{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:35:42Z","timestamp":1770921342816,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":73,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3760545.3783969","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:50:03Z","timestamp":1770918603000},"page":"1-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cards for Alternative Research Design (CARD): Refining and Evolving a Research Knowledge Development Activity for Computer Science Education"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nickolas J. G.","family":"Falkner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0066-2664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda C.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7593-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rukiye","family":"Altin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"B\u00f6rstler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6810-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Krause-Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6468-5787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0939-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy M.","family":"Maniapoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1337-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7139-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoumeh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8448-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spruha","family":"Satavlekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7628-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naaz","family":"Sibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23752696.2019.1629825"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Playing with data: A board game-inspired technique to engage local stakeholders in participatory qualitative analysis","volume":"6","author":"Albrechtsen Charlotte","year":"2025","unstructured":"Charlotte Albrechtsen. 2025. Playing with data: A board game-inspired technique to engage local stakeholders in participatory qualitative analysis. Journal of Participatory Research Methods, Vol. 6, 1 (2025), 30-44.","journal-title":"Journal of Participatory Research Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th ACM technical symposium on computer science education. 393-399","author":"Anvik John","year":"2019","unstructured":"John Anvik, Vincent Cote, and Jace Riehl. 2019. Program wars: a card game for learning programming and cybersecurity concepts. In Proceedings of the 50th ACM technical symposium on computer science education. 393-399."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Evaluating the quality of learning: The SOLO taxonomy (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome)","author":"Biggs John B","unstructured":"John B Biggs and Kevin F Collis. 2014. Evaluating the quality of learning: The SOLO taxonomy (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome). Academic press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Gamification from the perspective of self-determination theory and flow","author":"Br\u00fchlmann Florian","unstructured":"Florian Br\u00fchlmann, Elisa Mekler, and Klaus Opwis. 2013. Gamification from the perspective of self-determination theory and flow. University of Basel (2013), 16."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Roger Caillois. 2001. Man Play and Games. University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Kah Fai Leong, and Chu Sing Lim","author":"Chua Chee Kai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chee Kai Chua, Kah Fai Leong, and Chu Sing Lim. 2010. Rapid prototyping: principles and applications. World scientific."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446294406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3631802.3631831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"What Is Pragmatism? Pragmatism and Educational Research","author":"Dewey John","year":"2003","unstructured":"John Dewey. 2003. What Is Pragmatism? Pragmatism and Educational Research (2003), 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429430701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickolas Falkner and Miranda Parker. 2025a. RAE Game Instructions. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.15767309","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15767309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickolas Falkner and Miranda Parker. 2025b. The RAE Glossary 29 Jun 25. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.15767348","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15767348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickolas Falkner and Miranda Parker. 2025c. RAE Glossary Style Guide. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.15767334","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15767334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nickolas Falkner Miranda Parker Rebecca Vivian Andrew Petersen Rukiye ALTIN J\u00f6rgen B\u00f6rstler Sophia Krause-Levy Katrin Kunz Tracy Maniapoto Marya Rahimi Spruha Satavlekar and Naaz Sibia. 2025. Research Alternatives Exercise Card Pack v2. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.15767008","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15767008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3699538.3699584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1089786.1089797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2006.tb00902.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of computing education research","author":"Fincher Sally A","unstructured":"Sally A Fincher and Anthony V Robins. 2019. The Cambridge handbook of computing education research. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Computing education research today","author":"Fincher Sally A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sally A Fincher, Josh Tenenberg, Brian Dorn, Christopher Hundhausen, Robert McCartney, and Laurie Murphy. 2019. Computing education research today. The Cambridge handbook of computing education research, Vol. 1 (2019), 40-55."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/950566.950595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math8111993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X12463051"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"The history of computing education research","author":"Guzdial Mark","unstructured":"Mark Guzdial and Benedict du Boulay. 2019. The history of computing education research. Cambridge Univ. Press, 11-39."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2094131.2094157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2094131.2094147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3470652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Research Methods in Computing: What are they, and how should we teach them? In ITiCSE-WGR'06: Working group reports on ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education","author":"Holz Hilary J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hilary J Holz, Anne Applin, Bruria Haberman, Donald Joyce, Helen Purchase, and Catherine Reed. 2006. Research Methods in Computing: What are they, and how should we teach them? In ITiCSE-WGR'06: Working group reports on ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education. ACM, 96-114.","journal-title":"ACM"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Homo Ludens: a Study of the Play Element in Culture","author":"Huizinga Johan","unstructured":"Johan Huizinga. 1950. Homo Ludens: a Study of the Play Element in Culture. Roy Publishers, New York, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"The double diamond model: In pursuit of simplicity and flexibility","author":"Kochanowska Magda","unstructured":"Magda Kochanowska and Weronika Rochacka Gagliardi. 2022. The double diamond model: In pursuit of simplicity and flexibility. Springer, 19-32."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878114563660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3408877.3432372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Theodore Lim Maira B Carvalho Francesco Bellotti Sylvester Arnab Sara De Freitas Sandy Louchart Neil Suttie Riccardo Berta and Alessandro De Gloria. 2015. The LM-GM framework for serious games analysis. Technical Report. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2960310.2960328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Adaptation of rapid prototyping model for serious games development","volume":"2","author":"Lotfi Elaachak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elaachak Lotfi, Amine Belahbib, and Mohammed Bouhorma. 