{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:29:49Z","timestamp":1779103789510,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":27,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"European Union - Next Generation EU - The Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.3, CUP D53C22002380006, partnership on \u201cFuture Artificial Intelligence Research\u201d (PE00000013\u00a0- program \u201cFAIR\u201d)","award":["D53C22002380006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D53C22002380006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3750069.3750103","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T15:38:17Z","timestamp":1760456297000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Towards Human-Centered RAG: A Study of AI-Supported Testing Practices in Italian Public Administration"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6949-5529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Alrabie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9804-4009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Andolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST57152.2023.00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Salvatore Andolina and Joseph\u00a0A. Konstan. 2023. Introduction to the Special Issue on AI Decision-Making and the Impact on Humans. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 39 7 (2023) 1367\u20131370. 10.1080\/10447318.2023.2175520","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2175520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RE59067.2024.00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21606\/drs.2020.282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matej Bab\u0161ek Dejan Rav\u0161elj Lan Umek and Aleksander Aristovnik. 2025. Artificial intelligence adoption in public administration: An overview of top-cited articles and practical applications. AI 6 3 (2025) 44.","DOI":"10.3390\/ai6030044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 2 (2006) 77\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiziana Catarci Giacinto Matarazzo and Gianluigi Raiss. 2002. Driving usability into the public administration: the Italian experience. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 57 2 (2002) 121\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(02)91014-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-8440-0_49-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3527927.3535197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Yunfan Gao Yun Xiong Xinyu Gao Kangxiang Jia Jinliu Pan Yuxi Bi Yixin Dai Jiawei Sun Haofen Wang and Haofen Wang. 2023. Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2312.10997 2 1 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiafeng Gu. 2025. A Research of Challenges and Solutions in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Systems. Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology 124 (02 2025) 132\u2013138. 10.54097\/364hex16","DOI":"10.54097\/364hex16"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3750069.3755960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Katja Karhu Jussi Kasurinen and Kari Smolander. 2025. Expectations vs Reality\u2013A Secondary Study on AI Adoption in Software Testing. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2504.04921 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LISAT63094.2024.10808042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Salem Lahlou. 2025. Mitigating Societal Cognitive Overload in the Age of AI: Challenges and Directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2504.19990 (2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel et\u00a0al. 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 9459\u20139474."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haochen Liu Yiqi Wang Wenqi Fan Xiaorui Liu Yaxin Li Shaili Jain Yunhao Liu Anil Jain and Jiliang Tang. 2022. Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspective. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 14 1 Article 4 (Nov. 2022) 59\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3546872","DOI":"10.1145\/3546872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohit Madan and Mona Ashok. 2023. AI adoption and diffusion in public administration: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Government Information Quarterly 40 1 (2023) 101774.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2022.101774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ines Mergel Helen Dickinson Jari Stenvall and Mila Gasco. 2024. Implementing AI in the public sector. Public Management Review (2024) 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2023.2231950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozlem Ozmen\u00a0Garibay Brent Winslow Salvatore Andolina Margherita Antona Anja Bodenschatz Constantinos Coursaris Gregory Falco Stephen\u00a0M Fiore Ivan Garibay Keri Grieman et\u00a0al. 2023. Six human-centered artificial intelligence grand challenges. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 39 3 (2023) 391\u2013437.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2022.2153320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Jiho Shin Reem Aleithan Hadi Hemmati and Song Wang. 2024. Retrieval-Augmented Test Generation: How Far Are We? arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2409.12682 (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Shneiderman. 2020. Human-centered artificial intelligence: Reliable safe & trustworthy. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 36 6 (2020) 495\u2013504.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1741118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Tilahun\u00a0Abedissa Taffa and Ricardo Usbeck. 2023. Leveraging llms in scholarly knowledge graph question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2311.09841 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colin Van\u00a0Noordt and Luca Tangi. 2023. The dynamics of AI capability and its influence on public value creation of AI within public administration. Government Information Quarterly 40 4 (2023) 101860.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2023.101860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anca\u00a0Florentina Vatamanu and Mihaela Tofan. 2025. Integrating artificial intelligence into public administration: Challenges and vulnerabilities. Administrative Sciences 15 4 (2025) 149.","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci15040149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuchen Wang Shangxin Guo and Chee\u00a0Wei Tan. 2025. From code generation to software testing: AI Copilot with context-based RAG. IEEE Software (2025).","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2025.3549628"}],"event":{"name":"CHItaly 2025: CHItaly 2025: 16th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter","location":"Salerno Italy","acronym":"CHItaly 2025"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 16th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3750069.3750103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T11:28:46Z","timestamp":1760614126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3750069.3750103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3750069.3750103","10.1145\/3750069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3750069.3750103","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}