{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T02:40:45Z","timestamp":1760668845332,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#9550-20-1-0346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#9550-20-1-0346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of information-seeking processes, driven by search engines like Google, has reshaped how people access and interact with information. This paper examines how individuals' pre-existing attitudes on polarizing topics, such as the legality of abortion, influence their engagement with modern information-seeking processes. Recruiting participants from an undergraduate population of a university we use a mixed-methods study involving surveys and information-seeking tasks focused on the legality of abortion, this work offers five key insights. First, individuals with opposing abortion-related attitudes receive different search results. Second, the vocabulary used when formulated search queries differs significantly across opposing attitudes. Third, this difference in query vocabulary has a significant effect on the search results. Fourth, this effect remains consistent, though reduced, when personalization is removed from the process. Finally, Google Search returns search results that align with users' pre-existing attitudes, thereby reinforcing those attitudes. Taken together, these findings reveal a critical relationship between human biases, partisan audiences, and algorithmic processes. Specifically, our findings underscore how search platforms such as Google Search, which play a crucial role in the modern information-seeking process, contribute to information polarization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3757656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:59:10Z","timestamp":1760633950000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Searching for Affirmation: How Partisan Audiences on Google Search Induce an Abortion-Related Filter Bubble Effect"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussam","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1827-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Stoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-6875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"High","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6203-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Ekdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa CIty, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5557-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1158-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy","family":"Biddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6558-1167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javie","family":"Ssozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1280-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishab","family":"Nithyanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2025. Bridging Systems: Open Problems for Countering Destructive Divisiveness across Ranking Recommenders and Governance. https:\/\/ash.harvard.edu\/resources\/bridging-systems-open-problems-for-countering-destructive-divisiveness-across-ranking-recommenders-and-governance"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Google Search Status Dashboard. https:\/\/status.search.google.com\/products\/rGHU1u87FJnkP6W2GwMi\/history."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. The Propagandists' Playbook."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"[n. d.]. Search Engine Market Share Worldwide. https:\/\/gs.statcounter.com\/search-engine-market-share."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.AAA1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615594620"},{"volume-title":"Digital media, political polarization and challenges to democracy","author":"Beam Michael A","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Michael A Beam, Myiah J Hutchens, and Jay D Hmielowski. 2020. Facebook news and (de) polarization: Reinforcing spirals in the 2016 US election. In Digital media, political polarization and challenges to democracy. Routledge, 26-44."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Are we exposed to the same ''news'' in the news feed? An empirical analysis of filter bubbles as information similarity for Danish Facebook users. Digital journalism 6, 8","author":"Bechmann Anja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anja Bechmann and Kristoffer L Nielbo. 2018. Are we exposed to the same ''news'' in the news feed? An empirical analysis of filter bubbles as information similarity for Danish Facebook users. Digital journalism 6, 8 (2018), 990-1002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers, Jan Hajic, Sandra Carberry, Stephen Clark, and Joakim Nivre (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Klebanov Beata Beigman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beata Beigman Klebanov, Eyal Beigman, and Daniel Diermeier. 2010. Vocabulary Choice as an Indicator of Perspective. In Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers, Jan Hajic, Sandra Carberry, Stephen Clark, and Joakim Nivre (Eds.). Association for Computational Linguistics, Uppsala, Sweden, 253-257."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andrei Boutyline and Robb Willer. 2017. The Social Structure of Political Echo Chambers: Variation in Ideological Homophily in Online Networks. (2017). doi:10.1111\/POPS.12337","DOI":"10.1111\/POPS.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07761-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4230"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4230"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Digital technologies and selective exposure: How choice and filter bubbles shape news media exposure. The international journal of press\/politics 24, 4","author":"Cardenal Ana S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ana S Cardenal, Carlos Aguilar-Paredes, Carol Galais, and Mario P\u00e9rez-Montoro. 2019. Digital technologies and selective exposure: How choice and filter bubbles shape news media exposure. The international journal of press\/politics 24, 4 (2019), 465-486."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. 2022. America's Abortion Quandary."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v18i1.31311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add8080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77660-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/ICWSM.V5I1.14126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37256-8_37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv","author":"Devlin Jacob","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019. BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv: 1810.04805 [cs.CL]."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoan Dinkov Ahmed Ali Ivan Koychev and Preslav Nakov. 2019. Predicting the Leading Political Ideology of YouTube Channels Using Acoustic Textual and Metadata Information. 501-505. doi:10.21437\/Interspeech.2019-2965","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2019-2965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/143457.143468"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elizabeth Dubois and Grant Blank. 2018. The echo chamber is overstated: the moderating effect of political interest and diverse media. (2018). doi:10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1428656","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1428656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2023.2230242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419828112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Chi","author":"Evans Brynn M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brynn M. Evans and Ed H. Chi. 2009. Towards a Model of Understanding Social Search. arXiv:0908.0595 [cs.IR] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0908.0595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"S1","author":"Flaxman Seth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seth Flaxman, Sharad Goel, and Justin M Rao. 2016. Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public opinion quarterly 80, S1 (2016), 298-320."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2018.1502045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Learning Vocabulary in EFL Contexts through Vocabulary Learning Strategies","volume":"1","author":"Ghazal Lotfi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lotfi Ghazal. 2007. Learning Vocabulary in EFL Contexts through Vocabulary Learning Strategies. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language) 1, 2 (June 2007), -.","journal-title":"Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"James Grimmelmann. 