{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T03:25:54Z","timestamp":1769657154084,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":59,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3771775.3786274","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:46:23Z","timestamp":1769611583000},"page":"40-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RIFS: Run-Time Invariant Function Specialization"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2259-6426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Jamilan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6871-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snehasish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, Mountain View, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiner","family":"Litz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"1987. GCC the GNU Compiler Collection. https:\/\/gcc.gnu.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2003. LTO. https:\/\/www.llvm.org\/docs\/LinkTimeOptimization.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2016. Whole Program LLVM. https:\/\/github.com\/travitch\/whole-program-llvm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"SPEC CPU 2017","year":"2017","unstructured":"2017. SPEC CPU 2017. https:\/\/www.spec.org\/cpu2017\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"2019. mprofile value profiling tool. https:\/\/github.com\/mounikaponugoti\/Tracing-tools"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"2020. Bloaty: a size profiler for binaries. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/bloaty"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"2023. llvm-bolt. https:\/\/github.com\/llvm\/llvm-project\/blob\/main\/bolt\/README.md"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"2017 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (SAMOS). 163\u2013170","author":"Arif Ali AP","year":"2017","unstructured":"AP Arif Ali and Erven Rohou. 2017. Dynamic function specialization. In 2017 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (SAMOS). 163\u2013170."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/960116.54014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Compiler Construction: 4th International Conference, CC\u201992 Paderborn, FRG, October 5\u20137, 1992 Proceedings 4. 251\u2013257","author":"Andersen Lars Ole","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lars Ole Andersen. 1992. Partial evaluation of C and automatic compiler generation. In Compiler Construction: 4th International Conference, CC\u201992 Paderborn, FRG, October 5\u20137, 1992 Proceedings 4. 251\u2013257."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Self-applicable C Program Specialization","volume":"92","author":"Andersen Lars Ole","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lars Ole Andersen. 1992. Self-applicable C Program Specialization.. PEPM, 92, 28 (1992), 54\u201361.","journal-title":"PEPM"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Lars Ole Andersen. 1994. Program analysis and specialization for the C programming language."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Generic Programming: Controlling Static Specialization with Concepts in C+.","author":"Bachelet Bruno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruno Bachelet, Antoine Mahul, and Lo\u00efc Yon. 2010. Generic Programming: Controlling Static Specialization with Concepts in C+."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/197405.197406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Random forests. Machine learning, 45, 1","author":"Breiman Leo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leo Breiman. 2001. Random forests. Machine learning, 45, 1 (2001), 5\u201332."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/255215.255225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"WHOPR-Fast and Scalable Whole Program Optimizations in GCC. Initial Draft, 12","author":"Briggs Preston","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preston Briggs, Doug Evans, Brian Grant, Robert Hundt, William Maddox, Diego Novillo, Seongbae Park, David Sehr, Ian Taylor, and Ollie Wild. 2007. WHOPR-Fast and Scalable Whole Program Optimizations in GCC. Initial Draft, 12 (2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1005285.1005298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IISWC.2009.5306797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2854038.2854044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Tuning programs with OProfile","volume":"1","author":"Cohen William E","year":"2004","unstructured":"William E Cohen. 2004. Tuning programs with OProfile. Wide Open Magazine, 1 (2004), 53\u201362.","journal-title":"Wide Open Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/504709.504710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1145\/2775053.2658774","article-title":"Specialization through dynamic staging","volume":"50","author":"Danilewski Piotr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piotr Danilewski, Marcel K\u00f6ster, Roland Lei\u00df a, Richard Membarth, and Philipp Slusallek. 2014. Specialization through dynamic staging. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 50, 3 (2014), 103\u2013112.","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380180805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2000064.2000108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Just in Time: Assumptions and Speculations. Ph. D. Dissertation","author":"Fl\u00fcckiger Olivier","unstructured":"Olivier Fl\u00fcckiger. 2022. Just in Time: Assumptions and Speculations. Ph. D. Dissertation. Northeastern University."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3428288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"DASS: Dynamic Adaptive Sub-Target Specialization. In 2023 International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing Workshops (SBAC-PADW). 36\u201345","author":"Gobran Tyler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tyler Gobran, Jo\u00e3o PL de Carvalho, and Christopher Barton. 