{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:22:18Z","timestamp":1781335338938,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":116,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3746059.3747710","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T07:49:12Z","timestamp":1758959352000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["POET: Supporting Prompting Creativity and Personalization with Automated Expansion of Text-to-Image Generation"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2873-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evans Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6407-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7271-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5364-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Pu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4933-1156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"IUI workshops","author":"Abuzuraiq Ahmed\u00a0M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed\u00a0M Abuzuraiq and Philippe Pasquier. 2024. Towards Personalizing Generative AI with Small Data for Co-Creation in the Visual Arts.. In IUI workshops."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3708359.3712150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nantheera Anantrasirichai and David Bull. 2022. Artificial intelligence in the creative industries: a review. Artificial intelligence review 55 1 (2022) 589\u2013656.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10039-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Mohammadreza Armandpour Ali Sadeghian Huangjie Zheng Amir Sadeghian and Mingyuan Zhou. 2023. Re-imagine the negative prompt algorithm: Transform 2d diffusion into 3d alleviate janus problem and beyond. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2304.04968 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kristin\u00a0A Bartlett and Jorge\u00a0D Camba. 2024. Generative artificial intelligence in product design education: Navigating concerns of originality and ethics. (2024).","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2024.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Stephen Brade Bryan Wang Mauricio Sousa Sageev Oore and Tovi Grossman. 2023. Promptify: Text-to-Image Generation through Interactive Prompt Exploration with Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2304.09337\u00a0[cs.HC] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2304.09337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3582269.3615596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0T Carter Jessica\u00a0M Forsyth Silvia\u00a0L Mazzula and Brandon Williams. 2017. The prevalence of discrimination across racial groups in contemporary America: Results from a nationally representative sample of adults. PloS one 12 8 (2017) e0183356. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0183356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3591196.3593515"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junming Chen Zichun Shao and Bin Hu. 2023. Generating interior design from text: A new diffusion model-based method for efficient creative design. Buildings 13 7 (2023) 1861.","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13071861"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Junsong Chen Yue Wu Simian Luo Enze Xie Sayak Paul Ping Luo Hang Zhao and Zhenguo Li. 2024. Pixart-{\\ delta} : Fast and controllable image generation with latent consistency models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2401.05252 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Zijie Chen Lichao Zhang Fangsheng Weng Lili Pan and Zhenzhong Lan. 2024. Tailored Visions: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation with Personalized Prompt Rewriting. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.08129\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2310.08129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marc Cheong Ehsan Abedin Marinus Ferreira Ritsaart Reimann Shalom Chalson Pamela Robinson Joanne Byrne Leah Ruppanner Mark Alfano and Colin Klein. 2024. Investigating Gender and Racial Biases in DALL-E Mini Images. ACM J. Responsib. Comput. 1 2 Article 13 (June 2024) 20\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3649883","DOI":"10.1145\/3649883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52729.2023.00276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","first-page":"429","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Chinchure Aditya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aditya Chinchure, Pushkar Shukla, Gaurav Bhatt, Kiri Salij, Kartik Hosanagar, Leonid Sigal, and Matthew Turk. 2024. Tibet: Identifying and evaluating biases in text-to-image generative models. In European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, 429\u2013446."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642794"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Victoria Clarke and Virginia Braun. 2013. Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The psychologist 26 2 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vittoria Dentella Fritz G\u00fcnther and Evelina Leivada. 2023. Systematic testing of three Language Models reveals low language accuracy absence of response stability and a yes-response bias. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120 51 (2023) e2309583120.