{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T18:12:40Z","timestamp":1772388760898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, TDG Teaching Development Grant","award":["Words to Images to Prototypes: Generative AI Tools for Team Project-based Iterative Prototyping"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Words to Images to Prototypes: Generative AI Tools for Team Project-based Iterative Prototyping"]}]},{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, TRS Theme-based Research Scheme","award":["Building Platform Technologies for Symbiotic Creativity in Hong Kong (RGC Theme-based Research Scheme Grant)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Building Platform Technologies for Symbiotic Creativity in Hong Kong (RGC Theme-based Research Scheme Grant)"]}]},{"name":"Luxembourg National Research Fund","award":["(REMEDIS, REgulatory and other solutions to MitigatE online DISinformation (INTER\/FNRS\/21\/16554939))"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(REMEDIS, REgulatory and other solutions to MitigatE online DISinformation (INTER\/FNRS\/21\/16554939))"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Effectively mitigating online misinformation requires understanding of their mechanisms and learning of practical skills for identification and counteraction. Serious games may serve as tools for combating misinformation, teaching players to recognize common misinformation tactics, and improving their skills of discernment. However, current interventions are designed as single-player, choice-based games, which present players with limited predefined choices. Such restrictions reduce replayability and may lead to an overly simplistic understanding of misinformation and how to debunk them. This study seeks to empower people to understand opinion-influencing and misinformation-debunking processes. We created a Player vs. Player (PvP) game in which participants attempt to generate or debunk misinformation to convince the public opinion represented by LLM. Using a within-subjects mixed-methods study design (N=47), we found that this game significantly raised participants' media literacy and improved their ability to identify misinformation. Qualitative analyses revealed how participants' use of debunking and content creation strategies deepened their understanding of misinformation. This work shows the potential for illuminating contrasting viewpoints of social issues by LLM-based mechanics in PvP games.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3748600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T21:01:11Z","timestamp":1759698071000},"page":"131-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Breaking the News: Taking the Roles of Influencer vs. Journalist in a LLM-Based Game for Raising Misinformation Awareness"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6499-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5320-5515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, London, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9190-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kexin","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4228-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Sergeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"},{"name":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7310-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ray","family":"LC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5876780","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5876780","article-title":"Unlocking Learning: Investigating the Replayability of Educational Games","volume":"2024","author":"Adetunji Rose Oluwaseun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rose Oluwaseun Adetunji and Abejide Ade-Ibijola. 2024. Unlocking Learning: Investigating the Replayability of Educational Games. International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2024, 1 (2024), 5876780.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Games Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Sree Harsha Tanneru, and Himabindu Lakkaraju","author":"Agarwal Chirag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chirag Agarwal, Sree Harsha Tanneru, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. 2024. Faithfulness vs. plausibility: On the (un) reliability of explanations from large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04614 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Agence France-Presse. 2023. AFP Fact-Checking Stylebook. https:\/\/factcheck.afp.com\/afp-fact-checking-stylebook Accessed: 2024-09-06."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Prompt design and engineering: Introduction and advanced methods. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.14423","author":"Amatriain Xavier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xavier Amatriain. 2024. Prompt design and engineering: Introduction and advanced methods. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.14423 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201320","author":"Ashby Trevor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trevor Ashby, Braden K Webb, Gregory Knapp, Jackson Searle, and Nancy Fulda. 2023. Personalized quest and dialogue generation in role-playing games: A knowledge graph-and language model-based approach. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/1077695812469802","article-title":"Developing a news media literacy scale","volume":"68","author":"Ashley Seth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seth Ashley, Adam Maksl, and Stephanie Craft. 2013. Developing a news media literacy scale. Journalism & mass communication educator 68, 1 (2013), 7\u201321.","journal-title":"Journalism & mass communication educator"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Media Literacy Around the World","author":"Aufderheide Patricia","unstructured":"Patricia Aufderheide. 2018. Media literacy: From a report of the national leadership conference on media literacy. In Media Literacy Around the World. Routledge, 79\u201386."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Bad News in the civics classroom: How serious gameplay fosters teenagers","author":"Werner Axelsson Carl-Anton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carl-Anton Werner Axelsson, Thomas Nygren, Jon Roozenbeek, and Sander van der Linden. 2024. Bad News in the civics classroom: How serious gameplay fosters teenagers\u2019 ability to discern misinformation techniques. Journal of Research on Technology in Education (2024), 1\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.","author":"Bandura Albert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Albert Bandura. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Vol. 604. Freeman."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Learning to Evaluate (Mis) information in an Online Game: Strategies Matter! Computers & Education","author":"Barzilai Sarit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarit Barzilai and Marc Stadtler. 2024. Learning to Evaluate (Mis) information in an Online Game: Strategies Matter! Computers & Education (2024), 105210."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134641","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134641","article-title":"Trend of narratives in the age of misinformation","volume":"10","author":"Bessi Alessandro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alessandro Bessi, Fabiana Zollo, Michela Del Vicario, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, and Walter Quattrociocchi. 2015. Trend of narratives in the age of misinformation. PloS one 10, 8 (2015), e0134641.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature communications 10, 1","author":"Bovet Alexandre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alexandre Bovet and Hern\u00e1n A Makse. 2019. Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature communications 10, 1 (2019), 7."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Alexis Bradstreet and Nicolas Starck. 2023. A Data-Driven Approach to Digital Literacy. In INAUGURAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM OF THE PURDUE MILITARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"BeSocratic: An intelligent tutoring system for the recognition, evaluation, and analysis of free-form student input. Ph. D. Dissertation","author":"Bryfczynski Samuel Paul","unstructured":"Samuel Paul Bryfczynski. 2012. BeSocratic: An intelligent tutoring system for the recognition, evaluation, and analysis of free-form student input. Ph. D. Dissertation. Clemson University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.04.001","article-title":"The effect of competition on learning in games","volume":"87","author":"Cagiltay Nergiz Ercil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nergiz Ercil Cagiltay, Erol Ozcelik, and Nese Sahin Ozcelik. 2015. The effect of competition on learning in games. Computers & Education 87 (2015), 35\u201341.