{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:55:11Z","timestamp":1777064111918,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":44,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"NSFC","award":["62402407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62402407"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong RGC TRS","award":["T41-603\/20R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T41-603\/20R"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong GRF","award":["16213621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16213621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3767295.3769317","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:20:04Z","timestamp":1777062004000},"page":"108-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Learn-to-Probe: Achieving Signal Distinguishability in Learning-based Congestion Control"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3238-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1068-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6926-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xudong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3442-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Decang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7515-3760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5526-0201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8228-2552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8699-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication. 632\u2013647","author":"Abbasloo Soheil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soheil Abbasloo, Chen-Yu Yen, and H Jonathan Chao. 2020. Classic meets modern: a pragmatic learning-based congestion control for the internet. In Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication. 632\u2013647."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 24)","author":"Agarwal Anup","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anup Agarwal, Venkat Arun, Devdeep Ray, Ruben Martins, and Srinivasan Seshan. 2024. Towards provably performant congestion control. In 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 24). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 951\u2013978. https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi24\/presentation\/agarwal-anup"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3452296.3472912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18)","author":"Arun Venkat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Venkat Arun and Hari Balakrishnan. 2018. Copa: Practical delay-based congestion control for the internet. In 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18). 329\u2013342."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence S Brakmo Sean W O'Malley and Larry L Peterson. 1994. TCP Vegas: New techniques for congestion detection and avoidance. Number 4. ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/190809.190317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1145\/3012426.3022184","article-title":"BBR: Congestion-based congestion control","volume":"14","author":"Cardwell Neal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neal Cardwell, Yuchung Cheng, C Stephen Gunn, Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, and Van Jacobson. 2016. BBR: Congestion-based congestion control. Queue 14, 5 (2016), 20\u201353.","journal-title":"Queue"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"PCC: Re-architecting Congestion Control for Consistent High Performance. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 15)","author":"Dong Mo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mo Dong, Qingxi Li, Doron Zarchy, P Brighten Godfrey, and Michael Schapira. 2015. PCC: Re-architecting Congestion Control for Consistent High Performance. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 15). 395\u2013408."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"PCC Vivace: Online-Learning Congestion Control. In 15th USENEC Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18)","author":"Dong Mo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mo Dong, Tong Meng, Doron Zarchy, Engin Arslan, Yossi Gilad, Brighten Godfrey, and Michael Schapira. 2018. PCC Vivace: Online-Learning Congestion Control. In 15th USENEC Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18). USENIX Association, Renton, WA, 343\u2013356."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020438","article-title":"Particle filters: A hands-on tutorial","volume":"21","author":"Elfring Jos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jos Elfring, Elena Torta, and Ren\u00e9 Van De Molengraft. 2021. Particle filters: A hands-on tutorial. Sensors 21, 2 (2021), 438.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"DI engine Contributors. 2021. DI-engine: OpenDILab Decision Intelligence Engine. https:\/\/github.com\/opendilab\/DI-engine. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2002.807336","article-title":"TCP Veno: TCP enhancement for transmission over wireless access networks","volume":"21","author":"Fu Cheng Peng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheng Peng Fu and Soung C Liew. 2003. TCP Veno: TCP enhancement for transmission over wireless access networks. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications 21, 2 (2003), 216\u2013228.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1587\u20131596","author":"Fujimoto Scott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scott Fujimoto, Herke Hoof, and David Meger. 2018. Addressing function approximation error in actor-critic methods. In International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR, 1587\u20131596."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"CUBIC: a new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant. ACM SIGOPS operating systems review 5","author":"Ha Sangtae","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sangtae Ha, Injong Rhee, and Lisong Xu. 2008. CUBIC: a new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant. ACM SIGOPS operating systems review 5 (2008), 64\u201374."