{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:32:59Z","timestamp":1760661179900,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000879","name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G-2022-19472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-2022-19472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Scientific open-source software (OSS) has greatly benefited research communities through its transparent and collaborative nature. Given its critical role in scientific research, ensuring the efficiency of collaboration within development teams of scientific OSS has become vital. Earlier research has identified both the challenges and opportunities associated with interdisciplinary team collaboration in developing conventional scientific software, as well as the dynamics of distributed teams in the context of OSS development. However, it remains unclear whether these challenges are still present and if their solutions can be seamlessly adapted to the context of scientific OSS and its broader ecosystem. Therefore, this study examines the challenges and opportunities for improving the collaboration efficiency in the development and maintenance of scientific OSS, focusing on\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">interdisciplinary<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">multi-project<\/jats:italic>\n            collaboration within the open-source environment. We conducted a mixed-methods case study on the\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Astropy<\/jats:italic>\n            project, a widely-used software ecosystem in astronomy, including (1) a detailed analysis of the commit history to understand the roles and activities of each contributor; (2) an in-depth investigation of cross-referenced issues and pull requests to identify challenges and best practices for cross-project collaboration at the ecosystem level; and (3) an interview study with core contributors to complement the first two steps, examining their collaborative efforts within an interdisciplinary team and across a multi-project ecosystem. We contribute to the CSCW community by deepening the understanding of collaboration in scientific OSS ecosystems, highlighting practices and challenges both at the individual project level and across a broader ecosystem. Our findings offer insights into managing cross-project interdependencies and propose strategies to address key obstacles in scientific OSS development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3757462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:32:00Z","timestamp":1760635920000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Collaboration Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Scientific Open-Source Software Ecosystem: A Case Study on Astropy"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5222-9855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7626-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarya","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0605-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin L.C.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6346-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shurui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327051HCI1523_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"ADORE. 2024. The Amsterdam Declaration on Funding Research Software Sustainability. https:\/\/adore.software\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/MCSE.2014.5","article-title":"Water Science Software Institute: Agile and Open Source Scientific Software Development","volume":"16","author":"Ahalt Stan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stan Ahalt, Larry Band, Laura Christopherson, Ray Idaszak, Chris Lenhardt, Barbara Minsker, Margaret Palmer, Mary Shelley, Michael Tiemann, and Ann Zimmerman. 2014. Water Science Software Institute: Agile and Open Source Scientific Software Development. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 16, 3 (2014), 18-26.","journal-title":"Computing in Science & Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Usman Akhlaq and Muhammad Usman Yousaf. 2010. Impact of software comprehension in software maintenance and evolution."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol.","volume":"62","author":"Ameller David","year":"2015","unstructured":"David Ameller, Xavier Burgu\u00e9s, Oriol Collell, Dolors Costal, Xavier Franch, and Mike P. Papazoglou. 2015. Development of service-oriented architectures using model-driven development. Inf. Softw. Technol., Vol. 62, C (June 2015), 42-66."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"anonymous. 2024. Replication Package. https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/12631813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110848"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"astrofrog. 2023. Automated Pull Requests. https:\/\/github.com\/astrofrog\/batchpr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023a. Astropy Affiliated Packages. https:\/\/www.astropy.org\/affiliated\/index.html#affiliated-packages"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023b. Astropy Coordinated Packages. https:\/\/www.astropy.org\/affiliated\/#coordinated-packages"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023c. Astropy core library. https:\/\/github.com\/astropy\/astropy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023d. Astropy core package maintainer. https:\/\/www.astropy.org\/team.html#Core_package_general_maintainer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023 e. Astropy infrastructure packages. https:\/\/www.astropy.org\/affiliated\/index.html#infrastructure-packages"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023 f. The Astropy Project. https:\/\/www.astropy.org\/about.html#about-the-astropy-project"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Astropy. 