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55086","DOI":"10.2196\/55086","article-title":"Racial and Demographic Disparities in Susceptibility to Health Misinformation on Social Media: National Survey-Based Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Chandrasekaran Ranganathan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ranganathan Chandrasekaran, Muhammed Sadiq T, and Evangelos Moustakas. 2024. Racial and Demographic Disparities in Susceptibility to Health Misinformation on Social Media: National Survey-Based Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 26 (2024), e55086.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Unpacking new media literacy","volume":"9","author":"Chen Der-Thanq","year":"2011","unstructured":"Der-Thanq Chen, Jing Wu, and Yu-mei Wang. 2011. Unpacking new media literacy. Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 9, 2 (2011), 84\u201388.","journal-title":"Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92823-9_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference","author":"Choi Eun Cheol","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eun Cheol Choi and Emilio Ferrara. 2024. Fact-gpt: Fact-checking augmentation via claim matching with llms. In Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024. 883\u2013886."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114171","article-title":"Linguistic feature based learning model for fake news detection and classification","volume":"169","author":"Choudhary Anshika","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anshika Choudhary and Anuja Arora. 2021. Linguistic feature based learning model for fake news detection and classification. Expert Systems with Applications 169 (2021), 114171.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"2022 IEEE 9th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, 1\u201310","author":"Chuai Yuwei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuwei Chuai, Yutian Chang, and Jichang Zhao. 2022. What really drives the spread of COVID-19 Tweets: a revisit from perspective of content. In 2022 IEEE 9th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yihan Chuai Michal Pilarski Gabriele Lenzini and Nicolas Pr\u00f6llochs. 2024. Community notes reduce the spread of misleading posts on X. Accessed: 2024-09-06. 10.31219\/osf.io\/3a4fe","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/3a4fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-999-1008-0","article-title":"Social comparison, individualism-collectivism, and self-esteem in China and the United States","volume":"18","author":"Chung Tyson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tyson Chung and Paul Mallery. 1999. Social comparison, individualism-collectivism, and self-esteem in China and the United States. Current Psychology 18 (1999), 340\u2013352.","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154591","article-title":"Implementation science in traditional, complementary and integrative medicine: An overview of experiences from China and the United States","volume":"109","author":"Chung Vincent CH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vincent CH Chung, Fai Fai Ho, Lixing Lao, Jianping Liu, Myeong Soo Lee, Kam Wa Chan, and Per Nilsen. 2023. Implementation science in traditional, complementary and integrative medicine: An overview of experiences from China and the United States. Phytomedicine 109 (2023), 154591.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary international symposium on disinformation in open online media. Springer, 218\u2013232","author":"Clever Lena","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lena Clever, Dennis Assenmacher, Kilian M\u00fcller, Moritz Vinzent Seiler, Dennis M Riehle, Mike Preuss, and Christian Grimme. 2020. FakeYou!-a gamified approach for building and evaluating resilience against fake news. In Multidisciplinary international symposium on disinformation in open online media. Springer, 218\u2013232."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/13504622.2022.2085671","article-title":"The cranky uncle game\u2014combining humor and gamification to build student resilience against climate misinformation","volume":"29","author":"Cook John","year":"2023","unstructured":"John Cook, Ullrich KH Ecker, Melanie Trecek-King, Gunnar Schade, Karen Jeffers-Tracy, Jasper Fessmann, Sojung Claire Kim, David Kinkead, Margaret Orr, Emily Vraga, et al. 2023. The cranky uncle game\u2014combining humor and gamification to build student resilience against climate misinformation. Environmental Education Research 29, 4 (2023), 607\u2013623.","journal-title":"Environmental Education Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Crookall. 2014. Engaging (in) gameplay and (in) debriefing. 416\u2013427 pages.","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878114559879"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"The effect of context-aware llm-based npc conversations on player engagement in role-playing video games. Unpublished manuscript","author":"Csepregi Lajos Matyas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lajos Matyas Csepregi. 2021. The effect of context-aware llm-based npc conversations on player engagement in role-playing video games. Unpublished manuscript (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201313","author":"Danry Valdemar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valdemar Danry, Pat Pataranutaporn, Yaoli Mao, and Pattie Maes. 2023. Don\u2019t just tell me, ask me: Ai systems that intelligently frame explanations as questions improve human logical discernment accuracy over causal ai explanations. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-017-9142-4","article-title":"Linking serious game narratives with pedagogical theories and pedagogical design strategies","volume":"29","author":"Troyer Olga De","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olga De Troyer, Frederik Van Broeckhoven, and Joachim Vlieghe. 2017. Linking serious game narratives with pedagogical theories and pedagogical design strategies. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 29 (2017), 549\u2013573.","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.21.287654","article-title":"Infodemics and health misinformation: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"100","author":"Borges Do Nascimento Israel Junior","year":"2022","unstructured":"Israel Junior Borges Do Nascimento, Ana Beatriz Pizarro, Jussara M Almeida, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Marcos Andr\u00e9 Gon\u00e7alves, Maria Bj\u00f6rklund, and David Novillo-Ortiz. 2022. Infodemics and health misinformation: a systematic review of reviews. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 100, 9 (2022), 544.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-021-00006-y","article-title":"The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction","volume":"1","author":"Ecker Ullrich KH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ullrich KH Ecker, Stephan Lewandowsky, John Cook, Philipp Schmid, Lisa K Fazio, Nadia Brashier, Panayiota Kendeou, Emily K Vraga, and Michelle A Amazeen. 2022. The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction. Nature Reviews Psychology 1, 1 (2022), 13\u201329.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"EDMO. 2024. Raising Standards. https:\/\/edmo.eu\/areas-of-activities\/media-literacy\/raising-standards\/. Accessed: 2024-12-10."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Tabletop board game elements and gamification interventions for health behavior change: realist review and proposal of a game design framework. JMIR serious games 9, 1","author":"Epstein Daniel S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daniel S Epstein, Adam Zemski, Joanne Enticott, and Christopher Barton. 2021. Tabletop board game elements and gamification interventions for health behavior change: realist review and proposal of a game design framework. JMIR serious games 9, 1 (2021), e23302."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Development of a media literacy skills scale. contemporary Educational technology 8, 3","author":"Eristi Bahadir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bahadir Eristi and Cahit Erdem. 2017. Development of a media literacy skills scale. contemporary Educational technology 8, 3 (2017), 249\u2013267."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"European External Action Service. 2021. \"My friend thinks Bill Gates will microchip humanity\": Now what? https:\/\/www.eeas.europa.eu\/eeas\/ Accessed: 2024-09-06."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 US presidential election","author":"Faris Robert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Nikki Bourassa, Ethan Zuckerman, and Yochai Benkler. 