{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T04:24:59Z","timestamp":1770524699195,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"JST COI-NEXT","award":["JPMJPF2201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2201"]}]},{"name":"JST SPRING","award":["JPMJSP2108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Appl. Percept."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Social media platforms widely use the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">like<\/jats:italic>\n                    function to evaluate content and stimulate user engagement. However, while this function was originally intended to express authentic emotional responses, it is now often used for impression management or social signaling. This study proposes an approach that directly links the bodily expression of smiling to evaluation. This approach enhances user engagement with video content by removing the need for manual operations and is also expected to improve the user\u2019s emotional state based on the facial feedback hypothesis, which suggests that deliberately forming a smile induces positive psychological effects. We developed a video-viewing smartphone application that detects smile intensity via the front-facing camera, converts detected smiles into\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">likes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and delivers real-time visual feedback. In a within-subjects study with 18 participants, we compared this smile-based evaluation with a traditional button-based method. Quantitative analysis showed that the smile-based evaluation significantly improved user engagement in terms of attention to content and feeling of involvement. Qualitative analysis revealed Embodied Feedback Loops comprising smile generation, system response, and amplified positive affect, strengthening emotional self-awareness. At the same time, the study highlighted challenges related to variability in users\u2019 expressiveness and biases against content that elicits less visibly expressive content. These findings indicate that smile-based evaluation can curb strategic behavior while enriching affective engagement, offering design insights for perceptually grounded, expression-based interaction techniques in immersive media applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3748823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T22:39:42Z","timestamp":1753223982000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smile to Like: Effects of Facial Expression-Based Evaluation on Media Engagement and Emotional Self-Awareness"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9170-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Ohara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9811-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuyuki","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arrowheads Inc., Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9010-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuji","family":"Narumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2075638"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.04.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376680"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027385.3027440"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60024-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.10.0353"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1255047.1255056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/gpr0000030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781410615862-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12010021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804281-6.00014-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1415404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.70.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/21463"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.2.342"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"JAPAN FAVE. 2024. The Transmutation of the \u201cImpression Zombies\u201d: A Journey from Chaos to Enlightenment. Retrieved January 21 2024 from https:\/\/japanfave.com\/the-transmutation-of-the-impression-zombies-a-journey-from-chaos-to-enlightenment\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-014-0461-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v6i1.14286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiel Mark Gilleade Alan Dix and Jen Allanson. 2005. Affective videogames and modes of affective gaming: Assist me challenge me emote me. In Proceedings of DiGRA 2005 Conference: Changing Views: Worlds in Play. DiGRA. Retrieved from https:\/\/dl.digra.org\/index.php\/dl\/article\/view\/229","DOI":"10.26503\/dl.v2005i1.229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GEM.2018.8516439"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1018817"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025642"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051231195542"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.09.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0202"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3686909"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.272"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650217719596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612445312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103817"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3327385"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v10i1.14768"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyab010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-02139-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042573"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","unstructured":"Xinye Lin Mingyuan Xia and Xue Liu. 2015. Does \u201clike\u201d really mean like? A study of the Facebook fake like phenomenon and an efficient countermeasure. arXiv:1503.05414. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1503.05414"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892521"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1554477X.2023.2198051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.2.224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Works-in-Progress and Demonstration Track of the 12th AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP)","author":"Matsubara Fuyuki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fuyuki Matsubara. 2024. BlitzMe: A social media platform combining smile recognition and human computation for positive mood enhancement. In Proceedings of the Works-in-Progress and Demonstration Track of the 12th AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.94.6.925"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208525"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","unstructured":"Lennart E. Nacke and Craig A. Lindley. 2010. Affective ludology flow and immersion in a first-person shooter: Measurement of player experience. arXiv:1004.0248. Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1004.0248"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","unstructured":"TikTok Newsroom. 2020. How TikTok Recommends Videos# ForYou. Retrieved January 21 2020 from https:\/\/newsroom.tiktok.com\/en-us\/how-tiktok-recommends-videos-for-you"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1140.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2015.1127248"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642690"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2883851.2883888"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617706082"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoG47356.2020.9231694"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2132\/jjpjspp.9.2_138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2022.3188390"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1908369116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.54.5.768"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(97)00088-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025574"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/765891.765957"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2022.102872"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","volume-title":"Affect Imagery Consciousness: The Complete Edition: Two Volumes","author":"Tomkins S. S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"S. S. Tomkins. 2008. Affect Imagery Consciousness: The Complete Edition: Two Volumes. Springer Publishing Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2030112.2030114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2014.2316163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2459236.2459243"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19656-0_44"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3748823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:55:26Z","timestamp":1770447326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3748823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3748823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3748823","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3558","1544-3965"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3558","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-3965","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}