2023 g. astropy\/astropy-project. https:\/\/github.com\/astropy\/astropy-project\/issues\/118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1749-4699\/6\/1\/015010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments. Administrative science quarterly","author":"Barley Stephen R","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stephen R Barley. 1986. Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments. Administrative science quarterly (1986), 78-108."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635887"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2575.2001.00111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-010-9114-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"W.E. Bijker T.P. Hughes T.J. Pinch and T. Pinch. 1989. The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Biopython. 2023. Biopython: a set of freely available tools for biological computation written in Python by an international team of developers. https:\/\/biopython.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1453101.1453107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2950290.2950325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","article-title":"When and How to Make Breaking Changes: Policies and Practices in 18 Open Source Software Ecosystems","volume":"30","author":"Bogart Chris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chris Bogart, Christian K\u00e4stner, James Herbsleb, and Ferdian Thung. 2021. When and How to Make Breaking Changes: Policies and Practices in 18 Open Source Software Ecosystems. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol., Vol. 30, 4, Article 42 (July 2021), 56 pages.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health","author":"Braun Virginia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2021. To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, Vol. 13, 2 (2021), 201-216."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"BSSw. 2023. Better Scientific Software (BSSw). https:\/\/bssw.io\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12243","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2022.3216633","article-title":"Software Ecosystems Now and in the Future: A Definition, Systematic Literature Review, and Integration Into the Business and Digital Ecosystem Literature","volume":"71","author":"Burstr\u00f6m Thommie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thommie Burstr\u00f6m, Tom Lahti, Vinit Parida, Markus Wartiovaara, and Joakim Wincent. 2024. Software Ecosystems Now and in the Future: A Definition, Systematic Literature Review, and Integration Into the Business and Digital Ecosystem Literature. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 71 (2024), 12243-12258.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"CANARIE: Research Software. https:\/\/www.canarie.ca\/software\/","author":"CANARIE.","year":"2023","unstructured":"CANARIE. 2023. CANARIE: Research Software. https:\/\/www.canarie.ca\/software\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Exploring the function of member checking. The qualitative report","author":"Candela Amber G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amber G Candela. 2019. Exploring the function of member checking. The qualitative report, Vol. 24, 3 (2019), 619-628."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Waikiki","author":"Canfora Gerardo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerardo Canfora, Luigi Cerulo, Marta Cimitile, and Massimiliano Di Penta. 2011. Social interactions around cross-system bug fixings: the case of FreeBSD and OpenBSD. In Proceedings of the 8th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA) (MSR '11). 143-152."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"CHAOSS. 2024. CHAOSS metrics. https:\/\/chaoss.community\/kb-metrics-and-metrics-models\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Towards an explanatory and computational theory of scientific discovery","volume":"3","author":"Chen Chaomei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaomei Chen, Yue Chen, Mark Horowitz, Haiyan Hou, Zeyuan Liu, and Donald Pellegrino. 2009. Towards an explanatory and computational theory of scientific discovery. Journal of Informetrics, Vol. 3, 3 (July 2009), 191-209.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing","author":"Chen Nan-Chen","unstructured":"Nan-Chen Chen, Sarah Poon, Lavanya Ramakrishnan, and Cecilia R. Aragon. 2016. Considering Time in Designing Large-Scale Systems for Scientific Computing. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (San Francisco, California, USA) (CSCW '16). 1535-1547."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol.","volume":"145","author":"Chen Zhifei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhifei Chen, Wanwangying Ma, Lin Chen, and Wei Song. 2022. Collaboration in software ecosystems: A study of work groups in open environment. Inf. Softw. Technol., Vol. 145, C (May 2022), 13 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"8","author":"Cheng Kathy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kathy Cheng, Shurui Zhou, and Alison Olechowski. 2024. ''A Lot of Moving Parts'': A Case Study of Open-Source Hardware Design Collaboration in the Thingiverse Community. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 8, CSCW2, Article 469 (Nov. 2024), 29 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00145-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"838-867","author":"Huang Chua Cecil Eng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cecil Eng Huang Chua and Adrian Yong Kwang Yeow. 2010. Artifacts, Actors, and Interactions in the Cross-Project Coordination Practices of Open-Source Communities. Vol. 11, 12 (2010), 838-867."