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2309583120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Moreno D\u2019Inc\u00e0 Elia Peruzzo Massimiliano Mancini Dejia Xu Vidit Goel Xingqian Xu Zhangyang Wang Humphrey Shi and Nicu Sebe. 2024. OpenBias: Open-set Bias Detection in Text-to-Image Generative Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2404.07990\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2404.07990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marco Donnarumma. 2022. Against the norm: othering and otherness in AI aesthetics. Digital Culture & Society 8 2 (2022) 39\u201366.","DOI":"10.14361\/dcs-2022-0205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Xianzhe Fan Qing Xiao Xuhui Zhou Jiaxin Pei Maarten Sap Zhicong Lu and Hong Shen. 2024. User-Driven Value Alignment: Understanding Users\u2019 Perceptions and Strategies for Addressing Biased and Discriminatory Statements in AI Companions. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.00862 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Rinon Gal Yuval Alaluf Yuval Atzmon Or Patashnik Amit\u00a0H Bermano Gal Chechik and Daniel Cohen-Or. 2022. An image is worth one word: Personalizing text-to-image generation using textual inversion. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2208.01618 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sourojit Ghosh and Aylin Caliskan. 2023. \u2019Person\u2019== Light-skinned Western Man and Sexualization of Women of Color: Stereotypes in Stable Diffusion. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2310.19981 (2023).","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"Xu Han Linghao Jin Xiaofeng Liu and Paul\u00a0Pu Liang. 2024. Progressive compositionality in text-to-image generative models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2410.16719 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","series-title":"(NIPS \u201923)","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Hao Yaru","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yaru Hao, Zewen Chi, Li Dong, and Furu Wei. 2023. Optimizing prompts for text-to-image generation. In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (NIPS \u201923). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, Article 2923, 17\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catherine\u00a0E Harnois Jo\u00e3o\u00a0L Bastos Mary\u00a0E Campbell and Verna\u00a0M Keith. 2019. Measuring perceived mistreatment across diverse social groups: An evaluation of the Everyday Discrimination Scale. Social Science & Medicine 232 (2019) 298\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jochen Hartmann Yannick Exner and Samuel Domdey. 2025. The power of generative marketing: Can generative AI create superhuman visual marketing content? International Journal of Research in Marketing 42 1 (2025) 13\u201331.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2024.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity. Association for Computational Creativity (ACC)","author":"Hauhio Iikka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iikka Hauhio. 2024. Enhancing Human Creativity with Aptly Uncontrollable Generative AI. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity. Association for Computational Creativity (ACC)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Zecheng He Bo Sun Felix Juefei-Xu Haoyu Ma Ankit Ramchandani Vincent Cheung Siddharth Shah Anmol Kalia Harihar Subramanyam Alireza Zareian et\u00a0al. 2024. Imagine yourself: Tuning-free personalized image generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.13346 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01219-9_47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643562.3672611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","volume-title":"XAI in Action: Past, Present, and Future Applications","author":"Jiang Roy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roy Jiang, Rafal Kocielnik, Adhithya\u00a0Prakash Saravanan, Pengrui Han, R.\u00a0Michael Alvarez, and Anima Anandkumar. 2023. Empowering Domain Experts to Detect Social Bias in Generative AI with User-Friendly Interfaces. In XAI in Action: Past, Present, and Future Applications. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=GL7RDOru1k"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE\/CVF Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR), CVFAD Workshop, Seattle, USA","author":"Jin Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu Jin and Kyungho Lee. 2024. Human-AI co-creation in fashion design ideation and sketching: an empirical study. In Proceedings of IEEE\/CVF Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR), CVFAD Workshop, Seattle, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu Jin Juhyeok Yoon James Self and Kyungho Lee. 2024. Understanding Fashion Designers\u2019 Behavior Using Generative AI for Early-Stage Concept Ideation and Revision. Archives of Design Research 37 3 (2024) 25\u201345.","DOI":"10.15187\/adr.2024.07.37.3.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","volume":"12","author":"Kingsley Sara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sara Kingsley, Jiayin Zhi, Wesley\u00a0Hanwen Deng, Jaimie Lee, Sizhe Zhang, Motahhare Eslami, Kenneth Holstein, Jason\u00a0I Hong, Tianshi Li, and Hong Shen. 2024. Investigating What Factors Influence Users\u2019 Rating of Harmful Algorithmic Bias and Discrimination. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing , Vol.\u00a012. 75\u201385."