2017. Partisanship, propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 US presidential election. Berkman Klein Center Research Publication 6 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s42001-020-00094-5","article-title":"Misinformation, manipulation, and abuse on social media in the era of COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Ferrara Emilio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emilio Ferrara, Stefano Cresci, and Luca Luceri. 2020. Misinformation, manipulation, and abuse on social media in the era of COVID-19. Journal of Computational Social Science 3 (2020), 271\u2013277.","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Social Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS \u201925)","author":"Fu Jiaying","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiaying Fu, Yiyang Lu, Zehua Yang, Fiona Nah, and RAY LC. 2025. Cracking Aegis: An Adversarial LLM-based Game for Raising Awareness of Vulnerabilities in Privacy Protection. In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS \u201925). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 639\u2013662. isbn:9798400714856 10.1145\/3715336.3735812"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS \u201924)","author":"Fu Kexue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kexue Fu, Ruishan Wu, Yuying Tang, Yixin Chen, Bowen Liu, and RAY LC. 2024. \"Being Eroded, Piece by Piece\": Enhancing Engagement and Storytelling in Cultural Heritage Dissemination by Exhibiting GenAI Co-Creation Artifacts. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS \u201924). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2833\u20132850. isbn:9798400705830 10.1145\/3643834.3660711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Chi-Ngai Cheung, Thomas Abraham, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse.","author":"Chun-Hai Fung Isaac","year":"2016","unstructured":"Isaac Chun-Hai Fung, King-Wa Fu, Chung-Hong Chan, Benedict Shing Bun Chan, Chi-Ngai Cheung, Thomas Abraham, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse. 2016. Social media\u2019s initial reaction to information and misinformation on Ebola, August 2014: facts and rumors. Public health reports 131, 3 (2016), 461\u2013473."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fengsen Gao Ke Fang and Wai Kin Chan. 2024. Humanizing Artifacts: An Educational Game For Cultural Heritage Artifacts and History Using Generative AI. In Companion Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. 91\u201396.","DOI":"10.1145\/3665463.3678792"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS \u201925)","author":"Gong Qi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi Gong, Ximing Shen, Ziyou Yin, Yaning Li, and RAY LC. 2025. \"If I were in Space\": Understanding and Adapting to Social Isolation through Designing Collaborative Storytelling. In Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS \u201925). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1455\u20131482. isbn:9798400714856 10.1145\/3715336.3735846"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Coronavirus: Bill Gates \u2018microchip","author":"Goodman Jack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jack Goodman and Flora Carmichael. 2020. Coronavirus: Bill Gates \u2018microchip\u2019 conspiracy theory and other vaccine claims fact-checked \u2014 bbc.com. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/52847648. [Accessed 06-09-2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsay Grace and Songyi Liang. 2023. Examining misinformation and disinformation games through inoculation theory and transportation theory. (2023).","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2023.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"disinformation, and online propaganda. Social media and democracy: The state of the field, prospects for reform 10","author":"Guess Andrew M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrew M Guess and Benjamin A Lyons. 2020. Misinformation, disinformation, and online propaganda. Social media and democracy: The state of the field, prospects for reform 10 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Gusmanson.nl. 2022. Cat Park is a game about disinformation. join the opposition to the cat park! https:\/\/catpark.game\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The (un) intended consequences of emphasizing the threats of mis-and disinformation","volume":"11","author":"Hameleers Michael","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michael Hameleers. 2023. The (un) intended consequences of emphasizing the threats of mis-and disinformation. Media and Communication 11, 2 (2023), 5\u201314.","journal-title":"Media and Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201924)","author":"Han Yuanning","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuanning Han, Ziyi Qiu, Jiale Cheng, and RAY LC. 2024. When Teams Embrace AI: Human Collaboration Strategies in Generative Prompting in a Creative Design Task. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201924). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u201314. isbn:9798400703300 10.1145\/3613904.3642133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Wider Internet. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2","author":"Hanley Hans WA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hans WA Hanley, Deepak Kumar, and Zakir Durumeric. 2023. A Golden Age: Conspiracy Theories\u2019 Relationship with Misinformation Outlets, News Media, and the Wider Internet. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (2023), 1\u201333."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201320","author":"Hartwig Katrin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Katrin Hartwig, Tom Biselli, Franziska Schneider, and Christian Reuter. 2024. From Adolescents\u2019 Eyes: Assessing an Indicator-Based Intervention to Combat Misinformation on TikTok. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9, CSCW 108 (April","author":"He Zhiting","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhiting He, Jiayi Su, Li Chen, Tianqi Wang, and RAY LC. 2025. \"I Recall the Past\": Exploring How People Collaborate with Generative AI to Create Cultural Heritage Narratives. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9, CSCW 108 (April 2025), 30. 10.1145\/3711006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Fake news cues: examining the impact of content, source, and typology of news cues on People\u2019s confidence in identifying Mis-and disinformation","volume":"15","author":"Hinsley Amber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amber Hinsley and Avery Holton. 2021. Fake news cues: examining the impact of content, source, and typology of news cues on People\u2019s confidence in identifying Mis-and disinformation. International Journal of Communication 15 (2021), 20.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The past, present, and future of media literacy education","volume":"1","author":"Hobbs Renee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Renee Hobbs and Amy Jensen. 2009. The past, present, and future of media literacy education. Journal of media literacy education 1, 1 (2009), 1.","journal-title":"Journal of media literacy education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2021.1962778","article-title":"Fake news self-efficacy, fake news identification, and content sharing on Facebook","volume":"19","author":"Hopp Toby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toby Hopp. 2022. Fake news self-efficacy, fake news identification, and content sharing on Facebook. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 19, 2 (2022), 229\u2013252.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Technology & Politics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media","volume":"11","author":"Horne Benjamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benjamin Horne and Sibel Adali. 2017. This just in: Fake news packs a lot in title, uses simpler, repetitive content in text body, more similar to satire than real news. In Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media, Vol. 11. 759\u2013766."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","volume":"13","author":"Horne Benjamin D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjamin D Horne, Dorit Nevo, John O\u2019Donovan, Jin-Hee Cho, and Sibel Adal\u0131. 2019. Rating reliability and bias in news articles: Does AI assistance help everyone?. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 13. 247\u2013256."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Shang-Chien Liu, Aiping Xiong, and Lun-Wei Ku.","author":"Hsu Yi-Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yi-Li Hsu, Jui-Ning Chen, Yang Fan Chiang, Shang-Chien Liu, Aiping Xiong, and Lun-Wei Ku. 2024. Enhancing Perception: Refining Explanations of News Claims with LLM Conversations. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024. 2129\u20132147."