{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:16:09Z","timestamp":1779905769125,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U22A2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A2027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Engineer Research Center of Data Storage Systems and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Zoned Namespace (ZNS) interface transfers most storage maintenance responsibilities from the underlying Solid-State Drives (SSDs) to the host. This shift creates new opportunities to ensure fairness and high performance in multi-tenant cloud computing environments at both hardware and software levels. However, when applications with different workloads share a single ZNS SSD hardware, traditional fair queueing schedulers fail to achieve fairness due to their limited awareness of workload characteristics. Moreover, allowing multiple outstanding requests to access the device simultaneously improves resource utilization but often leads to significant I\/O interference among these requests. This interference results in over-throttling, which subsequently degrades the performance of existing fair queueing schedulers.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To address the above problems, this article proposes an efficient and high-performance fair queueing scheduling scheme for ZNS SSD (ZNSFQ) on the host side. Firstly, ZNSFQ introduces a workload-aware fair scheduler that enhances fairness by accurately estimating the I\/O cost for each application based on its workload characteristics. Secondly, to optimize performance while ensuring fairness, ZNSFQ designs a request dispatch parallelism adjuster. This adjuster manages the channel-level request dispatch parallelism for each application to minimize I\/O interference. Finally, ZNSFQ employs a global adaptive coordinator to alleviate device-level I\/O blocking, reducing tail latency and CPU consumption while satisfying fairness and performance. A comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that ZNSFQ significantly enhances fairness and performance compared to the latest fair queuing schedulers. In sequential access scenarios, ZNSFQ enhances fairness by over 38.13% and increases I\/O bandwidth by more than 49.24%. Furthermore, in random access scenarios, it reduces CPU utilization by 70.22% while maintaining both fairness and high performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3746230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T07:02:02Z","timestamp":1750921322000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["ZNSFQ: An Efficient and High-Performance Fair Queue Scheduling Scheme for ZNS SSDs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7435-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4674-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Techonolgy, Wuhan, China","place":["wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1597-1881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Techonolgy, Wuhan, China","place":["wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9227-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhouxuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4868-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","place":["Wuhan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"2007. 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