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering","author":"Coelho Jailton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jailton Coelho, Marco Tulio Valente, Luciana L. Silva, and Andr\u00e9 Hora. 2018. Why we engage in FLOSS: answers from core developers. In Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (Gothenburg, Sweden) (CHASE '18). 114-121."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 2023a. Horizon: Development of community-based approaches for ensuring and improving the quality of scientific software and code. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/funding-tenders\/opportunities\/portal\/screen\/opportunities\/topic-details\/horizon-infra-2023-eosc-01-02"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 2023b. Horizon Europe. https:\/\/research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu\/funding\/funding-opportunities\/funding-programmes-and-open-calls\/horizon-europe_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCWD.2019.8791855"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"CRAN. 2023a. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"CRAN. 2023b. CRAN package repository: Available Packages. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Turku","author":"Crowston Kevin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kevin Crowston. 2011. Lessons from volunteering and free\/libre open source software development for the future of work. In Researching the Future in Information Systems: IFIP WG 8.2 Working Conference, Turku, Finland, June 6-8, 2011. Proceedings. Springer, 215-229."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06)","volume":"6","author":"Crowston K.","unstructured":"K. Crowston, Kangning Wei, Qing Li, and J. Howison. 2006. Core and Periphery in Free\/Libre and Open Source Software Team Communications. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06), Vol. 6. 118a-118a."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Recommended Steps for Thematic Synthesis in Software Engineering. In 2011 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. 275-284","author":"Daniela","unstructured":"Daniela S. Cruzes and Tore Dyba. 2011. Recommended Steps for Thematic Synthesis in Software Engineering. In 2011 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. 275-284."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"1437","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Halifax, NS, Canada) (KDD '17)","author":"Dong Yuxiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuxiao Dong, Hao Ma, Zhihong Shen, and Kuansan Wang. 2017. A Century of Science: Globalization of Scientific Collaborations, Citations, and Innovations. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Halifax, NS, Canada) (KDD '17). 1437-1446."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3462204.3482889"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonah Duckles Beth Duckles and Daniel Sholler. 2024. Astropy Community Engagement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.10603049","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.10603049"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Eclipse Foundation: Projects. https:\/\/projects.eclipse.org\/","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eclipse. 2023. Eclipse Foundation: Projects. https:\/\/projects.eclipse.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"EVERSE. 2023. European Virtual Institute for Research Software Excellence. https:\/\/everse.software\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Opening science: The evolving guide on how the internet is changing research, collaboration and scholarly publishing","author":"Fecher Benedikt","unstructured":"Benedikt Fecher and Sascha Friesike. 2013. Open science: one term, five schools of thought. In Opening science: The evolving guide on how the internet is changing research, collaboration and scholarly publishing. Springer International Publishing Cham, 17-47."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"4","author":"Feger Sebastian S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sebastian S. Feger, Pawe\u0142 W. Wozniak, Lars Lischke, and Albrecht Schmidt. 2020. 'Yes, I comply!': Motivations and Practices around Research Data Management and Reuse across Scientific Fields. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 4, CSCW2, Article 141 (Oct. 2020), 26 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"4","author":"Feinberg Melanie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melanie Feinberg, Will Sutherland, Sarah Beth Nelson, Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi, and Arcot Rajasekar. 2020. The New Reality of Reproducibility: The Role of Data Work in Scientific Research. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 4, CSCW1, Article 35 (May 2020), 22 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"5","author":"Ferreira Isabella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Isabella Ferreira, Jinghui Cheng, and Bram Adams. 2021. The ''Shut the f**k up'' Phenomenon: Characterizing Incivility in Open Source Code Review Discussions. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 5, CSCW2, Article 353 (Oct. 2021), 35 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative inquiry","author":"Flyvbjerg Bent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bent Flyvbjerg. 2006. Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative inquiry, Vol. 12, 2 (2006), 219-245."