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"A survey on large language model-based game agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.02039","author":"Hu Sihao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sihao Hu, Tiansheng Huang, Fatih Ilhan, Selim Tekin, Gaowen Liu, Ramana Kompella, and Ling Liu. 2024. A survey on large language model-based game agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.02039 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Resilience to online disinformation: A framework for cross-national comparative research. The international journal of press\/politics 25, 3","author":"Humprecht Edda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edda Humprecht, Frank Esser, and Peter Van Aelst. 2020. Resilience to online disinformation: A framework for cross-national comparative research. The international journal of press\/politics 25, 3 (2020), 493\u2013516."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201327","author":"Jahanbakhsh Farnaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farnaz Jahanbakhsh, Yannis Katsis, Dakuo Wang, Lucian Popa, and Michael Muller. 2023. Exploring the use of personalized AI for identifying misinformation on social media. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2","author":"Jeon Youngseung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Youngseung Jeon, Bogoan Kim, Aiping Xiong, Dongwon Lee, and Kyungsik Han. 2021. Chamberbreaker: Mitigating the echo chamber effect and supporting information hygiene through a gamified inoculation system. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (2021), 1\u201326."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 1624\u20131638","author":"Kaate Ilkka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ilkka Kaate, Joni Salminen, Soon-Gyo Jung, Trang Thi Thu Xuan, Essi H\u00e4yh\u00e4nen, Jinan Y Azem, and Bernard J Jansen. 2025. \u201cYou Always Get an Answer\u201d: Analyzing Users\u2019 Interaction with AI-Generated Personas Given Unanswerable Questions and Risk of Hallucination. In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 1624\u20131638."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci9020155","article-title":"MAthE the game: A serious game for education and training in news verification","volume":"9","author":"Katsaounidou Anastasia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anastasia Katsaounidou, Lazaros Vrysis, Rigas Kotsakis, Charalampos Dimoulas, and Andreas Veglis. 2019. MAthE the game: A serious game for education and training in news verification. Education Sciences 9, 2 (2019), 155.","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Tackling misinformation with games: a systematic literature review. Interactive Learning Environments","author":"Kiili Kristian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kristian Kiili, Juho Siuko, and Manuel Ninaus. 2024. Tackling misinformation with games: a systematic literature review. Interactive Learning Environments (2024), 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Manling Li, and Heng Ji.","author":"Kim Kyungha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kyungha Kim, Sangyun Lee, Kung-Hsiang Huang, Hou Pong Chan, Manling Li, and Heng Ji. 2024. Can LLMs Produce Faithful Explanations For Fact-checking? Towards Faithful Explainable Fact-Checking via Multi-Agent Debate. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.07401 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Development and validation of New Media Literacy Scale (NMLS) for university students. Computers in human behavior 63","author":"Koc Mustafa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mustafa Koc and Esra Barut. 2016. Development and validation of New Media Literacy Scale (NMLS) for university students. Computers in human behavior 63 (2016), 834\u2013843."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Working Notes of CLEF 2022\u2014Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF \u20192022)","author":"K\u00f6hler Juliane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Juliane K\u00f6hler, Gautam Kishore Shahi, Julia Maria Stru\u00df, Michael Wiegand, Melanie Siegel, and Thomas Mandl. 2022. Overview of the CLEF-2022 CheckThat! Lab Task 3 on Fake News Detection. In Working Notes of CLEF 2022\u2014Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF \u20192022). Bologna, Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA","author":"Kuckartz Udo","unstructured":"Udo Kuckartz and Stefan R\u00e4diker. 2019. Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA. Springer, Cham, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0253890","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253890","article-title":"A public survey of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong","volume":"16","author":"Lam Chun Sing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chun Sing Lam, Ho Kee Koon, Vincent Chi-Ho Chung, and Yin Ting Cheung. 2021. A public survey of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine use during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong. PloS one 16, 7 (2021), e0253890.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.580835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3450373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Sixteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI \u201922)","author":"Vincent Ruijters RAY","year":"2022","unstructured":"RAY LC and Vincent Ruijters. 2022. CHIKYUCHI: In-person\/remote game exhibition for climate change influence. In Sixteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI \u201922). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u20134. isbn:978-1-4503-9147-4 10.1145\/3490149.3507784"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Designing narratives and data visuals in comic form for social influence in climate action. Frontiers in Psychology 13","author":"Zijing Song RAY LC","year":"2022","unstructured":"RAY LC, Zijing Song, Yating Sun, and Cheng Yang. 2022. Designing narratives and data visuals in comic form for social influence in climate action. Frontiers in Psychology 13 (2022). issn:1664-1078 https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.893181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001603","article-title":"Feedback exercises boost discernment of misinformation for gamified inoculation interventions","volume":"153","author":"Leder Johannes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johannes Leder, Lukas Valentin Schellinger, Rakoen Maertens, Sander van der Linden, Breanne Chryst, and Jon Roozenbeek. 2024. Feedback exercises boost discernment of misinformation for gamified inoculation interventions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 153, 8 (2024), 2068.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2024.102483","article-title":"Misinformation or hard to tell? An eye-tracking study to investigate the effects of food crisis misinformation on social media engagement","volume":"50","author":"Lee I","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yen-I Lee, Di Mu, Ying-Chia Hsu, Bartosz W Wojdynski, and Matt Binford. 2024. Misinformation or hard to tell? An eye-tracking study to investigate the effects of food crisis misinformation on social media engagement. Public Relations Review 50, 4 (2024), 102483.","journal-title":"Public Relations Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","volume-title":"Aptitude, learning, and instruction","author":"Lepper Mark R","unstructured":"Mark R Lepper and Thomas W Malone. 2021. Intrinsic motivation and instructional effectiveness in computer-based education. In Aptitude, learning, and instruction. Routledge, 255\u2013286."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","volume-title":"Countering misinformation and fake news through inoculation and prebunking. European review of social psychology 32, 2","author":"Lewandowsky Stephan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephan Lewandowsky and Sander Van Der Linden. 2021. Countering misinformation and fake news through inoculation and prebunking. European review of social psychology 32, 2 (2021), 348\u2013384."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"Cambridge game \u2018pre-bunks","author":"Lewsey Fred","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fred Lewsey. 2020. Cambridge game \u2018pre-bunks\u2019 coronavirus conspiracies \u2014 cam.ac.uk. https:\/\/www.cam.ac.uk\/stories\/goviral. [Accessed 29-07-2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Understanding new media literacy: An explorative theoretical framework","volume":"16","author":"Lin Tzu-Bin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tzu-Bin Lin, Jen-Yi Li, Feng Deng, and Ling Lee. 2013. Understanding new media literacy: An explorative theoretical framework. Journal of educational technology & society 16, 4 (2013), 160\u2013170.","journal-title":"Journal of educational technology & society"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 8, CHI PLAY (Oct.","author":"Ling Long","year":"2024","unstructured":"Long Ling, Xinyi Chen, Ruoyu Wen, Toby Jia-Jun Li, and RAY LC. 2024. Sketchar: Supporting Character Design and Illustration Prototyping Using Generative AI. