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Under our framework, a 2\u00d7\u20133\u00d7 speedup over hardware tessellation is achieved for bi-3 B\u00e9zier surfaces, while bi-7 B\u00e9zier surfaces exhibit a 7\u00d7\u201311\u00d7 improvement. Compared to ETER [Xiong et al. 2023], our method achieves 1.3\u00d7\u20132.1\u00d7 faster rendering and 52%\u201372% lower memory usage under the same non-watertight uniform pattern. When enforcing watertightness, a moderate overhead of 23%\u201351% is incurred. With its advantages in quality, efficiency, and adaptability, WATER provides a compelling alternative for industrial-scale rendering tasks requiring watertightness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3763317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T17:15:39Z","timestamp":1764868539000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["WATER: Watertight Tessellation for Real-Time Pixel-Accurate Rendering of Large-Scale Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2473-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1199-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheyun Technology, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3527-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheyun Technology, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2006.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1071866.1071882"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925874"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Christoph Buchenau and Michael Guthe. 2021. 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