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This work compares using an avatar (presented in augmented reality) and a telepresence robot to Face-to-Face (F2F) communication during different communication tasks: free conversation, negotiation, and referential communication with movement. We conducted a user study (split-plot design, N=54) with the type of representation of the conversational partner as the within variable and the communication task as the between variable. Our results show that the type of task, especially referential communication with movement, influenced the perceived attention to nonverbal cues and closeness. Generally, gestures and body movements received the least focus with telepresence robots. Gestures in avatars and F2F drew similar attention, which we attribute to the avatar's tracking fidelity. Gaze received less attention in both avatar- and robot-mediated communication compared to F2F, while facial expressions on the robot's screen heightened attention compared to avatars. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of mediated communication and support researchers and practitioners in shaping the design of communication applications beyond today's video calls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3757653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:06:01Z","timestamp":1760634361000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robot, Avatar, or Human: The Impact of Partner Representation and Task on the Communication Experience"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5577-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Arevalo Arboleda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany and Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2074-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Hartbrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany and Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8677-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Weidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom and Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f6hnke Benedikt","family":"Fischedick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6821-7658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Worlds and Digital Games Group, Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3845-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4187-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Kunert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7954-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bea","family":"Vorhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horst-Michael","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Broll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Raake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen, Ilmenau, Germany and Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3578575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Thematic content analysis (tca). 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