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Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The immutability of blockchain technology, while fundamental to its trustworthiness, introduces significant challenges for dynamic data governance scenarios such as financial transaction corrections, privacy-preserving healthcare data updates, and GDPR compliance. Existing blockchain rewriting schemes based on chameleon hash techniques alleviate some of these issues but suffer from inherent limitations, including complex key management overhead, lack of regulatory mechanisms, and inflexible access policy enforcement. This article introduces a chameleon hash that supports the identity update, called\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IDCHU<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is a novel cryptographic primitive integrating identity-based proxy re-encryption and chameleon hash with ephemeral trapdoors to enable secure, traceable and identity-aware data modifications while supporting flexible user identity updates. The proposed regulable blockchain rewriting scheme built upon\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IDCHU<\/jats:italic>\n                    algorithm ensures compliance through three core mechanisms: identity-bound modification authority, time-constrained modification and cryptographic traceability recorded on a regulatory blockchain. We provide formal security proofs for both the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IDCHU<\/jats:italic>\n                    algorithm and the blockchain rewriting scheme. The experimental evaluations and comparisons validate the scheme\u2019s efficiency, showcasing its practical viability for real-world applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3765896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T12:42:42Z","timestamp":1757335362000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Regulatable Blockchain Rewriting Scheme for Identity-Aware Data Modification and User Identity Update"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5998-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"name":"Beijing Shengxin Network Technology Co., Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1120-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Unicom Data Intelligence Co., Ltd.","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7875-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaofeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2446-9355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Unicom Data Intelligence Co., Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1111-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NovNet Computing System Tech Co.,Ltd.","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christopher Kuner and others (Eds.). 2020. 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Pacific - Basin Finance Journal 49 (2018), 101\u2013122.","journal-title":"Pacific - Basin Finance Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","volume-title":"International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 2021","author":"Board International Accounting Standards","year":"2021","unstructured":"International Accounting Standards Board. 2021. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) 2021. International Accounting Standards Board."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54388-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"X. Chen F. Zhang H. Tian et\u00a0al. 2009. Key-exposure free chameleon hashing and signatures based on discrete logarithm systems. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. 2009 (2009) 35."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Derler K. Samelin D. Slamanig and C. Striecks. 2019. Fine-grained and controlled rewriting in blockchains: Chameleon-hashing gone attribute-based. IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch. Tech. Rep. 2019\/406 (2019). [Online]. Available: https:\/\/eprint.iacr.org\/2019\/406","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72738-5_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2943331"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2901011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yanxue Jia Shi-Feng Sun Yi Zhang Zhiqiang Liu and Dawu Gu. 2021. Redactable blockchain supporting supervision and self-management. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS\u201921). Association for Computing Machinery Virtual Event Hong Kong 844\u2013858. 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