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 8, CHI PLAY (Oct. 2024), 337:1\u2013337:28. 10.1145\/3677102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3698061.3726917"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"Checking the fact-checkers: the role of source type, perceived credibility, and individual differences in fact-checking effectiveness. Communication Research","author":"Liu Xingyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xingyu Liu, Li Qi, Laurent Wang, and Miriam J Metzger. 2023. Checking the fact-checkers: the role of source type, perceived credibility, and individual differences in fact-checking effectiveness. Communication Research (2023), 00936502231206419."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Cultural Bias in Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Analysis and Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Transcultural Communication 0","author":"Liu Zhaoming","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhaoming Liu. 2024. Cultural Bias in Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Analysis and Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Transcultural Communication 0 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2023.0324","article-title":"Can media literacy intervention improve fake news credibility assessment? A meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Lu Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang Lu, Bo Hu, Meng-Meng Bao, Chi Wang, Chao Bi, and Xing-Da Ju. 2024. Can media literacy intervention improve fake news credibility assessment? A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 27, 4 (2024), 240\u2013252.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2","author":"Lu Zhuoran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhuoran Lu, Patrick Li, Weilong Wang, and Ming Yin. 2022. The Effects of AI-based Credibility Indicators on the Detection and Spread of Misinformation under Social Influence. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (2022), 1\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ling Ma Mingyao Pan Vince Siu Xiaoyu Chang Jussi Jolopainen Jixing Li and Ray LC. 2025. Follow My Logic: Generative AI Workflows in\u00c2\u00a0Designing for\u00c2\u00a0Serious Table-Top Games. In HCI in Business Government and Organizations Keng Leng Siau and Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah (Eds.). Springer Nature Switzerland Cham 153\u2013172. isbn:978-3-031-92823-9 10.1007\/978-3-031-92823-9_11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92823-9_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-023-02124-2","article-title":"The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment","volume":"56","author":"Maertens Rakoen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rakoen Maertens, Friedrich M G\u00f6tz, Hudson F Golino, Jon Roozenbeek, Claudia R Schneider, Yara Kyrychenko, John R Kerr, Stefan Stieger, William P McClanahan, Karly Drabot, et al. 2024. The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment. Behavior Research Methods 56, 3 (2024), 1863\u20131899.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of inoculation against misinformation: Three longitudinal experiments","volume":"27","author":"Maertens Rakoen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rakoen Maertens, Jon Roozenbeek, Melisa Basol, and Sander van der Linden. 2021. Long-term effectiveness of inoculation against misinformation: Three longitudinal experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 27, 1 (2021), 1.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015","article-title":"Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects","volume":"67","author":"McCambridge Jim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jim McCambridge, John Witton, and Diana R Elbourne. 2014. Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects. Journal of clinical epidemiology 67, 3 (2014), 267\u2013277.","journal-title":"Journal of clinical epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1","author":"Micallef Nicholas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicholas Micallef, Mihai Avram, Filippo Menczer, and Sameer Patil. 2021. Fakey: A game intervention to improve news literacy on social media. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1 (2021), 1\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001395","article-title":"Gamified inoculation interventions do not improve discrimination between true and fake news: Reanalyzing existing research with receiver operating characteristic analysis","volume":"152","author":"Modirrousta-Galian Ariana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ariana Modirrousta-Galian and Philip A Higham. 2023. Gamified inoculation interventions do not improve discrimination between true and fake news: Reanalyzing existing research with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 152, 9 (2023), 2411.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","volume-title":"Fake news","author":"Molina Maria D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maria D Molina, S Shyam Sundar, Thai Le, and Dongwon Lee. 2021. \u201cFake news\u201d is not simply false information: A concept explication and taxonomy of online content. American behavioral scientist 65, 2 (2021), 180\u2013212."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"A digital media literacy intervention for older adults improves resilience to fake news. Scientific reports 12, 1","author":"Moore Ryan C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryan C Moore and Jeffrey T Hancock. 2022. A digital media literacy intervention for older adults improves resilience to fake news. Scientific reports 12, 1 (2022), 6008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/17538068.2016.1235531","article-title":"What makes anti-vaccine websites persuasive? A content analysis of techniques used by anti-vaccine websites to engender anti-vaccine sentiment","volume":"9","author":"Moran Meghan Bridgid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meghan Bridgid Moran, Melissa Lucas, Kristen Everhart, Ashley Morgan, and Erin Prickett. 2016. What makes anti-vaccine websites persuasive? A content analysis of techniques used by anti-vaccine websites to engender anti-vaccine sentiment. Journal of Communication in Healthcare 9, 3 (2016), 151\u2013163.","journal-title":"Journal of Communication in Healthcare"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on web science conference. 235\u2013239","author":"Mustafaraj Eni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eni Mustafaraj and Panagiotis Takis Metaxas. 2017. The fake news spreading plague: Was it preventable?. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on web science conference. 235\u2013239."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010813","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-010813","article-title":"Experiences and challenges of African traditional medicine: lessons from COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Mutombo Polydor Ngoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Polydor Ngoy Mutombo, Ossy Muganga Julius Kasilo, Peter Bai James, Jon Wardle, Olobayo Kunle, David Katerere, Charles Wambebe, Motlalepula Gilbert Matsabisa, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Jean-Baptiste Nikiema, et al. 2023. Experiences and challenges of African traditional medicine: lessons from COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Global Health 8, 8 (2023), e010813.","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115398","article-title":"Why do people believe health misinformation and who is at risk? A systematic review of individual differences in susceptibility to health misinformation","volume":"314","author":"Nan Xiaoli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiaoli Nan, Yuan Wang, and Kathryn Thier. 2022. Why do people believe health misinformation and who is at risk? A systematic review of individual differences in susceptibility to health misinformation. Social Science & Medicine 314 (2022), 115398.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Designing social media to foster user engagement in challenging misinformation: a cross-cultural comparison between the UK and Arab countries","volume":"11","author":"Noman Muaadh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muaadh Noman, Selin Gurgun, Keith Phalp, and Raian Ali. 2024. Designing social media to foster user engagement in challenging misinformation: a cross-cultural comparison between the UK and Arab countries. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11, 1 (2024), 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2009.24.1.1","article-title":"The use of complementary and alternative medicine in a general population in South Korea: results from a national survey in 2006","volume":"24","author":"Ock Sun Myeong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sun Myeong Ock, Jun Yeong Choi, Young Soo Cha, JungBok Lee, Mi Son Chun, Chang Hun Huh, Soon Young Lee, and Sung Jae Lee. 2009. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in a general population in South Korea: results from a national survey in 2006. Journal of Korean medical science 24, 1 (2009), 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean medical science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","unstructured":"J OpenAI Achiam S Adler S Agarwal L Ahmad I Akkaya FL Aleman D Almeida J Altenschmidt S Altman S Anadkat et al. 2023. GPT-4 technical report. arXiv. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","volume-title":"Adjunct publication of the 25th conference on user modeling, adaptation and personalization. 419\u2013424.","author":"Oyibo Kiemute","unstructured":"Kiemute Oyibo, Rita Orji, and Julita Vassileva. 2017. Investigation of the social predictors of competitive behavior and the moderating effect of culture. In Adjunct publication of the 25th conference on user modeling, adaptation and personalization. 419\u2013424."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/mti6030020","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 vulnerability to fake news and to racial hoaxes: A qualitative analysis on Italian sample","volume":"6","author":"Papapicco Concetta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Concetta Papapicco, Isabella Lamanna, and Francesca D\u2019Errico. 2022. Adolescents\u2019 vulnerability to fake news and to racial hoaxes: A qualitative analysis on Italian sample. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, 3 (2022), 20.","journal-title":"Multimodal Technologies and Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","volume-title":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. 320\u2013325","author":"Paraschivoiu Irina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Irina Paraschivoiu, Josef Buchner, Robert Praxmarer, and Thomas Layer-Wagner. 2021. Escape the fake: Development and evaluation of an augmented reality escape room game for fighting fake news. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. 320\u2013325."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th annual acm symposium on user interface software and technology. 1\u201322","author":"Park Joon Sung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joon Sung Park, Joseph O\u2019Brien, Carrie Jun Cai, Meredith Ringel Morris, Percy Liang, and Michael S Bernstein. 2023. Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior. In Proceedings of the 36th annual acm symposium on user interface software and technology. 1\u201322."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","volume-title":"2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 1\u20138.","author":"Peng Xiangyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiangyu Peng, Jessica Quaye, Sudha Rao, Weijia Xu, Portia Botchway, Chris Brockett, Nebojsa Jojic, Gabriel DesGarennes, Ken Lobb, Michael Xu, et al. 2024. Player-driven emergence in llm-driven game narrative. In 2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 1\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806781116","article-title":"Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source quality","volume":"116","author":"Pennycook Gordon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gordon Pennycook and David G Rand. 2019. Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source quality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 7 (2019), 2521\u20132526.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","unstructured":"Richard E Petty John T Cacioppo et al. 1984. Source factors and the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in consumer research 11 1 (1984) 668\u2013672."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.06.030","article-title":"Measuring digital literacies: Junior high-school students\u2019 perceived competencies versus actual performance","volume":"126","author":"Porat Erez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erez Porat, Ina Blau, and Azy Barak. 2018. Measuring digital literacies: Junior high-school students\u2019 perceived competencies versus actual performance. Computers & Education 126 (2018), 23\u201336.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","volume-title":"Content and source analysis of popular tweets following a recent case of diphtheria in Spain. European journal of public health 29, 1","author":"Porat Talya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Talya Porat, Pablo Garaizar, Marta Ferrero, Hilary Jones, Mark Ashworth, and Miguel A Vadillo. 2019. Content and source analysis of popular tweets following a recent case of diphtheria in Spain. European journal of public health 29, 1 (2019), 117\u2013122."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2011.521462","article-title":"The state of media literacy","volume":"54","author":"Potter W James","year":"2010","unstructured":"W James Potter. 2010. The state of media literacy. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media 54, 4 (2010), 675\u2013696.","journal-title":"Journal of broadcasting & electronic media"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2025.1557903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-016-0298-4","article-title":"Success factors for serious games to enhance learning: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Ravyse Werner Siegfried","year":"2017","unstructured":"Werner Siegfried Ravyse, A Seugnet Blignaut, Verona Leendertz, and Alex Woolner. 2017. Success factors for serious games to enhance learning: a systematic review. Virtual Reality 21 (2017), 31\u201358.","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2017.10.005","article-title":"Fake news\u2019: Incorrect, but hard to correct. The role of cognitive ability on the impact of false information on social impressions","volume":"65","author":"Arne Roets","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arne Roets et al. 2017. \u2018Fake news\u2019: Incorrect, but hard to correct. The role of cognitive ability on the impact of false information on social impressions. Intelligence 65 (2017), 107\u2013110.","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","volume-title":"Gabriel Recchia, Anne Marthe Van Der Bles, and Sander Van Der Linden.","author":"Roozenbeek Jon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jon Roozenbeek, Claudia R Schneider, Sarah Dryhurst, John Kerr, Alexandra LJ Freeman, Gabriel Recchia, Anne Marthe Van Der Bles, and Sander Van Der Linden. 2020. Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world. Royal Society open science 7, 10 (2020), 201199."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation","volume":"5","author":"Roozenbeek Jon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jon Roozenbeek and Sander Van der Linden. 2019. Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Palgrave Communications 5, 1 (2019), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Palgrave Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","volume-title":"\u201cinoculates","author":"Roozenbeek Jon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jon Roozenbeek and Sander van der Linden. 2020. Breaking Harmony Square: A game that \u201cinoculates\u201d against political misinformation. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","volume-title":"Beth Goldberg, Steve Rathje, and Stephan Lewandowsky.","author":"Roozenbeek Jon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jon Roozenbeek, Sander Van Der Linden, Beth Goldberg, Steve Rathje, and Stephan Lewandowsky. 2022. Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media. Science advances 8, 34 (2022), eabo6254."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","volume-title":"\u201cinoculation","author":"Roozenbeek Jon","unstructured":"Jon Roozenbeek, Sander van der Linden, and Thomas Nygren. 2020. Prebunking interventions based on \u201cinoculation\u201d theory can reduce susceptibility to misinformation across cultures. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"The gamification of learning: A meta-analysis. Educational psychology review 32, 1","author":"Sailer Michael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michael Sailer and Lisa Homner. 2020. The gamification of learning: A meta-analysis. Educational psychology review 32, 1 (2020), 77\u2013112."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201320","author":"Salminen Joni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joni Salminen, Chang Liu, Wenjing Pian, Jianxing Chi, Essi H\u00e4yh\u00e4nen, and Bernard J Jansen. 