{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T15:06:15Z","timestamp":1780671975194,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Artificial intelligence (AI) holds tremendous potential but also poses consequential risks. Regulation frameworks like the EU AI Act aim to mitigate these risks, yet organizations struggle to understand and operationalize Responsible AI (RAI). We introduce the RAI Organizational Maturity (RAI-OM) framework as an initial step towards a RAI maturity model to highlight the many factors that influence an organization's RAI maturity. Developed through in-depth qualitative interviews and co-design sessions with 90 RAI experts, the RAI-OM framework consists of 24 dimensions grouped into three main categories:\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Organizational Foundations,<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Team Approach,<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RAI Practices.<\/jats:italic>\n            Our findings also provide further evidence for the interdependent nature of RAI's organizational factors, the import of collaboration for mature RAI, and the need to start RAI early in the AI lifecyle. Researchers and practitioners can use the RAI-OM framework and our research findings to not only understand the different moving parts in RAI's complex organizational machinery, but also address organizational barriers to RAI, unpack the different types of collaborations needed for mature RAI, and support RAI's articulation work and process.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3757514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1760633950000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Towards a Responsible AI Organizational Maturity Model"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy K.","family":"Heger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7921-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Passi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7725-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shipi","family":"Dhanorkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6185-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0964-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruotong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3322-3548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Vorvoreanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Accenture. 2021. The art of AI practice: Advancing from practice to performance. https:\/\/www.accenture.com\/content\/dam\/accenture\/final\/a-com-migration\/custom\/_acnmedia\/thought-leadership-assets\/pdf-4\/Accenture-Art-of-AI-Maturity-Report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2023.100193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58666-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3593990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Towards An Artificial Intelligence Maturity Model: From Science Fiction To Business Facts. In ACIS 2019 Proceedings.","volume":"46","author":"Alsheiabni Sulaiman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sulaiman Alsheiabni, Yen Cheung, and Chris Messom. 2019. Towards An Artificial Intelligence Maturity Model: From Science Fiction To Business Facts. In ACIS 2019 Proceedings., Vol. 46. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/pacis2019\/46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-024-00648-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-009-0044-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A survey of industrial experiences with CMM and the teaching of CMM practices","volume":"18","author":"Biberoglu Erol","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erol Biberoglu and Hisham Haddad. 2002. A survey of industrial experiences with CMM and the teaching of CMM practices. J. Comput. Sci. Coll., Vol. 18, 2 (dec 2002), 143-152.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Sarah Bird Miro Dud\u00edk Richard Edgar Brandon Horn Roman Lutz Vanessa Milan Mehrnoosh Sameki Hanna Wallach and Kathleen Walker. 2020. Fairlearn: A toolkit for assessing and improving fairness in AI. Technical Report MSR-TR-2020-32. Microsoft. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/fairlearn-a-toolkit-for-assessing-and-improving-fairness-in-ai\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60648-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dap.2021.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Consequence Scanning: An Agile Event for Responsible Innovators. https:\/\/doteveryone.org.uk\/project\/consequence-scanning\/.","author":"Brown Sam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sam Brown. 2019. Consequence Scanning: An Agile Event for Responsible Innovators. https:\/\/doteveryone.org.uk\/project\/consequence-scanning\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research","volume":"91","author":"Buolamwini Joy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru. 2018. Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification. In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, Vol. 81), Sorelle A. Friedler and Christo Wilson (Eds.). PMLR, 77-91. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v81\/buolamwini18a.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"CAC. 2022. Provisions on the Administration of Algorithm Recommendations for Internet Information Services - Cyberspace Administration of China. https:\/\/www.cac.gov.cn\/2022-01\/04\/c_1642894606364259.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"A UX Maturity Model: Effective Introduction of UX into Organizations","author":"Chapman Lorraine","unstructured":"Lorraine Chapman and Scott Plewes. 2014. A UX Maturity Model: Effective Introduction of UX into Organizations. In Design, User Experience, and Usability. User Experience Design Practice, Aaron Marcus (Ed.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 12-22."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Kathy Charmaz. 2006. Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. sage."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13084771"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"European Commission. 