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To address this challenge, we introduce\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Control Operators<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a powerful and flexible framework for specifying the control mechanisms of interactive character controllers. By breaking down the control problem into a set of simple operators, each with a semantic meaning for designers, and a corresponding neural network structure, we allow non-technical users to design control mechanisms in a way that is intuitive and can be composed together to train models that have multiple skills and control modes. We demonstrate their potential with two current state-of-the-art interactive character controllers - a Flow-Matching-based auto-regressive model, and a variation of Learned Motion Matching. We validate the approach via a user study wherein industry practitioners with varying degrees of ML and technical expertise explore the use of our system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3763319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T17:15:39Z","timestamp":1764868539000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Control Operators for Interactive Character Animation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9851-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiyu","family":"Gou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epic Games, Vancouver, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9123-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel","family":"van de Panne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6085-4364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epic Games, Montreal, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925893"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592458"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14632"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tenglong Ao Zeyi Zhang and Libin Liu. 2023. 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