2018. The Google Dilemma. doi:10.31228\/osf.io\/yp6ej","DOI":"10.31228\/osf.io\/yp6ej"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mps028"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-polisci-040811-115123"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp9364"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2017.1381166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2015.1113484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"David Lazer, Alan Mislove, and Christo Wilson.","author":"Hannak Aniko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aniko Hannak, Piotr Sapiezynski, Arash Molavi Khaki, David Lazer, Alan Mislove, and Christo Wilson. 2017. Measuring Personalization of Web Search. arXiv: Computers and Society (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213020120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"132876","article-title":"G-retriever: Retrieval-augmented generation for textual graph understanding and question answering","volume":"37","author":"He Xiaoxin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiaoxin He, Yijun Tian, Yifei Sun, Nitesh Chawla, Thomas Laurent, Yann LeCun, Xavier Bresson, and Bryan Hooi. 2024. G-retriever: Retrieval-augmented generation for textual graph understanding and question answering. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37 (2024), 132876-132907.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-005-1002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-005-1002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2313377121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'91","author":"Hughes John","year":"1991","unstructured":"John Hughes, Dave Randall, and Dan Shapiro. 1991. CSCW: Discipline or Paradigm? A sociological perspective. In Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work ECSCW'91. Springer, 309-323."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Gallup Inc. 2018. Abortion Trends by Party Identification. https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246278\/abortion-trends-party.aspx Section: Politics."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"Gallup Inc. 2018. Abortion Trends by Party Identification. https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/246278\/abortion-trends-party.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Louis Jacobson. [n. d.]. Abortion polling shows shifts in American opinion. https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/article\/2023\/apr\/24\/public-opinion-on-abortion-whats-changed-since-roe\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1064461"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2019.1636283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2011.01543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998321"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michal Luria. 2022. '' This is Transparency to Me'' User Insights into Recommendation Algorithm Reporting. (2022).","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/qfcpx"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colin Megill Elizabeth Barry and Christopher Small. 2022. ''Coherent Mode'' for the World's Public Square. arXiv:2211.12571 [cs.SI] https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2211.12571","DOI":"10.3390\/su141912571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51685\/jqd.2022.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC","author":"Mikolov Tomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tomas Mikolov, Edouard Grave, Piotr Bojanowski, Christian Puhrsch, and Armand Joulin. 2018. Advances in Pre-Training Distributed Word Representations. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), Nicoletta Calzolari, Khalid Choukri, Christopher Cieri, Thierry Declerck, Sara Goggi, Koiti Hasida, Hitoshi Isahara, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Mazo, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis, and Takenobu Tokunaga (Eds.). European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Miyazaki, Japan."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpn018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Griffin","author":"Mulligan Deirdre K.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deirdre K. Mulligan and Daniel S. Griffin. 2018. Rescripting Search to Respect the Right to Truth. https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=3228671"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","unstructured":"Reem Nadeem. 2022. Majority of Public Disapproves of Supreme Court's Decision To Overturn Roe v. Wade. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/politics\/2022\/07\/06\/majority-of-public-disapproves-of-supreme-courts-decision-to-overturn-roe-v-wade\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Reuters Institute digital news report","author":"Newman Nic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andi, Craig T Robertson, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2021. Reuters Institute digital news report 2021. Reuters Institute for the study of Journalism (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2003\/009)"},{"volume-title":"The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You","author":"Pariser Eli","key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","unstructured":"Eli Pariser. 2011. The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. Penguin Press, New York."},{"volume-title":"The filter bubble: what the Internet is hiding from you","author":"Pariser Eli","key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","unstructured":"Eli Pariser. 2011. The filter bubble: what the Internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press, New York. OCLC: ocn682892628."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.77.6.1296"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2018.1539626"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06078-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15692-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01655515211014157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","unstructured":"Shilad Sen Jeremy Osterhouse F Maxwell Harper and John Riedl. [n. d.]. Tagging Communities Vocabulary Evolution. ([n.d.])."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","unstructured":"Elisa Shearer Sarah Naseer Jacob Liedke and Katerina Eva Matsa. 2024. How Americans Get News on TikTok X Facebook and Instagram. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/journalism\/2024\/06\/12\/how-americans-get-news-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00936502211012154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X09351676"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Measurement of Attitudes toward Abortion","volume":"20","author":"Taylor Michael","year":"2014","unstructured":"Michael Taylor and George Whitehead. 2014. The Measurement of Attitudes toward Abortion. Modern Psychological Studies 20, 1 (Sept. 2014).","journal-title":"Modern Psychological Studies"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2014.899749"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221104405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221104405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marieke van Hoofa Damian Trillinga Judith Moellerb and Corine Meppelinka. 2024. It matters how you google it? Using agent-based testing to assess the impact of user choices and algorithmic curation on political Google search results. OSF.","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/hf6sc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","volume-title":"No polarization from partisan news: Over-time evidence from trace data","author":"Wojcieszak Magdalena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magdalena Wojcieszak, Sjifra de Leeuw, Ericka Menchen-Trevino, Seungsu Lee, Ke M Huang-Isherwood, and Brian Weeks. 2023. No polarization from partisan news: Over-time evidence from trace data. The International Journal of Press\/Politics 28, 3 (2023), 601-626."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tianyi Zhang Varsha Kishore Felix Wu Kilian Q. Weinberger and Yoav Artzi. 2020. BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.1904.09675 arXiv:1904.09675 [cs].","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1904.09675"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3757656","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3757656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T02:06:08Z","timestamp":1760666768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3757656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3757656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3757656","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2573-0142"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}