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20)","author":"Hao Mingzhe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mingzhe Hao, Levent Toksoz, Nanqinqin Li, Edward Edberg Halim, Henry Hoffmann, and Haryadi S Gunawi. 2020. {LinnOS}: Predictability on Unpredictable Flash Storage with a Light Neural Network. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 20). 173\u2013190."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"2017 IEEE 25th international conference on network protocols (ICNP). IEEE, 1\u201310","author":"Hock Mario","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mario Hock, Roland Bless, and Martina Zitterbart. 2017. Experimental evaluation of BBR congestion control. In 2017 IEEE 25th international conference on network protocols (ICNP). IEEE, 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3495759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Congestion avoidance and control. ACM SIGCOMM computer communication review 18, 4","author":"Jacobson Van","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van Jacobson. 1988. Congestion avoidance and control. ACM SIGCOMM computer communication review 18, 4 (1988), 314\u2013329."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning ICML. 3050\u20133059","author":"Jay Nathan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nathan Jay, Noga Rotman, Brighten Godfrey, Michael Schapira, and Aviv Tamar. 2019. A Deep Reinforcement Learning Perspective on Internet Congestion Control. In International Conference on Machine Learning ICML. 3050\u20133059."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"International conference on learning representations.","author":"Kapturowski Steven","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steven Kapturowski, Georg Ostrovski, John Quan, Remi Munos, and Will Dabney. 2018. Recurrent experience replay in distributed reinforcement learning. In International conference on learning representations."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2005.1498463","volume-title":"Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.","volume":"3","author":"King Ryan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ryan King, Richard Baraniuk, and Rudolf Riedi. 2005. TCP-Africa: An adaptive and fair rapid increase rule for scalable TCP. In Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies., Vol. 3. IEEE, 1838\u20131848."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980","author":"Kingma Diederik P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diederik P Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2014. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Conference on Computer Systems. 99\u2013114","author":"Liao Xudong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xudong Liao, Han Tian, Chaoliang Zeng, Xinchen Wan, and Kai Chen. 2024. Astraea: Towards Fair and Efficient Learning-based Congestion Control. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Conference on Computer Systems. 99\u2013114."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.02971","author":"Lillicrap Timothy P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Timothy P Lillicrap, Jonathan J Hunt, Alexander Pritzel, Nicolas Heess, Tom Erez, Yuval Tassa, David Silver, and Daan Wierstra. 2015. Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.02971 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth European Conference on Computer Systems. 218\u2013235","author":"Ma Yiqing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yiqing Ma, Han Tian, Xudong Liao, Junxue Zhang, Weiyan Wang, Kai Chen, and Xin Jin. 2022. Multi-objective congestion control. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth European Conference on Computer Systems. 218\u2013235."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication. 197\u2013210","author":"Mao Hongzi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hongzi Mao, Ravi Netravali, and Mohammad Alizadeh. 2017. Neural adaptive video streaming with pensieve. In Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication. 197\u2013210."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '19)","author":"Mao Hongzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hongzi Mao, Malte Schwarzkopf, Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan, Zili Meng, and Mohammad Alizadeh. 2019. Learning Scheduling Algorithms for Data Processing Clusters. In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 270\u2013288. 10.1145\/3341302.3342080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"International conference on machine learning. PMLR","author":"Mnih Volodymyr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Volodymyr Mnih, Adria Puigdomenech Badia, Mehdi Mirza, Alex Graves, Timothy Lillicrap, Tim Harley, David Silver, and Koray Kavukcuoglu. 2016. Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning. In International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 1928\u20131937."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Playing atari with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.5602","author":"Mnih Volodymyr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Volodymyr Mnih, Koray Kavukcuoglu, David Silver, Alex Graves, Ioannis Antonoglou, Daan Wierstra, and Martin Riedmiller. 2013. Playing atari with deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.5602 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Mahimahi: Accurate Record-and-Replay for HTTP. In 2015 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 15)","author":"Netravali Ravi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ravi Netravali, Anirudh Sivaraman, Somak Das, Ameesh Goyal, Keith Winstein, James Mickens, and Hari Balakrishnan. 2015. Mahimahi: Accurate Record-and-Replay for HTTP. In 2015 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 15). 417\u2013429."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"PyTorch: An Imperative Style","author":"Paszke Adam","unstructured":"Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Francisco Massa, Adam Lerer, James Bradbury, Gregory Chanan, Trevor Killeen, Zeming Lin, Natalia Gimelshein, Luca Antiga, Alban Desmaison, Andreas Kopf, Edward Yang, Zachary DeVito, Martin Raison, Alykhan Tejani, Sasank Chilamkurthy, Benoit Steiner, Lu Fang, Junjie Bai, and Soumith Chintala. 