{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T14:10:48Z","timestamp":1760623848104,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge graphs (KGs) are powerful tools for representing and reasoning over structured information. Their main components include schema, identity, and context. While schema and identity matching are well-established in ontology and entity matching research, context matching remains largely unexplored. This is particularly important because real-world KGs often vary significantly in source, size, and information density\u2014factors not typically represented in the datasets on which current entity matching methods are evaluated. As a result, existing approaches may fall short in scenarios where diverse and complex contexts need to be integrated.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To address this gap, we propose a novel KG integration method consisting of label matching and triple matching. We use string manipulation, fuzzy matching, and vector similarity techniques to align entity and predicate labels. Next, we identify mappings between triples that convey comparable information, using these mappings to improve entity-matching accuracy. Our approach demonstrates competitive performance compared with leading systems in the OAEI competition and against supervised methods, achieving high accuracy across diverse test cases. Additionally, we introduce a new dataset derived from the benchmark dataset to evaluate the triple-matching step more comprehensively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3754338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:23:20Z","timestamp":1753356200000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Full Triple Matcher: Integrating All Triple Elements between Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3825-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Eiti","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Informatics","place":["Chiyoda, Japan"]},{"name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies","place":["Chiyoda, Japan"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2909-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Informatics","place":["Chiyoda, Japan"]},{"name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies","place":["Chiyoda, Japan"]}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","article-title":"A survey of schema matching research using database schemas and instances","volume":"8","author":"Alwan Ali A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali A Alwan, Azlin Nordin, Mogahed Alzeber, and Abedallah Zaid Abualkishik. 2017. 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