2024. Deus ex machina and personas from large language models: investigating the composition of AI-generated persona descriptions. In Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201315","author":"Scott Lauren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lauren Scott, Lynne Coventry, Marta E Cecchinato, and Mark Warner. 2023. \u201cI figured her feeling a little bit bad was worth it to not spread that kind of hate\u201d: Exploring how UK families discuss and challenge misinformation. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. 757\u2013781","author":"Shin Joongi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joongi Shin, Michael A Hedderich, Bart\u0142omiej Jakub Rey, Andr\u00e9s Lucero, and Antti Oulasvirta. 2024. Understanding Human-AI Workflows for Generating Personas. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. 757\u2013781."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.02.008","article-title":"The diffusion of misinformation on social media: Temporal pattern, message, and source","volume":"83","author":"Shin Jieun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jieun Shin, Lian Jian, Kevin Driscoll, and Fran\u00e7ois Bar. 2018. The diffusion of misinformation on social media: Temporal pattern, message, and source. Computers in Human Behavior 83 (2018), 278\u2013287.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","volume-title":"Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter 19, 1","author":"Shu Kai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kai Shu, Amy Sliva, Suhang Wang, Jiliang Tang, and Huan Liu. 2017. Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter 19, 1 (2017), 22\u201336."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","volume-title":"2016 XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology (LACLO). IEEE, 1\u20139.","author":"Silveira Ismar Frango","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ismar Frango Silveira. 2016. Open educational games: Challenges and perspectives. In 2016 XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology (LACLO). IEEE, 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","unstructured":"Caroline Sinders. 2022. From Our Fellows: The Use of Mis- and Disinformation in Online Harassment Campaigns \u2014 cdt.org. https:\/\/cdt.org\/insights\/the-use-of-mis-and-disinformation-in-online-harassment-campaigns\/. [Accessed 29-07-2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-4472-7_105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-92300-6_42"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_130_1","unstructured":"Neeraj Soni. 2024. \u2018Prebunking\u2019: An Effective Approach to Combat Misinformation. CyberPeace. https:\/\/www.cyberpeace.org\/resources\/blogs\/prebunking-an-effective-approach-to-combat-misinformation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","volume-title":"Misinformation as a misunderstood challenge to public health. American journal of preventive medicine 57, 2","author":"Southwell Brian G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brian G Southwell, Jeff Niederdeppe, Joseph N Cappella, Anna Gaysynsky, Dannielle E Kelley, April Oh, Emily B Peterson, and Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou. 2019. Misinformation as a misunderstood challenge to public health. American journal of preventive medicine 57, 2 (2019), 282\u2013285."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01736-0","article-title":"Psychological inoculation strategies to fight climate disinformation across 12 countries","volume":"8","author":"Spampatti Tobia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tobia Spampatti, Ulf JJ Hahnel, Evelina Trutnevyte, and Tobias Brosch. 2024. Psychological inoculation strategies to fight climate disinformation across 12 countries. Nature Human Behaviour 8, 2 (2024), 380\u2013398.","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17187","DOI":"10.2196\/17187","article-title":"Prevalence of health misinformation on social media: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Suarez-Lledo Victor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Victor Suarez-Lledo and Javier Alvarez-Galvez. 2021. Prevalence of health misinformation on social media: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research 23, 1 (2021), e17187.","journal-title":"Journal of medical Internet research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040119-094127","article-title":"Public health and online misinformation: challenges and recommendations","volume":"41","author":"Swire-Thompson Briony","year":"2020","unstructured":"Briony Swire-Thompson, David Lazer, et al. 2020. Public health and online misinformation: challenges and recommendations. Annu Rev Public Health 41, 1 (2020), 433\u2013451.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Developing a perceived social media literacy scale: Evidence from Singapore","volume":"15","author":"Tandoc Edson C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edson C Tandoc Jr, Andrew ZH Yee, Jeremy Ong, James Chong Boi Lee, Duan Xu, Zheng Han, Chew Chee Han Matthew, Janelle Shaina Hui Yi Ng, Cui Min Lim, Lydia Rui Jun Cheng, et al. 2021. Developing a perceived social media literacy scale: Evidence from Singapore. International Journal of Communication 15 (2021), 22.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference","author":"Tang Huiyun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huiyun Tang, Gabriele Lenzini, Samuel Greiff, Bj\u00f6rn Rohles, and Anastasia Sergeeva. 2024. \u201cWho Knows? Maybe it Really Works\u201d: Analysing Users\u2019 Perceptions of Health Misinformation on Social Media. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference. New York, NY, USA, 1499\u20131517."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","volume-title":"Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM New York, NY, 1\u20135.","author":"Tang Haoheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haoheng Tang and Mrinalini Singha. 2024. A Mystery for You: A fact-checking game enhanced by large language models (LLMs) and a tangible interface. In Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM New York, NY, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2021.101788","article-title":"Verifying online information: Development and validation of a self-report scale","volume":"67","author":"Tifferet Sigal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sigal Tifferet. 2021. Verifying online information: Development and validation of a self-report scale. Technology in Society 67 (2021), 101788.","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_139_1","volume-title":"Game-based learning. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology","author":"Tobias Sigmund","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sigmund Tobias, J Dexter Fletcher, and Alexander P Wind. 2014. Game-based learning. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (2014), 485\u2013503."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10491-7","article-title":"Non-player character decision-making in computer games","volume":"56","author":"Uluda\u011fl\u0131and Kaya O\u011fuz Muhtar \u00c7a\u011fkan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muhtar \u00c7a\u011fkan Uluda\u011fl\u0131and Kaya O\u011fuz. 2023. Non-player character decision-making in computer games. Artificial Intelligence Review 56, 12 (2023), 14159\u201314191.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116089","article-title":"Political orientation predicts the use of conventional and complementary\/alternative medicine: A survey study of 19 European countries","volume":"331","author":"Valtonen Jussi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jussi Valtonen, Ville-Juhani Ilmarinen, and Jan-Erik L\u00f6nnqvist. 2023. Political orientation predicts the use of conventional and complementary\/alternative medicine: A survey study of 19 European countries. Social Science & Medicine 331 (2023), 116089.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11488-y","article-title":"Examining the impact of sharing COVID-19 misinformation online on mental health","volume":"12","author":"Verma Gaurav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gaurav Verma, Ankur Bhardwaj, Talayeh Aledavood, Munmun De Choudhury, and Srijan Kumar. 2022. Examining the impact of sharing COVID-19 misinformation online on mental health. Scientific Reports 12, 1 (2022), 8045.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Measuring News Media Literacy","volume":"7","author":"Vraga Emily","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emily Vraga, Melissa Tully, John E Kotcher, Anne-Bennett Smithson, and Melissa Broeckelman-Post. 2015. A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Measuring News Media Literacy. Journal of media literacy education 7, 3 (2015), 41\u201353.","journal-title":"Journal of media literacy education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","volume-title":"Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media. Social science & medicine 240","author":"Wang Yuxi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuxi Wang, Martin McKee, Aleksandra Torbica, and David Stuckler. 