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","unstructured":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. 2022. Better Software for Science. https:\/\/sloan.org\/programs\/digital-technology\/better-software-for-science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jill J Francis et al. 2010. What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychology and health (2010).","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440903194015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol.","volume":"91","author":"Franco-Bedoya Oscar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oscar Franco-Bedoya, David Ameller, Dolors Costal, and Xavier Franch. 2017. Open source software ecosystems. Inf. Softw. Technol., Vol. 91, C (Nov. 2017), 160-185."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"The changing frontier: Rethinking science and innovation policy","author":"Freeman Richard B","unstructured":"Richard B Freeman, Ina Ganguli, and Raviv Murciano-Goroff. 2014. Why and wherefore of increased scientific collaboration. In The changing frontier: Rethinking science and innovation policy. University of Chicago Press, 17-48."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641822.3641875"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"5","author":"Geiger R. Stuart","year":"2021","unstructured":"R. Stuart Geiger, Dorothy Howard, and Lilly Irani. 2021. The Labor of Maintaining and Scaling Free and Open-Source Software Projects. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 5, CSCW1, Article 175 (April 2021), 28 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 17th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR '13)","author":"German Daniel M.","unstructured":"Daniel M. German, Bram Adams, and Ahmed E. Hassan. 2013. The Evolution of the R Software Ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 2013 17th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR '13). IEEE Computer Society, USA, 243-252."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"2","author":"Germonprez Matt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matt Germonprez, Georg J.P. Link, Kevin Lumbard, and Sean Goggins. 2018. Eight Observations and 24 Research Questions About Open Source Projects: Illuminating New Realities. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 2, CSCW, Article 57 (Nov. 2018), 22 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","author":"Gharehyazie Mohammad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohammad Gharehyazie, Baishakhi Ray, and Vladimir Filkov. 2017. Some from here, some from there: cross-project code reuse in GitHub. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Buenos Aires, Argentina) (MSR '17). IEEE Press, 291-301."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"SUMMIT: Scaffolding Open Source Software Issue Discussion Through Summarization. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"7","author":"Gilmer Saskia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saskia Gilmer, Avinash Bhat, Shuvam Shah, Kevin Cherry, Jinghui Cheng, and Jin L.C. Guo. 2023. SUMMIT: Scaffolding Open Source Software Issue Discussion Through Summarization. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 7, CSCW2, Article 297 (Oct. 2023), 27 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","unstructured":"GitHub Inc. 2023. Enhanced support for citations on GitHub. https:\/\/github.blog\/2021-08-19-enhanced-support-citations-github\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morane Gruenpeter Daniel S. Katz Anna-Lena Lamprecht Tom Honeyman Daniel Garijo Alexander Struck Anna Niehues Paula Andrea Martinez Leyla Jael Castro Tovo Rabemanantsoa Neil P. Chue Hong Carlos Martinez-Ortiz Laurents Sesink Matthias Liffers Anne Claire Fouilloux Chris Erdmann Silvio Peroni Paula Martinez Lavanchy Ilian Todorov and Manodeep Sinha. 2021. Defining Research Software: a controversial discussion. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.5504016","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5504016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X05279903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764218772641","article-title":"Two Methodological Approaches to the Integration of Mixed Methods and Case Study Designs","volume":"62","author":"Guetterman Timothy C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Timothy C. Guetterman and Michael D. Fetters. 2018. Two Methodological Approaches to the Integration of Mixed Methods and Case Study Designs: A Systematic Review. American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 62, 7 (2018), 900-918.","journal-title":"A Systematic Review. American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"An emerging view of scientific collaboration: scientists' perspectives on collaboration and factors that impact collaboration","volume":"54","author":"Hara Noriko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Noriko Hara, Paul Solomon, Seung-Lye Kim, and Diane H. Sonnenwald. 2003. An emerging view of scientific collaboration: scientists' perspectives on collaboration and factors that impact collaboration. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 54, 10 (Aug. 2003), 952-965.","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Ralf Gommers, Pauli Virtanen, David Cournapeau, Eric Wieser, Julian Taylor","author":"Harris Charles R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Charles R Harris, K Jarrod Millman, St\u00e9fan J Van Der Walt, Ralf Gommers, Pauli Virtanen, David Cournapeau, Eric Wieser, Julian Taylor, Sebastian Berg, Nathaniel J Smith, et al., 2020. Array programming with NumPy. nature, Vol. 585, 7825 (2020), 357-362."