{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:20:18Z","timestamp":1781925618373,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":18,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1794268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SaTC #2335666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SaTC #2335666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["IIS-2229461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2229461"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3746252.3761478","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T23:55:33Z","timestamp":1762559733000},"page":"6752-6756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CyberBOT: Ontology-Grounded Retrieval Augmented Generation for Reliable Cybersecurity Education"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengshuai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3058-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"De Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tharindu","family":"Kumarage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1704-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumar Satvik","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garima","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6150-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3257-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jongchan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2003-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7715-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuli","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3264-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i21.30362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the acl workshop on intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation measures for machine translation and\/or summarization. 65-72","author":"Banerjee Satanjeev","year":"2005","unstructured":"Satanjeev Banerjee and Alon Lavie. 2005. METEOR: An automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments. In Proceedings of the acl workshop on intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation measures for machine translation and\/or summarization. 65-72."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3644815.3644945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Navigating the intersection of business, sustainability and technology","author":"Dandachi Ibtihaj El","unstructured":"Ibtihaj El Dandachi. 2024. AI-powered personalized learning: Toward sustainable education. In Navigating the intersection of business, sustainability and technology. Springer, 109-118."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.eacl-demo.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iotcps.2023.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CogMI62246.2024.00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel et al. 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. Advances in neural information processing systems Vol. 33 (2020) 9459-9474."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries. In Text summarization branches out. 74-81.","author":"Lin Chin-Yew","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chin-Yew Lin. 2004. Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries. In Text summarization branches out. 74-81."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"The wolf within: Covert injection of malice into mllm societies via an mllm operative. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14859","author":"Tan Zhen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhen Tan, Chengshuai Zhao, Raha Moraffah, Yifan Li, Yu Kong, Tianlong Chen, and Huan Liu. 2024a. The wolf within: Covert injection of malice into mllm societies via an mllm operative. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14859 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Glue pizza and eat rocks''-Exploiting Vulnerabilities in Retrieval-Augmented Generative Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.19417","author":"Tan Zhen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhen Tan, Chengshuai Zhao, Raha Moraffah, Yifan Li, Song Wang, Jundong Li, Tianlong Chen, and Huan Liu. 2024b. ''Glue pizza and eat rocks''-Exploiting Vulnerabilities in Retrieval-Augmented Generative Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.19417 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53889\/ijses.v3i1.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-3191-6_38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT. In International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=SkeHuCVFDr","author":"Zhang Tianyi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tianyi Zhang, Varsha Kishore, Felix Wu, Kilian Q Weinberger, and Yoav Artzi. 2020. BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT. In International Conference on Learning Representations. https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=SkeHuCVFDr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Ontology-Aware RAG for Improved Question-Answering in Cybersecurity Education. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.14191","author":"Zhao Chengshuai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chengshuai Zhao, Garima Agrawal, Tharindu Kumarage, Zhen Tan, Yuli Deng, Ying-Chih Chen, and Huan Liu. 2024. Ontology-Aware RAG for Improved Question-Answering in Cybersecurity Education. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.14191 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning of LLMs a Mirage? A Data Distribution Lens. arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.01191","author":"Zhao Chengshuai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chengshuai Zhao, Zhen Tan, Pingchuan Ma, Dawei Li, Bohan Jiang, Yancheng Wang, Yingzhen Yang, and Huan Liu. 2025a. Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning of LLMs a Mirage? A Data Distribution Lens. arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.01191 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"SCALE: Towards Collaborative Content Analysis in Social Science with Large Language Model Agents and Human Intervention. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.10937","author":"Zhao Chengshuai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chengshuai Zhao, Zhen Tan, Chau-Wai Wong, Xinyan Zhao, Tianlong Chen, and Huan Liu. 2025b. SCALE: Towards Collaborative Content Analysis in Social Science with Large Language Model Agents and Human Intervention. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.10937 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Universal and transferable adversarial attacks on aligned language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.15043","author":"Zou Andy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andy Zou, Zifan Wang, Nicholas Carlini, Milad Nasr, J Zico Kolter, and Matt Fredrikson. 2023. Universal and transferable adversarial attacks on aligned language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.15043 (2023)."}],"event":{"name":"CIKM '25: The 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","location":"Seoul Republic of Korea","acronym":"CIKM '25","sponsor":["SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval","SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3746252.3761478","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3746252.3761478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:03:11Z","timestamp":1765497791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3746252.3761478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3746252.3761478","10.1145\/3746252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3746252.3761478","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}