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ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Photoplethysmography (PPG)-based foundation models are gaining traction due to the widespread use of PPG in biosignal monitoring and their potential to track diverse health indicators. In this paper, we introduce Pulse-PPG, an open-source PPG foundation model trained exclusively on raw PPG data collected over a 100-day field study with 120 participants. Existing open-source PPG foundation models are trained on clinical data, and those trained on field data are closed source, limiting their applicability in real-world settings. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Pulse-PPG, trained on uncurated field data, exhibits superior generalization and performance across clinical and mobile health applications in both lab and field settings, when compared with state-of-the-art PPG foundation models trained on clinical data. Exposure to real-world variability in field-collected PPG data enables Pulse-PPG to learn more robust representations. Furthermore, pre-training Pulse-PPG on field data outperforms its own pre-training on clinical data in many tasks, reinforcing the importance of training on real-world datasets. To encourage further advancements in robust PPG modeling, we have open-sourced*our Pulse-PPG model, providing researchers with a valuable resource for developing the next generation of task-specific PPG-based models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3749494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T17:15:45Z","timestamp":1756919745000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pulse-PPG: An Open-Source Field-Trained PPG Foundation Model for Wearable Applications across Lab and Field Settings"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1510-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithun","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwell A.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9809-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanting","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James M.","family":"Rehg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Accessed April 2025. 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