2023. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council: Laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain union legislative acts. https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/proposal-regulation-laying-down-harmonised-rules-artificial-intelligence."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3686927"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/atlas.mitre.org\/ Retrieved","author":"The MITRE Corporation","year":"2024","unstructured":"The MITRE Corporation. 2021. MITRE Atlas. https:\/\/atlas.mitre.org\/ Retrieved December 5, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"People Capability Maturity ModelSM","author":"Curtis Bill","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bill Curtis, William E Hefley, and Sally Miller. 1995. People Capability Maturity ModelSM. Report Software Engineering Institute (Carnegie Mellon University) (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/hicss.2019.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Tonia de Bruin Michael Rosemann Ronald Freeze and Uday Kulkarni. 2005. Understanding the main phases of developing a maturity assessment model. In ACIS 2005 Proceedings - 16th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. https:\/\/asu.elsevierpure.com\/en\/publications\/understanding-the-main-phases-of-developing-a-maturity-assessment 16th Australasian Conference on Information Systems ACIS 2005 ; Conference date: 29-11-2005 Through 02-12-2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Companies committed to responsible AI: From principles towards implementation and regulation? Philosophy & technology","author":"de Laat Paul B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul B de Laat. 2021. Companies committed to responsible AI: From principles towards implementation and regulation? Philosophy & technology, Vol. 34, 4 (2021), 1135-1193."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3531146.3533113"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Ravit Dotan Borhane Blili-Hamelin Ravi Madhavan Jeanna Matthews and Joshua Scarpino. 2024. Evolving AI Risk Management: A Maturity Model based on the NIST AI Risk Management Framework. arXiv:2401.15229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2666999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AI4G50087.2020.9311069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principles for AI","author":"Fjeld Jessica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jessica Fjeld, Nele Achten, Hannah Hilligoss, Adam Nagy, and Madhulika Srikumar. 2020. Principled artificial intelligence: Mapping consensus in ethical and rights-based approaches to principles for AI. Berkman Klein Center Research Publication, 2020-1 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Conference for Truth and Trust Online","author":"Gamage Dilrukshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilrukshi Gamage, Jiayu Chen, and Kazutoshi Sasahara. 2021. The Emergence of Deepfakes and its Societal Implications: A Systematic Review. In Conference for Truth and Trust Online 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"2017 AAAI Spring Symposium Series.","author":"Girardin Fabien","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fabien Girardin and Neal Lathia. 2017. When user experience designers partner with data scientists. In 2017 AAAI Spring Symposium Series."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658545"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2018.0482"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"The ethics of AI ethics: An evaluation of guidelines. Minds and machines","author":"Hagendorff Thilo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thilo Hagendorff. 2020. The ethics of AI ethics: An evaluation of guidelines. Minds and machines, Vol. 30, 1 (2020), 99-120."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Amy Heger Samir Passi and Mihaela Vorvoreanu. 2022b. All the tools none of the motivation: organizational culture and barriers to responsible AI work. Cultures in AI\/AI in Culture: a NeurIPS 2022 workshop. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3555760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300830"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"IAPP. 2024. Global AI Law and Policy Tracker - International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP). https:\/\/iapp.org\/resources\/article\/global-ai-legislation-tracker\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature machine intelligence","author":"Jobin Anna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena. 2019. The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature machine intelligence, Vol. 1, 9 (2019), 389-399."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3530019.3531329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-022-00228-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Approaches to qualitative research: A reader on theory and practice","author":"Leavy Patricia","unstructured":"Patricia Leavy and Sharlene Nagy Hesse-Biber. 2004. Approaches to qualitative research: A reader on theory and practice. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"HCI International 2020 - Late Breaking Posters","author":"Lilley Mariana","unstructured":"Mariana Lilley, Anne Currie, Andrew Pyper, and Sue Attwood. 2020. Using the Ethical OS Toolkit to Mitigate the Risk of Unintended Consequences. In HCI International 2020 - Late Breaking Posters, Constantine Stephanidis, Margherita Antona, and Stavroula Ntoa (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 77-82."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3522664.3528607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3512899"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3653705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3264833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Owning Ethics: Corporate Logics, Silicon Valley, and the Institutionalization of Ethics","author":"Metcalf Jacob","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacob Metcalf, Emanuel Moss, and danah boyd. 2019. Owning Ethics: Corporate Logics, Silicon Valley, and the Institutionalization of Ethics. Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 86, 2 (July 2019), 449-476. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/owning-ethics-corporate-logics-silicon-valley-and-the-institutionalization-of-ethics\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jsds.2010100105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSSS.2011.038934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2019. The HAX Toolkit Project: The Human-AI eXperience Toolkit. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/hax-toolkit\/?msockid=1038c83e36a664292681dc473757650f."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Error Analysis: Identify & Diagnose Errors. https:\/\/erroranalysis.ai\/.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2021. Error Analysis: Identify & Diagnose Errors. https:\/\/erroranalysis.ai\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"power and technology: The tech workers' view. Retrieved from Doteveryone website: https:\/\/doteveryone. org. uk\/report\/workersview","author":"Miller Catherine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Catherine Miller and Rachel Coldicott. 2019. People, power and technology: The tech workers' view. Retrieved from Doteveryone website: https:\/\/doteveryone. org. uk\/report\/workersview (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature machine intelligence","author":"Mittelstadt Brent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brent Mittelstadt. 2019. Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature machine intelligence, Vol. 1, 11 (2019), 501-507."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-021-09563-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"From what to how: an initial review of publicly available AI ethics tools, methods and research to translate principles into practices. Science and engineering ethics","author":"Morley Jessica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jessica Morley, Luciano Floridi, Libby Kinsey, and Anat Elhalal. 2020. From what to how: an initial review of publicly available AI ethics tools, methods and research to translate principles into practices. Science and engineering ethics, Vol. 26, 4 (2020), 2141-2168."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01308-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","unstructured":"Harsha Nori Samuel Jenkins Paul Koch and Rich Caruana. 2019. InterpretML: A Unified Framework for Machine Learning Interpretability. arXiv:1909.09223 [cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","unstructured":"Energy Security Office of Cybersecurity and Emergency Response. 2022. Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2). Technical Report. US Department of Energy. https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-06\/C2M2%20Version%202.1%20June%202022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2020.1713842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10740-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","unstructured":"OSTP. 2024. Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights - The White House. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ostp\/ai-bill-of-rights\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aastha Pant Rashina Hoda Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn and Burak Turhan. 2024. Ethics in AI through the Practitioner's View: A Grounded Theory Literature Review. arXiv:2206.09514 [cs.SE]","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10465-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","unstructured":"Samir Passi. 2021. Making Data Work: The Human and Organizational Lifeworlds of Data Science Practices. Ph.D. Dissertation. Cornell University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287567"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951720939605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","unstructured":"Samir Passi and Mihaela Vorvoreanu. 2022. Overreliance on AI: Literature Review. Technical Report MSR-TR-2022-12. Microsoft. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/overreliance-on-ai-literature-review\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.219617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2020.2974991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) (ECIS '21)","author":"Oliver Thomas Philipp Fukas Florian Remark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Florian Remark Oliver Thomas Philipp Fukas, Jonas Rebstadt. 2021. MDeveloping an Artificial Intelligence Maturity Model for Auditing. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) (ECIS '21). Article 133. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2021_rp\/133\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637434"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00258-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","volume-title":"Focus on Being Responsible. MIT Sloan Management Review","author":"Renieris Elizabeth M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elizabeth M. Renieris, David Kiron, and Steven Mills. 2022. To Be a Responsible AI Leader, Focus on Being Responsible. MIT Sloan Management Review (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","volume-title":"Ashish Agarwal and Rob Parkin","author":"Rishi Vaish Shalini Kapoor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shalini Kapoor Rishi Vaish, Ashish Agarwal and Rob Parkin. 2021. AI maturity framework for enterprise applications. Technical Report. IBM. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/downloads\/cas\/OB8M18WR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","volume-title":"Vincent Kervyn de Meerendr\u00e9, and Suzanne Kieffer","author":"Rukoni\u00e7 Luka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luka Rukoni\u00e7, Vincent Kervyn de Meerendr\u00e9, and Suzanne Kieffer. 2019. Measuring UX Capability and Maturity in Organizations. In Design, User Experience, and Usability. Practice and Case Studies, Aaron Marcus and Wentao Wang (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 346-365."