{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:24:35Z","timestamp":1781018675814,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":27,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3748522.3779861","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:17:49Z","timestamp":1781014669000},"page":"38-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do small and medium-sized LLMs simulate embodied cognition? A preliminary analysis for enhancing ITS with embodied cognition capabilities"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9701-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali - Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Italy, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6899-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Orciuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali - Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Italy, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2271-6338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Pascuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali - Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, Italy, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2020.00147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karen E Adolph and Justine E Hoch. 2019. Motor development: embodied embedded enculturated and enabling. Annual review of psychology 70 1 141\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102836"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Faruk Alpay and Taylan Alpay. 2025. Xml prompting as grammar-constrained interaction: fixed-point semantics convergence guarantees and human-ai protocols. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.08182."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12970-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julie Carmigniani and Borko Furht. 2011. Augmented reality: an overview. Handbook of augmented reality 3\u201346.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-0064-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Frank and Asifa Majid","author":"Michael","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michael C. Frank and Asifa Majid, (Eds.) 2024. Affordances. Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. https:\/\/oecs.mit.edu\/pub\/984ungzu. MIT Press, (July 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andy Clark and David Chalmers. 1998. The extended mind. analysis 58 1 7\u201319.","DOI":"10.1093\/analys\/58.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Dobromir G Dotov Lin Nie and Matthieu M De Wit. 2012. Understanding affordances: history and contemporary development of gibson's central concept. Avant: the journal of the philosophical-interdisciplinary vanguard."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e9sar Ferri Jos\u00e9 Hern\u00e1ndez-Orallo and Ramona Modroiu. 2009. An experimental comparison of performance measures for classification. Pattern recognition letters 30 1 27\u201338.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2014.874923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelo Gaeta Francesco Orciuoli Antonella Pascuzzo and Angela Peduto. 2025. Enhancing traditional its architectures with large language models for generating motivational feedback. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 100433.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2025.100433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-63028-6_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasmus Gahrn-Andersen. 2025. Beyond symbol processing: the embodied limits of llms and the gap between ai and human cognition. AI & SOCIETY 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02382-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195118254.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The people, place, and space reader","author":"Gibson James J","unstructured":"James J Gibson. 2014. The theory of affordances:(1979). In The people, place, and space reader. Routledge, 56\u201360."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arthur C Graesser Mark W Conley and Andrew Olney. 2012. Intelligent tutoring systems.","DOI":"10.1037\/13275-018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","article-title":"Gibson's","volume":"12","author":"Jenkins Harold S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harold S Jenkins. 2008. Gibson's \"affordances\": evolution of a pivotal concept. Journal of Scientific Psychology, 12, 2008, 34\u201345.","journal-title":"Journal of Scientific Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2022.100480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46328\/ijtes.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/philosophies4030039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Fei Ni et al. 2025. Embodied arena: a comprehensive unified and evolving evaluation platform for embodied ai. arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.15273."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.70232\/jrep.v2i1.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Embodied cognition in learning stem disciplines. an overview on the role of spatial skills, (Mar","author":"Re Anna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anna Re, Salvatore Perna, Giuseppe Citt\u00e0, Crispino Tosto, and Manuel Gentile. 2024. Embodied cognition in learning stem disciplines. an overview on the role of spatial skills, (Mar. 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Embodied cognition","author":"Shapiro Lawrence","unstructured":"Lawrence Shapiro. 2019. Embodied cognition. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"The embodied mind, revised edition: Cognitive science and human experience","author":"Varela Francisco J","unstructured":"Francisco J Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch. 2017. The embodied mind, revised edition: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew D Wilson and Sabrina Golonka. 2013. Embodied cognition is not what you think it is. Frontiers in psychology 4 58.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR).","author":"Yao Shunyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shunyu Yao, Jeffrey Zhao, Dian Yu, Nan Du, Izhak Shafran, Karthik Narasimhan, and Yuan Cao. 2023. React: synergizing reasoning and acting in language models. In International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)."}],"event":{"name":"SAC '26: 41st ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","location":"Grand Hotel Palace Thessaloniki Greece","acronym":"SAC '26","sponsor":["SIGAPP ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 41st ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3748522.3779861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:23:03Z","timestamp":1781014983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3748522.3779861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3748522.3779861","10.1145\/3748522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3748522.3779861","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}