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584078"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jungryun Kwon Eui-Chul Jung and Jiheon Kim. 2024. Designer-Generative AI Ideation Process: Generating Images Aligned with Designer Intent in Early-Stage Concept Exploration in Product Design. Archives of Design Research 37 3 (2024) 7\u201323.","DOI":"10.15187\/adr.2024.07.37.3.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","unstructured":"Black\u00a0Forest Labs. 2024. FLUX. https:\/\/github.com\/black-forest-labs\/flux."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i12.29234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35132-7_38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"Junnan Li Dongxu Li Silvio Savarese and Steven Hoi. 2023. BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2301.12597\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2301.12597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lei Li Yongfeng Zhang and Li Chen. 2023. Personalized Prompt Learning for Explainable Recommendation. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 41 4 Article 103 (March 2023) 26\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3580488","DOI":"10.1145\/3580488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","first-page":"6565","volume-title":"International conference on machine learning","author":"Liang Paul\u00a0Pu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul\u00a0Pu Liang, Chiyu Wu, Louis-Philippe Morency, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. 2021. Towards understanding and mitigating social biases in language models. In International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 6565\u20136576."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul\u00a0Pu Liang Amir Zadeh and Louis-Philippe Morency. 2024. Foundations & trends in multimodal machine learning: Principles challenges and open questions. Comput. Surveys 56 10 (2024) 1\u201342.","DOI":"10.1145\/3656580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youwei Liang Junfeng He Gang Li Peizhao Li Arseniy Klimovskiy Nicholas Carolan Jiao Sun Jordi Pont-Tuset Sarah Young Feng Yang Junjie Ke Krishnamurthy\u00a0Dj Dvijotham Katie Collins Yiwen Luo Yang Li Kai\u00a0J Kohlhoff Deepak Ramachandran and Vidhya Navalpakkam. 2024. Rich Human Feedback for Text-to-Image Generation. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2312.10240\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2312.10240","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","unstructured":"Haotian Liu Chunyuan Li Qingyang Wu and Yong\u00a0Jae Lee. 2023. Visual Instruction Tuning."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3526113.3545621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596098"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LING Long CHEN Xinyi WEN Ruoyu LI Toby Jia-Jun and LC Ray. 2024. Sketchar: Supporting Character Design and Illustration Prototyping Using Generative AI. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8 CHI PLAY (2024) 337.","DOI":"10.1145\/3677102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter. 2019. Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1711.05101\u00a0[cs.LG] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1711.05101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","unstructured":"Sasha Luccioni Christopher Akiki Margaret Mitchell and Yacine Jernite. 2023. Stable bias: Evaluating societal representations in diffusion models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (2023) 56338\u201356351."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3514094.3534148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","unstructured":"Shweta Mahajan Tanzila Rahman Kwang\u00a0Moo Yi and Leonid Sigal. 2023. Prompting Hard or Hardly Prompting: Prompt Inversion for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2312.12416\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2312.12416"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01231-1_37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","unstructured":"Wenyi Mo Tianyu Zhang Yalong Bai Bing Su Ji-Rong Wen and Qing Yang. 2024. Dynamic Prompt Optimizing for Text-to-Image Generation. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2404.04095\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2404.04095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528233.3530708"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","unstructured":"Moin Nadeem Anna Bethke and Siva Reddy. 2020. StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2004.09456 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3600211.3604711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","unstructured":"Thao Nguyen Haotian Liu Yuheng Li Mu Cai Utkarsh Ojha and Yong\u00a0Jae Lee. 2024. Yo\u2019LLaVA: Your Personalized Language and Vision Assistant. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2406.09400 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","unstructured":"OpenAI : Aaron Hurst Adam Lerer Adam\u00a0P. Goucher and etc.2024. GPT-4o System Card. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2410.21276\u00a0[cs.CL] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2410.21276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3569219.3569352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonas Oppenlaender. 2024. A taxonomy of prompt modifiers for text-to-image generation. Behaviour & Information Technology 43 15 (2024) 3763\u20133776.","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2023.2286532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","unstructured":"Jonas Oppenlaender Rhema Linder and Johanna Silvennoinen. 