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In this survey, we thoroughly review recent advancements in designing FL-based SG systems across three stages: generation, transmission and distribution, and consumption. Additionally, we explore potential vulnerabilities that may arise when implementing FL in these stages. Furthermore, we discuss the gap between state-of-the-art (SOTA) FL research and its practical applications in SGs, and we propose future research directions. Unlike traditional surveys addressing security issues in centralized machine learning methods for SG systems, this survey is the first to specifically examine the applications and security concerns unique to FL-based SG systems. We also introduce FedGridShield, an open source framework featuring implementations of SOTA attack and defense methods. Our aim is to inspire further research into applications and improvements in the robustness of FL-based SG systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3760788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T18:40:01Z","timestamp":1755196801000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Federated Learning for Smart Grid: A Survey on Applications and Potential Vulnerabilities"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7437-6424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zikai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suman","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingsong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300059","article-title":"SDCL: A framework for secure, distributed, and collaborative learning in smart grids","volume":"7","author":"Abdellatif Alaa Awad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alaa Awad Abdellatif, Khaled Shaban, and Ahmed Massoud. 2024. 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