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While several interventions (e.g., pharmacological and psychotherapeutic techniques) have been introduced for anxiety alleviation, the recently emerged virtual reality (VR) technology, with its immersive and playful nature, opened new opportunities for complementing and enhancing the therapeutic effects of existing interventions. In this light, we conducted a series of co-design workshops with 13 children aged 10-12 to explore how they envisioned using VR to address their fear and stress associated with dental visits, followed by interviews with parents (n = 13) and two dentists. Our findings revealed that children expected VR to provide immediate relief, social support, and a sense of control during dental treatment, parents and dentists prioritized treatment efficiency and safety issues. Drawing from the findings, we discuss the considerations of multi-stakeholders for developing VR-assisted anxiety management applications for children within and beyond dental settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3757527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1760633950000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["'Can I Decorate My Teeth With Diamonds?': Exploring Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives on Using VR to Reduce Children's Dental Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaxuan","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9767-3468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9098-1461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7705-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengcheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0458-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S63626"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4233\/uuid:f16db80d-9f1a-4064-91be-decf8c805898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2019.05.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2020.07.2.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Maneet Bhatia. 2021. 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