{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:58:20Z","timestamp":1776931100158,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":45,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-2104819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2104819"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3756884.3766030","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T07:47:22Z","timestamp":1764920842000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Sensory Levels on Presence and Cybersickness in Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6634-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Champury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6282-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharif Mohammad","family":"Shahnewaz Ferdous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehmet\u00a0\u0130lker Berkman and G\u00fcven \u00c7atak. 2021. I-group presence questionnaire: Psychometrically revised English version. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 7 (2021) 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.22531\/muglajsci.882271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nilotpal Biswas Anamitra Mukherjee and Samit Bhattacharya. 2024. \u201cAre you feeling sick?\u201d A systematic literature review of cybersickness in virtual reality. 38\u00a0pages. Issue 11. 10.1145\/3670008","DOI":"10.1145\/3670008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alan Chalmers and Andrej Ferko. 2008. Levels of realism. (04 2008) 19\u201325. 10.1145\/1921264.1921272","DOI":"10.1145\/1921264.1921272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ananth N.\u00a0Ramaseri Chandra Fatima\u00a0El Jamiy and Hassan Reza. 2022. A Systematic Survey on Cybersickness in Virtual Environments. Computers 11 (03 2022) 51\u201351. Issue 4. 10.3390\/computers11040051","DOI":"10.3390\/computers11040051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tosti\u00a0H.C. Chiang. 2021. Investigating Effects of Interactive Virtual Reality Games and Gender on Immersion Empathy and Behavior Into Environmental Education. Frontiers in Psychology 12 (07 2021). 10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.608407","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.608407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natalia Cooper Ferdinando Milella Carlo Pinto Iain Cant Mark White and Georg Meyer. 2018. The effects of substitute multisensory feedback on task performance and the sense of presence in a virtual reality environment. PloS one 13 2 (2018) e0191846.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191846"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Natalia Cooper Ferdinando Milella Carlo\u00a0Alberto Pinto Iain Cant Mark White and Georg Meyer. 2018. The effects of substitute multisensory feedback on task performance and the sense of presence in a virtual reality environment. PLoS ONE 13 (02 2018). Issue 2. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0191846","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191846"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James\u00a0J Cummings and Jeremy\u00a0N Bailenson. 2016. How immersive is enough? A meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on user presence. Media psychology 19 2 (2016) 272\u2013309.","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2015.1015740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarah D\u2019Amour Jelte\u00a0E Bos and Behrang Keshavarz. 2017. The efficacy of airflow and seat vibration on reducing visually induced motion sickness. Experimental brain research 235 9 (2017) 2811\u20132820.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5009-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yeni Erita Yalvema Miaz Jupriani Jupriani Silvi Hevria and Rosmadi Fauzi. 2024. Using Virtual Reality to Enhance Twenty-First-Century Skills in Elementary School Students: A Systematic Literature Review. Open Education Studies 6 (01 2024). Issue 1. 10.1515\/edu-2024-0030","DOI":"10.1515\/edu-2024-0030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3281505.3281547"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Freeman Sarah Reeve Abigail Robinson Anke Ehlers David\u00a0M. Clark Bernhard Spanlang and Mel Slater. 2017. Virtual reality in the assessment understanding and treatment of mental health disorders. 2393-2400\u00a0pages. Issue 14. 10.1017\/s003329171700040x","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329171700040x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yung g Chen Huey\u00a0Min Sun and Yu\u00a0Hsiang Shih. 2022. The effect of motion sickness on presence and user experience for head-mounted virtual reality. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics 9 (01 2022) 111\u2013111. Issue 2. 