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2023.3257303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053350"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","volume-title":"International Workshop on AI Compliance Mechanism (WAICOM","author":"Sawhney Nitin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nitin Sawhney and Ana Paula Gonzalez Torres. 2022. Devising Regulatory Sandboxes and Responsible Practices for Designing AI-based Services in the Finnish Public Sector. In International Workshop on AI Compliance Mechanism (WAICOM 2022), 35th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2022), Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany. International Workshop on AI Compliance Mechanism, WAICOM ; Conference date: 14-12-2022 Through 14-12-2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","unstructured":"Daniel Schiff Bogdana Rakova Aladdin Ayesh Anat Fanti and Michael Lennon. 2020. Principles to Practices for Responsible AI: Closing the Gap. arXiv:2006.04707 [cs.CY]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00752449"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","volume-title":"Maturity Models for the Assessment of Artificial Intelligence in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises","author":"Schuster Thomas","unstructured":"Thomas Schuster, Lukas Waidelich, and Raphael Volz. 2021. Maturity Models for the Assessment of Artificial Intelligence in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. In Digital Transformation, Stanis\u0142aw Wrycza and Jacek Ma\u015blankowski (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 22-36."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287598"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3653697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1741118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2023.2251443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","first-page":"198","volume-title":"PACIS 2020 Proceedings","author":"Smit Koen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koen Smit, Martijn Zoet, and John van Meerten. 2020. A review of AI principles in practice. PACIS 2020 Proceedings, 198 (2020). https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/pacis2020\/198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01148-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","volume-title":"Co-design as a process of joint inquiry and imagination. Design issues","author":"Steen Marc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marc Steen. 2013. Co-design as a process of joint inquiry and imagination. Design issues, Vol. 29, 2 (2013), 16-28."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1988.tb01249.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elham Tabassi. 2023. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6028\/NIST.AI.100-1","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.AI.100-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gareth Terry Nikki Hayfield Victoria Clarke Virginia Braun et al. 2017. Thematic analysis. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology Vol. 2 17-37 (2017) 25.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526405555.n2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","unstructured":"Sarah J Tracy Angela N Gist-Mackey and Marco Dehnert. [n.d.]. Phronetic Iterative Qualitative Data Analysis in Organizational Communication Research. Qualitative Research in Organizational Communication ( [n. d.]) 381."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","volume-title":"Implementing AI Ethics in Practice: An Empirical Evaluation of the RESOLVEDD Strategy","author":"Vakkuri Ville","unstructured":"Ville Vakkuri and Kai-Kristian Kemell. 2019. Implementing AI Ethics in Practice: An Empirical Evaluation of the RESOLVEDD Strategy. In Software Business, Sami Hyrynsalmi, Mari Suoranta, Anh Nguyen-Duc, Pasi Tyrv\u00e4inen, and Pekka Abrahamsson (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 260-275."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3686903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","volume-title":"Working with sensitizing concepts: Analytical field research. Thousand Oaks (Calif.): Sage","author":"Van den Hoonaard Will C","year":"1997","unstructured":"Will C Van den Hoonaard. 1997. Working with sensitizing concepts: Analytical field research. Thousand Oaks (Calif.): Sage, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","unstructured":"Manasi Vartak. 2023. AI Regulations Are Here and Companies Are Not Prepared. https:\/\/www.verta.ai\/blog\/ai-regulations-here-companies-not-prepared-0723."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","unstructured":"Mihaela Vorvoreanu Amy Heger Samir Passi Shipi Dhanorkar Zoe Kahn and Ruotong Wang. 2023. Responsible AI Maturity Model. Technical Report MSR-TR-2023-26. Microsoft. https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/responsible-ai-maturity-model\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"Dickerson","author":"Wang Angelina","year":"2025","unstructured":"Angelina Wang, Teresa Datta, and John P. Dickerson. 2025. Strategies for Increasing Corporate Responsible AI Prioritization. AAAI Press, 1514-1526."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1282"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630106.3658973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3593013.3594012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3579621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","unstructured":"Yi Zeng Enmeng Lu and Cunqing Huangfu. 2018. Linking Artificial Intelligence Principles. arXiv:1812.04814 [cs.AI]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72188-6_2"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3757514","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T01:57:23Z","timestamp":1760666243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3757514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3757514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3757514","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}