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183399.3183417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1089014.1089021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312706054047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2015.7332471"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM 2011 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work","author":"Howison James","unstructured":"James Howison and James D. Herbsleb. 2011. Scientific software production: incentives and collaboration. In Proceedings of the ACM 2011 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Hangzhou, China) (CSCW '11). 513-522."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work","author":"Howison James","unstructured":"James Howison and James D. Herbsleb. 2013. Incentives and integration in scientific software production. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (San Antonio, Texas, USA) (CSCW '13). 459-470."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"7","author":"Hsieh Jane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jane Hsieh, Joselyn Kim, Laura Dabbish, and Haiyi Zhu. 2023. ''Nip it in the Bud'': Moderation Strategies in Open Source Software Projects and the Role of Bots. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 7, CSCW2, Article 301 (Oct. 2023), 29 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441825"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","unstructured":"GitHub Inc. 2022a. Encouraging helpful contributions to your project with labels. https:\/\/shorturl.ac\/7b5iu"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","unstructured":"GitHub Inc. 2022b. GitHub-Timeline events. https:\/\/docs.github.com\/en\/rest\/issues\/timeline"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","unstructured":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. 2023. Essential Open Source Software for Science. https:\/\/chanzuckerberg.com\/rfa\/essential-open-source-software-for-science\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2023.3235942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Supporting Scientific Collaboration: Methods, Tools and Concepts","volume":"22","author":"Jirotka Marina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marina Jirotka, Charlotte P. Lee, and Gary M. Olson. 2013. Supporting Scientific Collaboration: Methods, Tools and Concepts. Comput. Supported Coop. Work, Vol. 22, 4-6 (Aug. 2013), 667-715.","journal-title":"Comput. Supported Coop. Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","unstructured":"JOSS. 2023. The Journal of Open Source Software. https:\/\/joss.theoj.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","unstructured":"Daniel S. Katz. 2021. Towards sustainable research software."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","article-title":"Scientific software development viewed as knowledge acquisition","volume":"109","author":"Kelly Diane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diane Kelly. 2015. Scientific software development viewed as knowledge acquisition. J. Syst. Softw., Vol. 109, C (Nov. 2015), 50-61.","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","volume-title":"First International Workshop on Software Engineering for Computational Science and Engineering.","author":"Kelly Diane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diane Kelly, Rebecca Sanders, et al., 2008. Assessing the quality of scientific software. In First International Workshop on Software Engineering for Computational Science and Engineering."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2017.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"ACM Comput. Surv.","volume":"43","author":"Ko Amy J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amy J. Ko, Robin Abraham, Laura Beckwith, Alan Blackwell, Margaret Burnett, Martin Erwig, Chris Scaffidi, Joseph Lawrance, Henry Lieberman, Brad Myers, Mary Beth Rosson, Gregg Rothermel, Mary Shaw, and Susan Wiedenbeck. 2011. The state of the art in end-user software engineering. ACM Comput. Surv., Vol. 43, 3, Article 21 (April 2011), 44 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/DS-190026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Walking the Tightrope: The Balancing Acts of a Large e-Research","volume":"15","author":"Lawrence Katherine A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Katherine A. Lawrence. 2006. Walking the Tightrope: The Balancing Acts of a Large e-Research Project. Comput. Supported Coop. Work, Vol. 15, 4 (Aug. 2006), 385-411.","journal-title":"Project. Comput. Supported Coop. Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBPIM.2011.040209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380442"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering","author":"Ma Wanwangying","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wanwangying Ma, Lin Chen, Xiangyu Zhang, Yuming Zhou, and Baowen Xu. 2017. How do developers fix cross-project correlated bugs? a case study on the GitHub scientific python ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering (Buenos Aires, Argentina) (ICSE '17). IEEE Press, 381-392."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","article-title":"Revisiting software ecosystems Research","volume":"117","author":"Manikas Konstantinos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Konstantinos Manikas. 2016. Revisiting software ecosystems Research. J. Syst. Softw., Vol. 117, C (July 2016), 84-103.","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Conventions and Commitments in Distributed CSCW Groups. Comput. Supported Coop. Work","volume":"11","author":"Mark Gloria","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gloria Mark. 2002. Conventions and Commitments in Distributed CSCW Groups. Comput. Supported Coop. Work, Vol. 11, 3 (Nov. 2002), 349-387."