10.1504\/ijhfe.2022.122390","DOI":"10.1504\/ijhfe.2022.122390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maria Gallagher and Elisa\u00a0Raffaella Ferr\u00e8. 2018. Cybersickness: a Multisensory Integration Perspective. Multisensory Research 31 (01 2018) 645\u2013674. Issue 7. 10.1163\/22134808-20181293","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-20181293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guilherme Gon\u00e7alves Miguel Melo Jos\u00e9 Vasconcelos-Raposo and Maximino Bessa. 2019. Impact of different sensory stimuli on presence in credible virtual environments. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 26 11 (2019) 3231\u20133240.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2926978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asim Hameed and Andrew Perkis. 2024. Authenticity and presence: defining perceived quality in VR experiences. Frontiers in Psychology 15 (04 2024). 10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1291650","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1291650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrie Heater. 1992. Being There: The Subjective Experience of Presence. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 1 (01 1992) 262\u2013271. https:\/\/dblp.uni-trier.de\/db\/journals\/presence\/presence1.html#Heater92","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Angelica Jasper Nathan\u00a0C. Sepich Stephen\u00a0B. Gilbert Jonathan\u00a0W. Kelly and Michael\u00a0C. Dorneich. 2023. Predicting cybersickness using individual and task characteristics. Computers in Human Behavior 146 (04 2023) 107800\u2013107800. 10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mustafa Kafes and Yusuf\u00a0Yal\u00e7\u0131n \u0130LER\u0130. 2025. Current status of virtual reality researches at healthcare: thematic and bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 6 (05 2025). 10.3389\/frvir.2025.1411075","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2025.1411075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"Sam Kavanagh Andrew Luxton-Reilly Burkhard W\u00fcensche and Beryl Plimmer. 2017. A systematic review of Virtual Reality in education. 85-119\u00a0pages. Issue 2. http:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/EJ1165633.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrang Keshavarz and Heiko Hecht. 2011. Validating an efficient method to quantify motion sickness. Human factors 53 4 (2011) 415\u2013426.","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811403736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181312561354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juno Kim Wilson Luu and Stephen Palmisano. 2020. Multisensory integration and the experience of scene instability presence and cybersickness in virtual environments. Computers in Human Behavior 113 (2020) 106484.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tohru Kiryu and Richard H.\u00a0Y. So. 2007. Sensation of presence and cybersickness in applications of virtual reality for advanced rehabilitation. Issue 1. 10.1186\/1743-0003-4-34","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-4-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Marina Kostrova and Victoria Yuri-Andersson. 2020. Designing with Sound to Reduce Motion Sickness in VR."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Panagiotis Kourtesis and Agapi Papadopoulou. 2024. Cybersickness in Virtual Reality: The Role of Individual Differences Its Effects on Cognitive Functions and Motor Skills and Intensity Differences during and after Immersion. Virtual Worlds 3 (02 2024) 62\u201393. Issue 1. 10.3390\/virtualworlds3010004","DOI":"10.3390\/virtualworlds3010004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joseph\u00a0J. LaViola. 2000. A discussion of cybersickness in virtual environments. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 32 (01 2000) 47\u201356. Issue 1. 10.1145\/333329.333344","DOI":"10.1145\/333329.333344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrew\u00a0Alfonso Lie Owen\u00a0Tamashi Buntoro Eko\u00a0Setyo Purwanto and Muhamad\u00a0Keenan Ario. 2024. The future of virtual reality: Prospect and problems. Procedia Computer Science 245 (01 2024) 355\u2013364. 10.1016\/j.procs.2024.10.261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.10.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jessica\u00a0L. Maples\u2010Keller Carly Yasinski Nicole Manjin and Barbara\u00a0O. Rothbaum. 2017. Virtual Reality-Enhanced Extinction of Phobias and Post-Traumatic Stress. 554-563\u00a0pages. Issue 3. 10.1007\/s13311-017-0534-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0534-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daniel Martin Sandra Malpica Diego Guti\u00e9rrez Bel\u00e9n Masi\u00e1 and Ana Serrano. 2022. Multimodality in VR: A Survey. 36\u00a0pages. 