2023. DASS: Dynamic Adaptive Sub-Target Specialization. In 2023 International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing Workshops (SBAC-PADW). 36\u201345."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"John CockePeter Willy Markstein google patents. [n. d.]. Reassociation process for code optimization. https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/EP0273130A2\/en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Intel\u00ae 64 and ia-32 architectures software developer\u2019s manual","author":"Guide Part","year":"2011","unstructured":"Part Guide. 2011. Intel\u00ae 64 and ia-32 architectures software developer\u2019s manual. Volume 3B: System programming Guide, Part, 2, 11 (2011), 1\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/581199.581256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3049832.3049845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Lightgbm: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree. Advances in neural information processing systems, 30","author":"Ke Guolin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guolin Ke, Qi Meng, Thomas Finley, Taifeng Wang, Wei Chen, Weidong Ma, Qiwei Ye, and Tie-Yan Liu. 2017. Lightgbm: A highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree. Advances in neural information processing systems, 30 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/773473.178256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-011-9272-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:LISP.0000029444.99264.c0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGO.2004.1281665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2019.102318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"CLANG COMPILER USER\u2019S MANUAL. [n. d.]. Profile-Guided Optimizations for Clang. https:\/\/clang.llvm.org\/docs\/UsersManual.html##profile-guided-optimization"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP48549.2020.00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Steven Muchnick. 1997. Advanced compiler design implementation. Morgan kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGO.2019.8661201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop on Binary Instrumentation and Applications.","author":"Perianayagam Somu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Somu Perianayagam, HaiFeng He, Mohan Rajagopalan, Gregory Andrews, and Saumya Debray. 2006. Profile-guided specialization of an operating system kernel. In Proc. Workshop on Binary Instrumentation and Applications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/93542.93550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/517554.825759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"VTune performance analyzer essentials. 9","author":"Reinders James","unstructured":"James Reinders. 2005. VTune performance analyzer essentials. 9, Intel Press Santa Clara."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Otto Bruggeman Patrick Fay Patrick Ungerer Austen Ott Patrick Lu James Harris Phil Kerly Patrick Konsor Andrey Semin Michael Kanaly Ryan Brazones Rahul Shah Jacob Dobkins Roman Dementiev Thomas Willhalm. [n. d.]. Intel Performance Counter Monitor. https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/developer\/articles\/tool\/performance-counter-monitor.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/335231.335246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Moore\u2019s law: past, present and future","author":"Schaller Robert R","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robert R Schaller. 1997. Moore\u2019s law: past, present and future. IEEE spectrum, 34, 6 (1997), 52\u201359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proc. 2001 Workshop on Binary Translation (WBT-2001)","author":"Schwarz Benjamin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benjamin Schwarz, Saumya Debray, Gregory Andrews, and Matthew Legendre. 2001. Plto: A link-time optimizer for the Intel IA-32 architecture. In Proc. 2001 Workshop on Binary Translation (WBT-2001). 114."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","volume":"2","author":"Shen Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han Shen, Krzysztof Pszeniczny, Rahman Lavaee, Snehasish Kumar, Sriraman Tallam, and Xinliang David Li. 2023. Propeller: A profile guided, relinking optimizer for warehouse-scale applications. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 2. 617\u2013631."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2892208.2892225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Intercepting functions for memoization: A case study using transcendental functions","volume":"12","author":"Suresh Arjun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arjun Suresh, Bharath Narasimha Swamy, Erven Rohou, and Andr\u00e9 Seznec. 2015. Intercepting functions for memoization: A case study using transcendental functions. ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO), 12, 2 (2015), 18\u20131.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Jeffery Von Ronne. 2005. A Safe and Efficient Machine-independent Code Transportation Format Based on Static Single Assignment Form and Applied to Just-in Time Compilation. Ph. D. Dissertation. Citeseer."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/103135.103136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3037697.3037729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380403.2380423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3053277.3053279"}],"event":{"name":"CC '26: 35th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Compiler Construction","location":"Sydney NSW Australia","acronym":"CC '26","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Compiler Construction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3771775.3786274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:47:13Z","timestamp":1769611633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3771775.3786274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3771775.3786274","10.1145\/3771775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3771775.3786274","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}