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Syst. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the age of social media and generative AI, the ability to automatically assess the credibility of online content has become increasingly critical, complementing traditional approaches to false information detection. Credibility assessment relies on aggregating diverse credibility signals\u2014small units of information, such as content subjectivity, bias or a presence of persuasion techniques\u2014into a final credibility label\/score. However, current research in automatic credibility assessment and credibility signals detection remains highly fragmented, with many signals studied in isolation and lacking integration. Notably, there is a scarcity of approaches that detect and aggregate multiple credibility signals simultaneously. These challenges are further exacerbated by the absence of a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of research works that connects these research efforts under a common framework and identifies shared trends, challenges and open problems. In this survey, we address this gap by presenting a systematic and comprehensive literature review of 175 research papers, focusing on textual credibility signals within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), which undergoes a rapid transformation due to advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs). While positioning the NLP research into the broader multidisciplinary landscape, we examine both automatic credibility assessment methods as well as the detection of nine categories of credibility signals. We provide an in-depth analysis of three key categories: (1) factuality, subjectivity and bias, (2) persuasion techniques and logical fallacies and (3) check-worthy and fact-checked claims. In addition to summarising existing methods, datasets and tools, we outline future research direction and emerging opportunities, with particular attention to evolving challenges posed by generative AI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3770077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:05:46Z","timestamp":1759244746000},"page":"1-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Survey on Automatic Credibility Assessment Using Textual Credibility Signals in the Era of Large Language Models"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3511-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Srba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kempelen Institute of Intelligent Technologies, Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7922-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olesya","family":"Razuvayevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o A.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3052-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kempelen Institute of Intelligent Technologies, Bratislava, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5037-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ipek Baris","family":"Schlicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsche Welle, Bonn\/Berlin, Germany and Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Val\u00e9ncia, Val\u00e9ncia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-6689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Moreno","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1881-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago Barrio","family":"Lottmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0505-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Teyssou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence France-Presse, Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7909-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Porcellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence France-Presse, Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Scarton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalina","family":"Bontcheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bielikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kempelen Institute of Intelligent Technologies, Bratislava, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.arabicnlp-1.52","volume-title":"Proceedings of ArabicNLP 2023","author":"Abdel-Salam Reem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reem Abdel-Salam. 2023. rematchka at ArAIEval shared task: Prefix-tuning & prompt-tuning for improved detection of propaganda and disinformation in Arabic Social Media content. 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