10.1145\/3508361","DOI":"10.1145\/3508361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matteo Marucci Gianluca\u00a0Di Flumeri Gianluca Borghini Nicolina Sciaraffa Michele Scandola Enea\u00a0Francesco Pavone Fabio Babiloni Viviana Betti and Pietro Aric\u00f2. 2021. The impact of multisensory integration and perceptual load in virtual reality settings on performance workload and presence. Scientific Reports 11 (03 2021). Issue 1. 10.1038\/s41598-021-84196-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84196-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Michael\u00a0E. McCauley and Thomas\u00a0J. Sharkey. 1992. Cybersickness: Perception of Self-Motion in Virtual Environments. PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality 1 (01 1992) 311\u2013318. Issue 3. 10.1162\/pres.1992.1.3.311","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1992.1.3.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Brian McCue. 1995. Virtual Reality and Technologies for Combat Simulation. https:\/\/govinfo.library.unt.edu\/ota\/Ota_1\/DATA\/1994\/9444.PDF"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0M. Oman. 1990. Motion sickness: a synthesis and evaluation of the sensory conflict theory. 294-303\u00a0pages. Issue 2. 10.1139\/y90-044","DOI":"10.1139\/y90-044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR58804.2024.00103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3520495.3520518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Witold Pawe\u0142czyk Dorota Olejarz Zofia Gawe\u0142 Magdalena Merta Aleksandra Nowakowska Magdalena Nowak Anna Rutkowska Ladislav Ba\u0165al\u00edk and Sebastian Rutkowski. 2025. Understanding Cybersickness and Presence in Seated VR: A Foundation for Exploring Therapeutic Applications of Immersive Virtual Environments. Journal of Clinical Medicine 14 (04 2025) 2718\u20132718. Issue 8. 10.3390\/jcm14082718","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G.\u00a0S.\u00a0Rajshekar Reddy. 2023. Captivating the Senses: Crafting a Multisensory Virtual Experience for Enhanced Realism. (10 2023). 10.1145\/3594739.3610681","DOI":"10.1145\/3594739.3610681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuki Sawada Yoshihiro Itaguchi Masami Hayashi Kosuke Aigo Takuya Miyagi Masayuki Miki Tetsuya Kimura and Makoto Miyazaki. 2020. Effects of synchronised engine sound and vibration presentation on visually induced motion sickness. Scientific reports 10 1 (2020) 7553.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64302-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mel Slater Martin Usoh and Anthony Steed. 1994. Depth of presence in virtual environments. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments 3 2 (1994) 130\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1994.3.2.130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamus\u00a0P Smith Eugene Nalivaiko Sam Owen Didier Depireux and Mark Flynn. 2025. Exploring vestibular stimulation to reduce the influence of cybersickness on virtual reality experiences. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 5 (2025) 1478106.","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2024.1478106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacob Stec and Selvanayaki\u00a0Kolandapalayam Shanmugam. 2020. A Study and Implementation of Virtual Reality and its Capabilities. 2 (03 2020) 203\u2013207. 10.1145\/3388142.3388173","DOI":"10.1145\/3388142.3388173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin Usoh Ernest Catena Sima Arman and Mel Slater. 2000. Using presence questionnaires in reality. Presence 9 5 (2000) 497\u2013503.","DOI":"10.1162\/105474600566989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S\u00e9amas Weech Sophie Kenny and Michael Barnett\u2010Cowan. 2019. Presence and Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Are Negatively Related: A Review. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00158","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e9amas Weech Jae Moon and Nikolaus\u00a0F Troje. 2018. Influence of bone-conducted vibration on simulator sickness in virtual reality. PloS one 13 3 (2018) e0194137.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194137"}],"event":{"name":"VRST '25: 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","location":"Montreal QC Canada","acronym":"VRST '25","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 31st ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3756884.3766030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T09:10:04Z","timestamp":1764925804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3756884.3766030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3756884.3766030","10.1145\/3756884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3756884.3766030","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}