2019. PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32, H. Wallach, H. Larochelle, A. Beygelzimer, F. d'Alch\u00e9-Buc, E. Fox, and R. Garnett (Eds.). Curran Associates, Inc., 8024\u20138035. http:\/\/papers.neurips.cc\/paper\/9015-pytorch-an-imperative-style-high-performance-deep-learning-library.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J Salim H Khosravi Andi Kleen and Alexey Kuznetsov. 2003. Linux netlink as an ip services protocol. Technical Report.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Silver Thomas Hubert Julian Schrittwieser Ioannis Antonoglou Matthew Lai Arthur Guez Marc Lanctot Laurent Sifre Dharshan Kumaran Thore Graepel et al. 2018. A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess shogi and Go through self-play. Science 362 6419 (2018) 1140\u20131144.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Machine Learning (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research), Eric P. Xing and Tony Jebara (Eds.)","volume":"32","author":"Silver David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David Silver, Guy Lever, Nicolas Heess, Thomas Degris, Daan Wierstra, and Martin Riedmiller. 2014. Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithms. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Machine Learning (Proceedings of Machine Learning Research), Eric P. Xing and Tony Jebara (Eds.), Vol. 32. PMLR, Bejing, China, 387\u2013395. https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v32\/silver14.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Reinforcement learning: An introduction","author":"Sutton Richard S","unstructured":"Richard S Sutton and Andrew G Barto. 2018. Reinforcement learning: An introduction. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 1\u201312","author":"Tan Kun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kun Tan, Jingmin Song, Qian Zhang, and Murari Sridharan. 2006. A compound TCP approach for high-speed and long distance networks. In Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 1\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"The Google BBR Team. [n. d.]. BBR bandwidth based convergence. ([n. d.]). https:\/\/github.com\/google\/bbr\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/bbr_bandwidth_based_convergence.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twentieth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys '25)","author":"Tian Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han Tian, Xudong Liao, Decang Sun, Chaoliang Zeng, Yilun Jin, Junxue Zhang, Xinchen Wan, Zilong Wang, Yong Wang, and Kai Chen. 2025. Achieving Fairness Generalizability for Learning-based Congestion Control with Jury. In Proceedings of the Twentieth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys '25). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 413\u2013427. 10.1145\/3689031.3696065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. 261\u2013275","author":"Tian Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Tian, Xudong Liao, Chaoliang Zeng, Junxue Zhang, and Kai Chen. 2022. Spine: an efficient DRL-based congestion control with ultra-low overhead. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies. 261\u2013275."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM '13)","author":"Winstein Keith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan. 2013. TCP Ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 123\u2013134. 10.1145\/2486001.2486020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","volume":"1","author":"Xu Kaiqiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kaiqiang Xu, Decang Sun, Hao Wang, Zhenghang Ren, Xinchen Wan, Xudong Liao, Zilong Wang, Junxue Zhang, and Kai Chen. 2025. Design and Operation of Shared Machine Learning Clusters on Campus. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 1 (ASPLOS '25). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 295\u2013310. 10.1145\/3669940.3707266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 18)","author":"Yan Francis Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Francis Y Yan, Jestin Ma, Greg D Hill, Deepti Raghavan, Riad S Wahby, Philip Levis, and Keith Winstein. 2018. Pantheon: the training ground for Internet congestion-control research. In 2018 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 18)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference (SIGCOMM '21)","author":"Yan Siyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siyu Yan, Xiaoliang Wang, Xiaolong Zheng, Yinben Xia, Derui Liu, and Weishan Deng. 2021. ACC: Automatic ECN Tuning for High-Speed Datacenter Networks. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference (SIGCOMM '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 384\u2013397. 10.1145\/3452296.3472927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference (ACM SIGCOMM '23).","author":"Yen Chen-Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen-Yu Yen, Soheil Abbasloo, and H Jonathan Chao. 2023. Computers Can Learn from the Heuristic Designs and Master Internet Congestion Control. In ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference (ACM SIGCOMM '23)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference. 414\u2013427","author":"Zhang Junxue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Junxue Zhang, Chaoliang Zeng, Hong Zhang, Shuihai Hu, and Kai Chen. 2022. Liteflow: towards high-performance adaptive neural networks for kernel datapath. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference. 414\u2013427."}],"event":{"name":"EUROSYS '26: 21st European Conference on Computer Systems","location":"McEwan Hall\/The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland UK","acronym":"EUROSYS '26","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:30:51Z","timestamp":1777062651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3767295.3769317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3767295.3769317","10.1145\/3767295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3767295.3769317","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}