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","author":"Mark Gloria","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gloria Mark and Steven Poltrock. 2003. Shaping technology across social worlds: groupware adoption in a distributed organization. In Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) (GROUP '03). 284-293."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","volume-title":"Matplotlib: Visualization with Python. https:\/\/matplotlib.org\/","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matplotlib. 2023. Matplotlib: Visualization with Python. https:\/\/matplotlib.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","unstructured":"Matthew B Miles and A Michael Huberman. 1994. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","first-page":"421","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Montreal","author":"Milewicz Reed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reed Milewicz, Gustavo Pinto, and Paige Rodeghero. 2019. Characterizing the roles of contributors in open-source scientific software projects. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) (MSR '19). IEEE Press, 421-432."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering","author":"Miller Courtney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Courtney Miller, Sophie Cohen, Daniel Klug, Bogdan Vasilescu, and Christian KaUstner. 2022. ''Did you miss my comment or what?'': understanding toxicity in open source discussions. In Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (ICSE '22). 710-722."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","volume-title":"Some Challenges Facing Scientific Software Developers: The Case of Molecular Biology. In 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science. 216-222","author":"Morris Chris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chris Morris and Judith Segal. 2009. Some Challenges Facing Scientific Software Developers: The Case of Molecular Biology. In 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science. 216-222."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Three Gaps in Opening","volume":"28","author":"Mosconi Gaia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gaia Mosconi, Qinyu Li, Dave Randall, Helena Karasti, Peter Tolmie, Jana Barutzky, Matthias Korn, and Volkmar Pipek. 2019. Three Gaps in Opening Science. Comput. Supported Coop. Work, Vol. 28, 3-4 (June 2019), 749-789.","journal-title":"Science. Comput. Supported Coop. Work"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"3","author":"Mostaeen Golam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golam Mostaeen, Banani Roy, Chanchal Roy, and Kevin Schneider. 2019. Designing for Real-Time Groupware Systems to Support Complex Scientific Data Analysis. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 3, EICS, Article 9 (June 2019), 28 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","volume-title":"JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE: GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. https:\/\/webb.nasa.gov\/","author":"NASA.","year":"2023","unstructured":"NASA. 2023a. JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE: GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER. https:\/\/webb.nasa.gov\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","unstructured":"NASA. 2023b. Open Source Science Initiative. https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/researchers\/open-science\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (Bolzano-Bozen, Italy) (ESEM '10)","author":"Nguyen-Hoan Luke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luke Nguyen-Hoan, Shayne Flint, and Ramesh Sankaranarayana. 2010. A survey of scientific software development. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (Bolzano-Bozen, Italy) (ESEM '10). Article 12, 10 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","unstructured":"NumFOCUS. 2023. NumFOCUS: Better tools to build a better world. https:\/\/numfocus.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","volume-title":"Case Study: First Image of a Black Hole. https:\/\/numpy.org\/case-studies\/blackhole-image\/","year":"2023","unstructured":"NumPy. 2023. Case Study: First Image of a Black Hole. https:\/\/numpy.org\/case-studies\/blackhole-image\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","unstructured":"NumPy. 2023. NumPy: The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python. https:\/\/numpy.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","unstructured":"Digital Research Alliance of Canada. 2023. Research Software. https:\/\/alliancecan.ca\/en\/services\/research-software"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1083142.1083163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"The geography of scientific collaboration","author":"Olechnicka Agnieszka","unstructured":"Agnieszka Olechnicka, Adam Ploszaj, and Dorota Celi'nska-Janowicz. 2018. The geography of scientific collaboration. Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","volume-title":"Using technology and constituting structures: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations","author":"Orlikowski Wanda J","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wanda J Orlikowski. 2000. Using technology and constituting structures: A practice lens for studying technology in organizations. Organization science, Vol. 11, 4 (2000), 404-428."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"1","author":"Paine Drew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drew Paine and Charlotte P. Lee. 2017. ''Who Has Plots?'': Contextualizing Scientific Software, Practice, and Visualizations. