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Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in contact-free vital signs monitoring, yet how to clearly separate distinct vital signs (e.g., respiration and heartbeat) co-located on a human body remains largely open. Prior art typically leverages complex post-processing techniques, such as sophisticated filters and even deep learning models, but their performances are often questionable given their non-robust outcome and high computational complexity. To this end, we propose to exploit fine-grained physical resolution to act as a pre-processing threshold, so that a targeted vital signs waveform can be distilled out of interferences from both body motion and other vital signs; we then construct Sonic-Fi as an ultrasonic sensing platform to realize this ambition. Sonic-Fi is built on innovatively crafted hardware to achieve a tunable resolution at mm-level, which serves as a physical threshold to separate two co-located waveforms with distinct amplitudes. This separation further enables us to design algorithms that recover the beyond-threshold waveform with amplitude interpolation while obtaining the below-threshold one via phase tracing. The same concept is finally adapted to eliminate the effects of body movements. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Sonic-Fi is capable of simultaneously recovering respiratory and heartbeat waveforms accurately, significantly promoting contact-free vital signs monitoring for real-world adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3749460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T17:15:45Z","timestamp":1756919745000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sonic-Fi: Practical Vital Signs Distillation Leveraging Fine-grained Physical Resolution"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8431-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-5999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-1987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean University of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7036-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702200"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"601","article-title":"A Digital Health Intervention to Lower Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"1","author":"Anand Sonia S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonia S Anand, Zainab Samaan, Catherine Middleton, Jane Irvine, Dipika Desai, Karleen M Schulze, Stena Sothiratnam, Fathima Hussain, Baiju R Shah, Guillaume Pare, et al. 2016. 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