{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:55:07Z","timestamp":1781913307527,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFH 23-N, P 34928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFH 23-N, P 34928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent years have brought immense advancements around development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and its application. This has also led to a boost in interest on human-AI collaboration and co-creation. Specifically in the creative field, where it is usually not sufficient for an AI to solve given problems or produce deterministic output, this next-level interaction between humans and AI comes with huge potential but also major challenges, related to aspects such as role and power distribution, trust and reliance, or efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper, we present a pilot study on human-AI collaboration in three different creative fields (programming, marketing texting, and UI design), addressing User Experience, Technology Acceptance and, specifically, Perception of Collaboration. The study is based on a theoretical framework we derived from prior research through a focused, systematic literature review, and intended to raise research questions and identify related hypotheses informing future empirical work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3757643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1760633950000},"page":"1-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Peer or Steer: A Pilot Study Exploring Human-AI Collaboration in Creative Fields"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5766-9321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group PEEC, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3338-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Hirschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group PEEC, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria and Institute of Telecooperation, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5249-9412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Breckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group PEEC, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria and Institute of Telecooperation, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3607-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Neumayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group PEEC, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirjam","family":"Augstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group PEEC, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Advancing Human-Agent Interaction: Bridging the Gap Between Vision and Reality","volume":"2","author":"Alaeifard Maryam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maryam Alaeifard, Mohammad Safaei, and Elham Karim Zadeh. 2024. Advancing Human-Agent Interaction: Bridging the Gap Between Vision and Reality. International Journal of Advanced Human Computer Interaction, Vol. 2, 1 (2024), 23-32. https:\/\/www.ijahci.com\/index.php\/ijahci\/article\/view\/5","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Human Computer Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3325480.3325506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-024-02059-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Standford Humanities Review","volume":"4","author":"Boden Margaret","year":"1995","unstructured":"Margaret Boden. 1995. Creativity and Unpredictability. Standford Humanities Review, Vol. 4 (1995). Issue 2. https:\/\/www.cse.msu.edu\/ cse841\/papers\/Boden.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","article-title":"Trust, Credibility and Transparency in Human-AI Interaction: Why We Need Explainable and Trustworthy AI and Why We Need It Now","volume":"19","author":"Bozkurt Aras","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aras Bozkurt and Ramesh C. Sharma. 2024. Trust, Credibility and Transparency in Human-AI Interaction: Why We Need Explainable and Trustworthy AI and Why We Need It Now. Asian Journal of Distance Education, Vol. 19, 2 (2024), 9 pages. https:\/\/www.asianjde.com\/ojs\/index.php\/AsianJDE\/article\/view\/819","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2104.00358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10096-006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450741.3465260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3009981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563703.3596652"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeanette Falk and Faith Young. 2022. Supporting Fast Design: The Potential of Hackathons for Co-Creative Systems. In roceedings of the 14th Conference on Creativity and Cognition. ACM Venice Italy 515 - 519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3527927.3535206","DOI":"10.1145\/3527927.3535206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"GitHub. 2024. About GitHub Copilot. https:\/\/docs.github.com\/en\/copilot\/about-github-copilot last access: 2025-02-27."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300854"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of MICI 2017: CHI Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Creative Interfaces","volume":"1907","author":"Hoesl Axel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Axel Hoesl and Andreas Butz. 2017. Sense of authorship and agency in computational creativity support. In Proceedings of MICI 2017: CHI Workshop on Mixed-Initiative Creative Interfaces, Vol. 1907. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Denver, Colorado, USA, 7 pages. https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-1907\/1_mici_hoesl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/REGE-06-2022-0100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3503549"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3293853"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2023.3331369"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3687272.3688297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Computational Creativity. Association for Computational Creativity","author":"Kantosalo Anna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anna Kantosalo, Prashanth Thattai Ravikumar, Kazjon Grace, and Tapio Takala. 2020. Modalities, Styles and Strategies: An Interaction Framework for Human-Computer Co-Creativity. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Computational Creativity. Association for Computational Creativity, Coimbra, Portugal, 57-64. http:\/\/computationalcreativity.net\/iccc20\/papers\/ICCC20_Proceedings.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Joint Proceedings of the ACM IUI 2021 Workshops","volume":"2903","author":"Kim Jingoog","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jingoog Kim, Mary Lou Maher, and Safat Siddiqui. 2021. Studying the Impact of AI-based Inspiration on Human Ideation in a Co-Creative Design System. In Joint Proceedings of the ACM IUI 2021 Workshops, Vol. 2903. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Virtual, 16 pages. https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2903\/IUI21WS-HAIGEN-7.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89350-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3595977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581641.3584095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/hfes.46.1.50_30392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmab013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"IUI'20 Workshops. CEUR Workshop Proceedings","author":"Louie Ryan","unstructured":"Ryan Louie, Andy Coenen, Cheng Zhi Huang, Michael Terry, and Carrie J. Cai. 2020. Cococo: AI-steering tools for music novices co-creating with generative models. In IUI'20 Workshops. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Cagliari, Italy, 6 pages. https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2848\/HAI-GEN-Paper-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-022-00605-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060416000524"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC'24)","author":"Moruzzi Caterina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caterina Moruzzi and Solange Margarido. 2024a. Customizing the Balance Between User and System Agency in Human-AI Co-Creative Processes. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity (ICCC'24). Association for Computational Creativity, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden, 10 pages. https:\/\/cdv.dei.uc.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/publications-cdv\/moruzzi2024customizing.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613905.3650929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3640543.3645198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on the Future of Co-Creative Systems ICCC","author":"Rezwana Jeba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeba Rezwana and Mary Lou Maher. 2021. COFI: A Framework for Modeling Interaction in Human-AI Co-Creative Systems. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on the Future of Co-Creative Systems ICCC 2021. Association for Computational Creativity, Mexico City, Mexico, Virtual, 5 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3527927.3532789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3519026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"ACM IUI 2021 Workshops","volume":"2903","author":"Rezwana Jeba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeba Rezwana, Mary Lou Maher, and Nicholas Davis. 2021. Creative PenPal: A Virtual Embodied Conversational AI Agent to Improve User Engagement and Collaborative Experience in Human-AI Co-Creative Design Ideation. In ACM IUI 2021 Workshops, Vol. 2903. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Virtual, 7. https:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2903\/IUI21WS-HAIGEN-12.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3565472.3592959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACSIS53237.2021.9631321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2019.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-021-01335-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Leading AI tools based on market share","year":"2024","unstructured":"Statista. 2024. Leading AI tools based on market share in 2024. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1458132\/ai-tool-market-share\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"User Experience and Acceptance Measures for MMM-C: A Creative AI System for Music Composition. IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","volume":"5769","author":"Tchemeube Renaud Bougueng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Renaud Bougueng Tchemeube, Jeffrey Ens, Cale Plut, Philippe Pasquier, Maryam Safi, Yvan Grabit, and Jean-Baptiste Rolland. 2023. Evaluating Human-AI Interaction via Usability, User Experience and Acceptance Measures for MMM-C: A Creative AI System for Music Composition. IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2023-August (2023), 5769 - 5778. https:\/\/www.ijcai.org\/proceedings\/2023\/0640.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/eta_00143_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-024-01148-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-022-00593-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78462-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2025.2456535"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451785"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3584931.3607008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3610072"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432945"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3757643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T01:59:36Z","timestamp":1760666376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3757643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3757643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3757643","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}