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To overcome these challenges, we present ScaleQsim, a highly scalable quantum circuit simulation framework for large-scale HPC systems. ScaleQsim focuses on providing a unified representation of the full qubit state, yet provides scalability through efficient synchronization and communication. ScaleQsim adopts a novel full state vector partitioning strategy that evenly distributes the full state vector across multiple nodes and GPUs. This distributed structure enables efficient parallel gate execution without costly synchronization, and ScaleQsim applies adaptive kernel configuration, which adjusts execution parameters based on GPU resources and task granularity to enhance simulation efficiency. Our evaluation on a leadership-scale supercomputer with up to 512 GPUs demonstrates that ScaleQsim simulates quantum circuits with up to 42 qubits and outperforms leading SOTA simulators by up to 77.40\u00d7 across various quantum circuits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3771577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T20:07:03Z","timestamp":1764706023000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ScaleQsim: Highly Scalable Quantum Circuit Simulation Framework for Exascale HPC Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-1593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changjong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2708-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehan","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0374-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seunghwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6295-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6907-3393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kesheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Houjun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongseok","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2295-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunggon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-023-03955-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-024-04580-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"David A Buell, et al.","author":"Arute Frank","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Ryan Babbush, Dave Bacon, Joseph C Bardin, Rami Barends, Rupak Biswas, Sergio Boixo, Fernando GSL Brandao, David A Buell, et al. 2019. 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