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 1, CSCW, Article 85 (Dec. 2017), 21 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Information. Springer, 27-37","author":"Pa Pe-Than Ei Pa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ei Pa Pa Pe-Than and James D Herbsleb. 2019. Understanding hackathons for science: Collaboration, affordances, and outcomes. In International Conference on Information. Springer, 27-37."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aabc4f","article-title":"The astropy project: building an open-science project and status of the v2. 0 core package","volume":"156","author":"Price-Whelan Adrian M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adrian M Price-Whelan et al., 2018. The astropy project: building an open-science project and status of the v2. 0 core package. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 156, 3 (2018), 123.","journal-title":"The Astronomical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac7c74"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377816.3381732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","unstructured":"ReSA. 2023. ReSA: Research Software Alliance. https:\/\/www.researchsoft.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on e-Social Science.","author":"Ribes David","year":"2007","unstructured":"David Ribes and Thomas A Finholt. 2007. Planning infrastructure for the long-term: Learning from cases in the natural sciences. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on e-Social Science."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","volume-title":"Selecting samples. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers","author":"Ritchie Jane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jane Ritchie, Jane Lewis, and R Gilliam Elam. 2013. Selecting samples. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, Vol. 111 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_130_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering","author":"Robbes Romain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Romain Robbes, Mircea Lungu, and David R\u00f6thlisberger. 2012. How do developers react to API deprecation? the case of a smalltalk ecosystem. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (Cary, North Carolina) (FSE '12). Article 56, 11 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","unstructured":"Danielle Robinson and Joe Hand. 2022. Sustainability in Research-Driven Open Source Software. https:\/\/www.codeforsociety.org\/resources\/report-sustainability-in-research-driven-open-source-software"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201322068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","unstructured":"rOpenSci. 2023. rOpenSci: R packages for the sciences. https:\/\/ropensci.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","volume-title":"A toolbox for developing bioinformatics software. Briefings in bioinformatics","author":"Rother Kristian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kristian Rother, Wojciech Potrzebowski, Tomasz Puton, Magdalena Rother, Ewa Wywial, and Janusz M Bujnicki. 2012. A toolbox for developing bioinformatics software. Briefings in bioinformatics, Vol. 13, 2 (2012), 244-257."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-008-9102-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers. The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"Johnny Salda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnny Salda na. 2021. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2021), 1-440."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","volume-title":"Hive: Collective Design Through Network Rotation. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.","volume":"2","author":"Salehi Niloufar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niloufar Salehi and Michael S. Bernstein. 2018. Hive: Collective Design Through Network Rotation. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 2, CSCW, Article 151 (Nov. 2018), 26 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2008.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_139_1","unstructured":"SciPy. 2023. SciPy: Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. https:\/\/scipy.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","unstructured":"Judith Segal. 2004. Professional end user developers and software development knowledge. (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_141_1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Some Problems of Professional End User Developers. In IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL\/HCC","author":"Segal Judith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Judith Segal. 2007. Some Problems of Professional End User Developers. In IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL\/HCC 2007). 111-118."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","unstructured":"Judith Segal. 2008. Scientists and software engineers: A tale of two cultures. (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","volume-title":"Sj\u00f8berg","author":"Shull Forrest","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forrest Shull, Janice Singer, and Dag I.K. Sj\u00f8berg. 2007. Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","volume-title":"Understanding Social Research Networking Sites","author":"Soeldner Jens-Henrik","unstructured":"Jens-Henrik Soeldner. 2021. Understanding Social Research Networking Sites,. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","unstructured":"Software Sustainability Institute. 