff. 2010. How to Design Cars Like a Pro. Motorbooks."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3672539.3686339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"H-Point: The Fundamentals of Car Design & Packaging","author":"Macey Stuart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stuart Macey and Geoff Wardle. 2014. H-Point: The Fundamentals of Car Design & Packaging. Design Studio Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","unstructured":"Chenlin Meng Yutong He Yang Song Jiaming Song Jiajun Wu Jun-Yan Zhu and Stefano Ermon. 2022. SDEdit: guided image synthesis and editing with stochastic differential equations. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2108.01073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Nealen Takeo Igarashi Olga Sorkine and Marc Alexa. 2007. FiberMesh: designing freeform surfaces with 3D curves. Trans. Graph. 26 3 (2007) 41\u201350.","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew Nealen Olga Sorkine Marc Alexa and Daniel Cohen-Or. 2005. A sketch-based interface for detail-preserving mesh editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 24 3 (2005) 1142\u20131147.","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","unstructured":"Alex Nichol Prafulla Dhariwal Aditya Ramesh Pranav Shyam Pamela Mishkin Bob McGrew Ilya Sutskever and Mark Chen. 2022. GLIDE: towards photorealistic image generation and editing with text-guided diffusion models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2112.10741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcnay Orbay and Levent\u00a0Burak Kara. 2012. Sketch-based surface design using malleable curve networks. Comput. Graph. 36 8 (2012) 916\u2013929.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2012.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao Pan Yang Liu Alla Sheffer Nicholas Vining Chang-Jian Li and Wenping Wang. 2015. Flow aligned surfacing of curve networks. Trans. Graph. 34 4 Article 127 (2015) 10\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/2766990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","volume-title":"Proc. NIPS \u201921","author":"Peng Songyou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Songyou Peng, Chiyu Jiang, Yiyi Liao, Michael Niemeyer, Marc Pollefeys, and Andreas Geiger. 2021. Shape as points: a differentiable poisson solver. In Proc. NIPS \u201921. Article 998, 13\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"Moreno\u00a0Attilio Piccolotto. 1998. Sketchpad+: Architectural Modeling Through Perspective Sketching on a Pen-Based Display. Master\u2019s thesis. Cornell University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Aditya Ramesh Prafulla Dhariwal Alex Nichol Casey Chu and Mark Chen. 2022. Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with CLIP latents. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2204.06125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"Gus Rick. 2025. Graphic artists in China push back on AI and its averaging effect. https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/ai-artificial-intelligence\/688645\/graphic-artists-china-ai. Accessed: 2025-06-27."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","volume-title":"How to Draw: Drawing and Sketching Objects and Environments from Your Imagination","author":"Robertson Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott Robertson and Thomas Bertling. 2013. How to Draw: Drawing and Sketching Objects and Environments from Your Imagination. Designstudio Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardia Sadri and Karan Singh. 2014. Flow-complex-based shape reconstruction from 3D curves. Trans. Graph. 33 2 Article 20 (2014) 15\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/2560328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","first-page":"36479","volume-title":"Proc. NeurIPS \u201922","author":"Saharia Chitwan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chitwan Saharia, William Chan, Saurabh Saxena, Lala Li, Jay Whang, Emily\u00a0L Denton, Kamyar Ghasemipour, Raphael\u00a0Gontijo Lopes, Burcu\u00a0Karagol Ayan, Tim Salimans, Jonathan Ho, David\u00a0J Fleet, and Mohammad Norouzi. 2022. Photorealistic text-to-image diffusion models with deep language understanding. In Proc. NeurIPS \u201922 , Vol.\u00a035. 36479\u201336494."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","unstructured":"Gravity Sketch. 2017. Gravity Sketch."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","unstructured":"Jiaming Song Chenlin Meng and Stefano Ermon. 2020. Denoising diffusion implicit models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2010.02502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1057432.1057456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proc. Eurographics \u201916","author":"Stanko Tibor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tibor Stanko, Stefanie Hahmann, Georges-Pierre Bonneau, and Nathalie Saguin-Sprynski. 2016. Smooth interpolation of curve networks with surface normals. In Proc. Eurographics \u201916. 21\u201324."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"Udin. 2024. Optic."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","unstructured":"Vizcom. 2023. Vizcom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"Qiang Wang Di Kong Fengyin Lin and Yonggang Qi. 2023. DiffSketching: sketch control image synthesis with diffusion models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.18812"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1450579.1450627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emilie Yu Rahul Arora J.\u00a0Andreas B\u00e6rentzen Karan Singh and Adrien Bousseau. 2022. Piecewise-smooth surface fitting onto unstructured 3D sketches. Trans. Graph. 41 4 Article 88 (2022) 16\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713686"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yixin Zhuang Ming Zou Nathan Carr and Tao Ju. 2013. A general and efficient method for finding cycles in 3D curve networks. Trans. Graph. 32 6 Article 180 (2013) 10\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508423"}],"event":{"name":"UIST '25: The 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","location":"Busan Republic of Korea","acronym":"UIST '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3746059.3747609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:08:20Z","timestamp":1759010900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3746059.3747609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3746059.3747609","10.1145\/3746059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3746059.3747609","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}