{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:46:24Z","timestamp":1765453584698,"version":"3.46.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":27,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"The Ministry of Unification, Republic of Korea"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NR068758, RS-2024-00356597, and RS-2025-0056319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR068758, RS-2024-00356597, and RS-2025-0056319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3748699.3749786","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T07:01:29Z","timestamp":1765350089000},"page":"155-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tracking Economic Disparities in North Korea: Satellite Imagery Analysis Using AI with Policy Insights"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0723-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3895-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoshin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8473-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8443-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donggyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1130-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5488-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeok","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9726-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaemin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9632-3490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WoonChul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ministry of Unification, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongman","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4085-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meeyoung","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy, Bochum, Germany and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3875-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donghyun Ahn Jeasurk Yang Meeyoung Cha Hyunjoo Yang Jihee Kim Sangyoon Park Sungwon Han Eunji Lee Susang Lee and Sungwon Park. 2023. A human-machine collaborative approach measures economic development using satellite imagery. Nature Communications 14 1 (2023) 6811.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42122-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar Ayush Burak Uzkent Marshall Burke David Lobell and Stefano Ermon. 2020. Generating interpretable poverty maps using object detection in satellite images. arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2002.01612 (2020).","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Kathryn Baragwanath Ran Goldblatt Gordon Hanson and Amit\u00a0K Khandelwal. 2019. Detecting urban markets with satellite imagery: An application to India. Journal of Urban Economics (2019) 103\u2013173."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xi Chen and William\u00a0D Nordhaus. 2011. Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic statistics. PNAS 108 21 (2011) 8589\u20138594.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017031108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonathan\u00a0I Dingel Antonio Miscio and Donald\u00a0R Davis. 2019. Cities lights and skills in developing economies. Journal of Urban Economics (2019) 103\u2013174.","DOI":"10.3386\/w25678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noel Gorelick Matt Hancher Mike Dixon Simon Ilyushchenko David Thau and Rebecca Moore. 2017. Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote Sensing of Environment 202 (2017) 18\u201327.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Sungwon Han Donghyun Ahn Seungeon Lee Minhyuk Song Sungwon Park Sangyoon Park Jihee Kim and Meeyoung Cha. 2024. Geosee: Regional socio-economic estimation with a large language model. arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2406.09799 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394486.3403347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00a0Vernon Henderson Adam Storeygard and David\u00a0N Weil. 2012. Measuring economic growth from outer space. American Economic Review 102 2 (2012) 994\u20131028.","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.2.994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seema Jayachandran Joost De\u00a0Laat Eric\u00a0F Lambin Charlotte\u00a0Y Stanton Robin Audy and Nancy\u00a0E Thomas. 2017. Cash for carbon: A randomized trial of payments for ecosystem services to reduce deforestation. Science 357 6348 (2017) 267\u2013273.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan0568"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neal Jean Marshall Burke Michael Xie W\u00a0Matthew Davis David\u00a0B Lobell and Stefano Ermon. 2016. Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty. Science 353 6301 (2016) 790\u2013794.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souknilanh Keola Magnus Andersson and Ola Hall. 2015. Monitoring economic development from space: using nighttime light and land cover data to measure economic growth. World Development 66 (2015) 322\u2013334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawool Kim. 2022. Assessing regional economy in North Korea using nighttime light. Asia and the Global Economy 2 3 (2022) 100046.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aglobe.2022.100046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","volume-title":"A study on methodology for analyzing the North Korean economy using satellite data","author":"Kim Dawool","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dawool Kim, Jangho Choi, Sujeong Kim, and Heeseon Lee. 2023. A study on methodology for analyzing the North Korean economy using satellite data. Technical Report 23-02. KIEP Studies in Comprehensive Regional Strategies."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jihee Kim Kyoochul Kim Sangyoon Park and Chang Sun. 2023. The economic costs of trade sanctions: Evidence from North Korea. Journal of International Economics 145 (2023) 103813.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2023.103813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyoochul Kim. 2022. The North Korean economy seen by satellite: Estimates of national performance regional gaps based on nighttime light. Journal of Asian Economics 78 (2022) 101405.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asieco.2021.101405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Korea Development Institute (KDI). 2024. North Korea\u2019s Economic Policy Issues. https:\/\/www.kdi.re.kr\/eng\/research\/monNorth?pub_no=18615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Land and Housing Research Institute (LHRI) North Korea Research Center. 2023. 2022 North Korea Construction Development Comprehensive Report. Originally published in Korean."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stelios Michalopoulos and Elias Papaioannou. 2018. Spatial patterns of development: A meso approach. Annual Review of Economics 10 (2018) 383\u2013410.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-economics-080217-053355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxim Pinkovskiy. 2017. Growth discontinuities at borders. Journal of Economic Growth 22 2 (2017) 145\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10887-016-9139-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maxim Pinkovskiy and Xavier Sala-i Martin. 2016. Lights camera\u2026 income! Illuminating the national accounts-household surveys debate. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 131 2 (2016) 579\u2013631.","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjw003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neeti Pokhriyal and Damien\u00a0Christophe Jacques. 2017. Combining disparate data sources for improved poverty prediction and mapping. PNAS 114 46 (2017) 9783\u20139792.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700319114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adam Storeygard. 2016. Farther on down the road: transport costs trade and urban growth in sub-Saharan Africa. The Review of Economic Studies 83 3 (2016) 1263\u20131295.","DOI":"10.1093\/restud\/rdw020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isabelle Tingzon Ardie Orden Kevin\u00a0Thomas Go Stephanie Sy Vedran Sekara Ingmar Weber Masoomali Fatehkia Manuel Garc\u00eda-Herranz and D Kim. 2019. Mapping poverty in the Philippines using machine learning satellite imagery and crowd-sourced geospatial information. ISPRS Archives 42 (2019) 425\u2013431.","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W19-425-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christopher Yeh Anthony Perez Anne Driscoll George Azzari Zhongyi Tang David Lobell Stefano Ermon and Marshall Burke. 2020. Using publicly available satellite imagery and deep learning to understand economic well-being in Africa. Nature Communications 11 1 (2020) 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16185-w"}],"event":{"name":"GoodIT '25: International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good","sponsor":["SIGCAS ACM Special Interest Group on Computers and Society"],"location":"Antwerp Belgium","acronym":"GoodIT '25"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3748699.3749786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:00:55Z","timestamp":1765450855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3748699.3749786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3748699.3749786","10.1145\/3748699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3748699.3749786","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}