2023. About the Software Sustainability Institute. https:\/\/www.software.ac.uk\/about"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.2007.1440410121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_148_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol.","volume":"59","author":"Steinmacher Igor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Igor Steinmacher, Marco Aurelio Graciotto Silva, Marco Aurelio Gerosa, and David F. Redmiles. 2015b. A systematic literature review on the barriers faced by newcomers to open source software projects. Inf. Softw. Technol., Vol. 59, C (March 2015), 67-85."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2017307.2017313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_151_1","volume-title":"ACM Comput. Surv.","volume":"50","author":"Storer Tim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tim Storer. 2017. Bridging the Chasm: A Survey of Software Engineering Practice in Scientific Programming. ACM Comput. Surv., Vol. 50, 4, Article 47 (Aug. 2017), 32 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","volume-title":"Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative research journal","author":"Suri Harsh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harsh Suri. 2011. Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative research journal, Vol. 11, 2 (2011), 63-75."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_153_1","volume-title":"IFIP International Conference on Open Source Systems. Springer, 109-126","author":"Mahbubul Syeed MM","year":"2013","unstructured":"MM Mahbubul Syeed and Imed Hammouda. 2013. Socio-technical congruence in oss projects: Exploring conway's law in freebsd. In IFIP International Conference on Open Source Systems. Springer, 109-126."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","unstructured":"Event Horizon Telescope. 2023. Event Horizon Telescope. https:\/\/eventhorizontelescope.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","volume-title":"Herbsleb","author":"Trainer Erik H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erik H. Trainer, Chalalai Chaihirunkarn, Arun Kalyanasundaram, and James D. Herbsleb. 2014. Community Code Engagements: Summer of Code & Hackathons for Community Building in Scientific Software. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work (Sanibel Island, Florida, USA) (GROUP '14). 111-121."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing","author":"Trainer Erik H.","unstructured":"Erik H. Trainer, Chalalai Chaihirunkarn, Arun Kalyanasundaram, and James D. Herbsleb. 2015. From Personal Tool to Community Resource: What's the Extra Work and Who Will Do It?. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW '15). 417-430."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","unstructured":"US-RSE. 2024. The United States Research Software Engineer Association. https:\/\/us-rse.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556420.2556833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Vasilescu Bogdan","unstructured":"Bogdan Vasilescu, Daryl Posnett, Baishakhi Ray, Mark G.J. van den Brand, Alexander Serebrenik, Premkumar Devanbu, and Vladimir Filkov. 2015. Gender and Tenure Diversity in GitHub Teams. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI '15). 3789-3798."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2926306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_162_1","volume-title":"2019 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL\/HCC). 217-221","author":"Widder David Gray","year":"2019","unstructured":"David Gray Widder, Joshua Sunshine, and Stephen Fickas. 2019. Barriers to Reproducible Scientific Programming. In 2019 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL\/HCC). 217-221."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901739.2901743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4625-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_166_1","volume-title":"2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 138-147","author":"Xavier Laerte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laerte Xavier, Aline Brito, Andre Hora, and Marco Tulio Valente. 2017. Historical and impact analysis of API breaking changes: A large-scale study. In 2017 IEEE 24th International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER). 138-147."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510196"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/776816.776867"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_169_1","volume-title":"Case study research: Design and methods","author":"Yin Robert K","unstructured":"Robert K Yin. 2009. Case study research: Design and methods. Vol. 5. sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_170_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC '10)","author":"Zhang Jia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jia Zhang. 2010. Co-Taverna: A Tool Supporting Collaborative Scientific Workflows. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC '10). IEEE Computer Society, USA, 41-48."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_171_1","unstructured":"Qian Zhang Susan Brown James Colliander Brian Corrie Gabor Fichtinger Scott Henwood Mark Leggott Catherine Lovekin Felipe P\u00e9rez-Jvostov Ghilaine Roquet and Marc-\u00c9tienne Rousseau. 2021. Research Software Current State Assessment."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3180155.3180205"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3757462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:39:32Z","timestamp":1760636372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3757462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3757462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3757462","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}