2024. Prompting AI art: An investigation into the creative skill of prompt engineering. International journal of human\u2013computer interaction (2024) 1\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3616961.3616978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98932-7_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ville Paananen Jonas Oppenlaender and Aku Visuri. 2024. Using text-to-image generation for architectural design ideation. International Journal of Architectural Computing 22 3 (2024) 458\u2013474.","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771231222783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","unstructured":"Maria-Teresa De\u00a0Rosa Palmini and Eva Cetinic. 2024. Patterns of Creativity: How User Input Shapes AI-Generated Visual Diversity. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2410.06768 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","unstructured":"Lianyu Pang Jian Yin Baoquan Zhao Feize Wu Fu\u00a0Lee Wang Qing Li and Xudong Mao. 2024. Attndreambooth: Towards text-aligned personalized text-to-image generation. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 (2024) 39869\u201339900."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryan\u00a0A. Plummer Liwei Wang Chris\u00a0M. Cervantes Juan\u00a0C. Caicedo Julia Hockenmaier and Svetlana Lazebnik. 2016. Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Models. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1505.04870\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1505.04870","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0965-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steven\u00a0Jige Quan. 2022. Urban-GAN: An artificial intelligence-aided computation system for plural urban design. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 49 9 (2022) 2500\u20132515.","DOI":"10.1177\/23998083221100550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","unstructured":"Maxwell Rabb. 2025. Why AI Art Is Winning over Young Collectors. Artsy (2025). https:\/\/www.artsy.net\/article\/artsy-editorial-ai-art-winning-young-collectors Accessed: 2025-03-31."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","unstructured":"Alec Radford Jong\u00a0Wook Kim Chris Hallacy Aditya Ramesh Gabriel Goh Sandhini Agarwal Girish Sastry Amanda Askell Pamela Mishkin Jack Clark Gretchen Krueger and Ilya Sutskever. 2021. Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2103.00020\u00a0[cs.CV] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2103.00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","series-title":"Proceedings of Machine Learning Research","first-page":"8821","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning","volume":"139","author":"Ramesh Aditya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aditya Ramesh, Mikhail Pavlov, Gabriel Goh, Scott Gray, Chelsea Voss, Alec Radford, Mark Chen, and Ilya Sutskever. 2021. Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generation. In Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning(Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, Vol.\u00a0139), Marina Meila and Tong Zhang (Eds.). PMLR, 8821\u20138831. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v139\/ramesh21a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","first-page":"8821","volume-title":"International conference on machine learning","author":"Ramesh Aditya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aditya Ramesh, Mikhail Pavlov, Gabriel Goh, Scott Gray, Chelsea Voss, Alec Radford, Mark Chen, and Ilya Sutskever. 2021. Zero-shot text-to-image generation. In International conference on machine learning. Pmlr, 8821\u20138831."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","unstructured":"Ali Razavi Aaron Van\u00a0den Oord and Oriol Vinyals. 2019. Generating diverse high-fidelity images with vq-vae-2. Advances in neural information processing systems 32 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_89_2","volume-title":"The 40th International Pupils\u2019 Attitudes Towards Technology Conference Proceedings 2023","volume":"1","author":"Ringvold Tore\u00a0Andre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tore\u00a0Andre Ringvold, Ingri Strand, Peter Haakonsen, and Kari\u00a0Saasen Strand. 2023. AI text-to-image generation in Art and design teacher education: a creative tool or a hindrance to future creativity?. In The 40th International Pupils\u2019 Attitudes Towards Technology Conference Proceedings 2023 , Vol.\u00a01."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_92_2","volume-title":"The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Shaikh Omar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Omar Shaikh, Michelle\u00a0S. Lam, Joey Hejna, Yijia Shao, Hyundong\u00a0Justin Cho, Michael\u00a0S. Bernstein, and Diyi Yang. 2025. Aligning Language Models with Demonstrated Feedback. In The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=1qGkuxI9UX"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong Shen Alicia DeVos Motahhare Eslami and Kenneth Holstein. 2021. Everyday algorithm auditing: Understanding the power of everyday users in surfacing harmful algorithmic behaviors. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5 CSCW2 (2021) 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1145\/3479577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641237.3691655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_98_2","series-title":"(ICML\u201924)","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Sorensen Taylor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taylor Sorensen, Jared Moore, Jillian Fisher, Mitchell Gordon, Niloofar Mireshghallah, Christopher\u00a0Michael Rytting, Andre Ye, Liwei Jiang, Ximing Lu, Nouha Dziri, Tim Althoff, and Yejin Choi. 2024. Position: a roadmap to pluralistic alignment. In Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning (Vienna, Austria) (ICML\u201924). JMLR.org, Article 1882, 23\u00a0pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarah Sterman Molly\u00a0Jane Nicholas and Eric Paulos. 2022. Towards Creative Version Control. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 6 CSCW2 Article 336 (Nov. 2022) 25\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3555756","DOI":"10.1145\/3555756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450741.3466771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450741.3466771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan Taylor Joel Mire Franchesca Spektor Alicia DeVrio Maarten Sap Haiyi Zhu and Sarah Fox. 2025. Un-Straightening Generative AI: How Queer Artists Surface and Challenge the Normativity of Generative AI Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2503.09805 (2025).","DOI":"10.1145\/3715275.3732061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benedikte Wallace Kristian Nymoen Jim Torresen and Charles\u00a0Patrick Martin. 2024. Breaking from realism: exploring the potential of glitch in AI-generated dance. Digital Creativity 35 2 (2024) 125\u2013142. 10.1080\/14626268.2024.2327006 arXiv:10.1080\/14626268.2024.2327006","DOI":"10.1080\/14626268.2024.2327006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00465"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_106_2","first-page":"46","volume-title":"CAAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Wang Jiarui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiarui Wang, Huiyu Duan, Jing Liu, Shi Chen, Xiongkuo Min, and Guangtao Zhai. 2023. Aigciqa2023: A large-scale image quality assessment database for ai generated images: from the perspectives of quality, authenticity and correspondence. In CAAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Springer, 46\u201357."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen-Fan Wang Chien-Ting Lu Nil\u00a0Ponsa Campany\u00e0 Bing-Yu Chen and Mike\u00a0Y Chen. 2025. AIdeation: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Ideation System for Concept Designers. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2025).","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_109_2","unstructured":"Yuxin Wen Neel Jain John Kirchenbauer Micah Goldblum Jonas Geiping and Tom Goldstein. 2023. Hard Prompts Made Easy: Gradient-Based Discrete Optimization for Prompt Tuning and Discovery. arxiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2302.03668\u00a0[cs.LG] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2302.03668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_110_2","unstructured":"Alex Wilf Sihyun\u00a0Shawn Lee Paul\u00a0Pu Liang and Louis-Philippe Morency. 2023. Think twice: Perspective-taking improves large language models\u2019 theory-of-mind capabilities. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2311.10227 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David\u00a0R Williams Yan Yu James\u00a0S Jackson and Norman\u00a0B Anderson. 1997. Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology 2 3 (1997) 335\u2013351. 10.1177\/135910539700200305","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roosa Wingstr\u00f6m Johanna Hautala and Riina Lundman. 2024. Redefining creativity in the era of AI? Perspectives of computer scientists and new media artists. Creativity Research Journal 36 2 (2024) 177\u2013193.","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2022.2107850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yiqing Wu Ruobing Xie Yongchun Zhu Fuzhen Zhuang Xu Zhang Leyu Lin and Qing He. 2024. Personalized prompt for sequential recommendation. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 36 7 (2024) 3376\u20133389.","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2024.3357498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_114_2","unstructured":"Qing Xiao Xianzhe Fan Felix\u00a0M Simon Bingbing Zhang and Motahhare Eslami. 2024. \"It Might be Technically Impressive But It\u2019s Practically Useless to Us\": Practices Challenges and Opportunities for Cross-Functional Collaboration around AI within the News Industry. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.12000 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_115_2","unstructured":"Tianjun Zhang Yi Zhang Vibhav Vineet Neel Joshi and Xin Wang. 2023. Controllable text-to-image generation with gpt-4. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2305.18583 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eric Zhou and Dokyun Lee. 2024. Generative artificial intelligence human creativity and art. PNAS nexus 3 3 (2024) pgae052.","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676370"}],"event":{"name":"UIST '25: The 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","location":"Busan Republic of Korea","acronym":"UIST '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3746059.3747710","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:10:20Z","timestamp":1759011020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3746059.3747710"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3746059.3747710","10.1145\/3746059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3746059.3747710","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}