2014. Adaptation of rapid prototyping model for serious games development. Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 2, 2 (2014), 173-183.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3291279.3339409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3631802.3631810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Cary Laxer, Lynda Thomas, Ian Utting, and Tadeusz Wilusz.","author":"McCracken Michael","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michael McCracken, Vicki Almstrum, Danny Diaz, Mark Guzdial, Dianne Hagan, Yifat Ben-David Kolikant, Cary Laxer, Lynda Thomas, Ian Utting, and Tadeusz Wilusz. 2001. A multi-national, multi-institutional study of assessment of programming skills of first-year CS students. In Working group reports from ITiCSE on Innovation and technology in computer science education. 125-180."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Selina Marianna Shah, and Claudia Szabo.","author":"McGill Monica M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Monica M McGill, Sarah Heckman, Christos Chytas, Michael Liut, Vera Kazakova, Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi, Selina Marianna Shah, and Claudia Szabo. 2023. Conducting sound, equity-enabling computing education research. In Proceedings of the 2023 Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. ACM, 30-56."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Michael and Sande Chen","author":"David","year":"2005","unstructured":"David R. Michael and Sande Chen. 2005. Serious games: Games that educate, train, and inform. Muska & Lipman\/Premier-Trade."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeanne Nakamura and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. 2009. Flow theory and research. (2009).","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195187243.013.0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Mining learning and crafting scientific experiments: A literature review on the use of Minecraft in education and research","volume":"19","author":"Nebel Steve","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steve Nebel, Sascha Schneider, and G\u00fcnter Daniel Rey. 2016. Mining learning and crafting scientific experiments: A literature review on the use of Minecraft in education and research. Educational Technology & Society, Vol. 19, 2 (2016), 355-366.","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230977.3230992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-024-12818-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2008.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3437800.3439207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/950566.950596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anthony Robins. 2015. The ongoing challenges of computer science education research. 115-119 pages.","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2015.1034350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Learning, Design, and Technology: An International Compendium of Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy","author":"Santos Antonio","unstructured":"Antonio Santos. 2023. Board games as part of effective game-based learning strategies. In Learning, Design, and Technology: An International Compendium of Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Springer, 429-447."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/00098655.2016.1214473","article-title":"Let the (board) games begin: Creative ways to enhance teaching and learning","volume":"89","author":"Sardone Nancy B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nancy B Sardone and Roberta Devlin-Scherer. 2016. Let the (board) games begin: Creative ways to enhance teaching and learning. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, Vol. 89, 6 (2016), 215-222.","journal-title":"The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"The Rapid Prototyping Game. Game Developer. https:\/\/www.gamedeveloper.com\/design\/the-rapid-prototyping-game Retrieved","author":"Smith Matthew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matthew Smith. 2024. The Rapid Prototyping Game. Game Developer. https:\/\/www.gamedeveloper.com\/design\/the-rapid-prototyping-game Retrieved Sep 26, 2024 from"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Matthew Smith and Andrew Peterson. 2021. The Rapid Prototyping Game. Flash cards 120 Cards."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"Tarja Susi Mikael Johannesson and Per Backlund. 2007. Serious games-An overview. Technical Report HS-IKI-TR-07-001. School of Humanities and Informatics University of Sk\u00f6vde Sweden. https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:2416\/FULLTEXT01.pdf Vol. 73 No. 10 p. 28."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3344429.3372504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3487056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2644924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3570730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Game-based learning. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology","author":"Tobias Sigmund","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sigmund Tobias, J Dexter Fletcher, and Alexander P Wind. 2014. Game-based learning. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (2014), 485-503."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A case study on the design and development of mini-games for research methods and statistics","volume":"14","author":"Rosmalen Peter Van","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peter Van Rosmalen, Elizabeth A Boyle, John Van der Baaren, Anne K\u00e4rki, and \u00c1ngel Del Blanco Aguado. 2014. A case study on the design and development of mini-games for research methods and statistics. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Serious Games, Vol. 14, 3 (2014), 1-9.","journal-title":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Serious Games"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s43545-022-00472-y","article-title":"COLLABORATING: modern board games and collaboratories as a tool for capacity building","volume":"2","author":"Vasconcelos Lia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lia Vasconcelos, Micael Sousa, Filipa Ferreira, and Joana Pinheiro. 2022. COLLABORATING: modern board games and collaboratories as a tool for capacity building. SN Social Sciences, Vol. 2, 9 (2022), 190.","journal-title":"SN Social Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The fifty-four day thesis proposal: first experiences with a research course","volume":"20","author":"Ward Karen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karen Ward. 2004. The fifty-four day thesis proposal: first experiences with a research course. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, Vol. 20, 2 (2004), 94-109.","journal-title":"Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Design science methodology for information systems and software engineering","author":"Wieringa Roel","unstructured":"Roel Wieringa. 2014. Design science methodology for information systems and software engineering. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the twenty-fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education. 165-169","author":"Witten Ian H","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ian H Witten and Timothy C Bell. 1993. Getting research students started: a tale of two courses. In Proceedings of the twenty-fourth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education. 165-169."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Case study research: Design and methods","author":"Yin Robert K","unstructured":"Robert K Yin. 2009. Case study research: Design and methods. Vol. 5. sage."}],"event":{"name":"ITiCSE 2025:Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","location":"Nijmegen Netherlands","sponsor":["SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 Working Group Reports on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3760545.3783969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:52:02Z","timestamp":1770918722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3760545.3783969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3760545.3783969","10.1145\/3760545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3760545.3783969","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}