2019. Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media. Social science & medicine 240 (2019), 112552."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","volume-title":"Yu Ying Chiu, and Yu Cheung Chiu","author":"Wang Zhilin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhilin Wang, Yu Ying Chiu, and Yu Cheung Chiu. 2023. Humanoid agents: Platform for simulating human-like generative agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.05418 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. 1\u20134.","author":"Wells Garrison","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garrison Wells, Agnes Romhanyi, and Alaina Klaes. 2024. Sus: Modifying Among Us for Misinformation Discernment. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. 1\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","volume-title":"DoomScroll: Modding Among Us to Combat Misinformation. Ph. D. Dissertation","author":"Wells Garrison Akira","unstructured":"Garrison Akira Wells. 2024. DoomScroll: Modding Among Us to Combat Misinformation. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of California, Irvine."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_148_1","volume-title":"Propagating and debunking conspiracy theories on Twitter during the 2015\u20132016 Zika virus outbreak. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking 21, 8","author":"Wood Michael J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michael J Wood. 2018. Propagating and debunking conspiracy theories on Twitter during the 2015\u20132016 Zika virus outbreak. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking 21, 8 (2018), 485\u2013490."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","volume-title":"Misinformation in social media: definition, manipulation, and detection. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter 21, 2","author":"Wu Liang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liang Wu, Fred Morstatter, Kathleen M Carley, and Huan Liu. 2019. Misinformation in social media: definition, manipulation, and detection. ACM SIGKDD explorations newsletter 21, 2 (2019), 80\u201390."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","volume-title":"Can Large Language Model Agents Simulate Human Trust Behaviors? arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04559","author":"Xie Chengxing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chengxing Xie, Canyu Chen, Feiran Jia, Ziyu Ye, Kai Shu, Adel Bibi, Ziniu Hu, Philip Torr, Bernard Ghanem, and Guohao Li. 2024. Can Large Language Model Agents Simulate Human Trust Behaviors? arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04559 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_151_1","volume-title":"Exploring large language models for communication games: An empirical study on werewolf. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.04658","author":"Xu Yuzhuang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuzhuang Xu, Shuo Wang, Peng Li, Fuwen Luo, Xiaolong Wang, Weidong Liu, and Yang Liu. 2023. Exploring large language models for communication games: An empirical study on werewolf. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.04658 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","volume-title":"Joint Proceedings of the IUI 2022 Workshops: APEx-UI, HAI-GEN, HEALTHI, HUMANIZE, TExSS, SOCIALIZE. CEUR-WS Team, 56\u201365","author":"Yang Daijin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daijin Yang, Yanpeng Zhou, Zhiyuan Zhang, Toby Jia-Jun Li, and RAY LC. 2022. AI as an Active Writer: Interaction strategies with generated text in human-AI collaborative fiction writing. In Joint Proceedings of the IUI 2022 Workshops: APEx-UI, HAI-GEN, HEALTHI, HUMANIZE, TExSS, SOCIALIZE. CEUR-WS Team, 56\u201365. https:\/\/scholars.cityu.edu.hk\/en\/publications\/publication(d901f5a2-0600-422f-b588-db5a59871961).html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.104057","article-title":"Can an online educational game contribute to developing information literate citizens","volume":"161","author":"Yang Soeun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soeun Yang, Jae Woo Lee, Hyoung-Jee Kim, Minji Kang, EunRyung Chong, and Eun-mee Kim. 2021. Can an online educational game contribute to developing information literate citizens? Computers & Education 161 (2021), 104057.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201315","author":"Yin Michael","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michael Yin, Emi Wang, Chuoxi Ng, and Robert Xiao. 2024. Lies, Deceit, and Hallucinations: Player Perception and Expectations Regarding Trust and Deception in Games. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797619856844","article-title":"The illusion of consensus: A failure to distinguish between true and false consensus","volume":"30","author":"Yousif Sami R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sami R Yousif, Rosie Aboody, and Frank C Keil. 2019. The illusion of consensus: A failure to distinguish between true and false consensus. Psychological Science 30, 8 (2019), 1195\u20131204.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201925)","author":"Zeng Yuhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yuhan Zeng, Yingxuan Shi, Xuehan Huang, Fiona Nah, and RAY LC. 2025. \"Ronaldo\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s a poser!\": How the Use of Generative AI Shapes Debates in Online Forums. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201925). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 18. 10.1145\/3706598.3713829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201925)","author":"Zhang Qinshi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qinshi Zhang, Ruoyu Wen, Latisha Besariani Hendra, Zijian Ding, and RAY LC. 2025. Can AI Prompt Humans? Multimodal Agents Prompt Players\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 Game Actions and Show Consequences to Raise Sustainability Awareness. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI \u201925). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 29. 10.1145\/3706598.3713661"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.03.004","article-title":"An overview of online fake news: Characterization, detection, and discussion","volume":"57","author":"Zhang Xichen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xichen Zhang and Ali A Ghorbani. 2020. An overview of online fake news: Characterization, detection, and discussion. Information Processing & Management 57, 2 (2020), 102025.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_159_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","volume":"38","author":"Zhong Wanjun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wanjun Zhong, Lianghong Guo, Qiqi Gao, He Ye, and Yanlin Wang. 2024. Memorybank: Enhancing large language models with long-term memory. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 38. 19724\u201319731."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3698061.3726920"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_161_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI \u201924)","author":"Zhou Suifang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suifang Zhou, Latisha Hendra, and Ray Lc. 2024. Eternagram: Post-Climate Devastation Text Adventure. In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction (VINCI \u201924). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u20132. isbn:9798400709678 10.1145\/3678698.3687201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_162_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201323","author":"Zhou Suifang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suifang Zhou, Latisha Besariani Hendra, Qinshi Zhang, Jussi Holopainen, and RAY LC. 2024. Eternagram: Probing Player Attitudes Towards Climate Change Using a ChatGPT-driven Text-based Adventure. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1\u201323."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_163_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI \u201925)","author":"Zhou Suifang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Suifang Zhou and Ray Lc. 2025. Eternagram: Inspiring Climate Action Through LLM-based Conversational Exploration of a Post-Devastation Climate Future. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI \u201925). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u20137. isbn:9798400715273 10.1145\/3719160.3735658"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3748600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T21:01:44Z","timestamp":1759698104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3748600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3748600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3748600","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}