{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T23:09:22Z","timestamp":1768345762902,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":53,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772052.3772216","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:19:00Z","timestamp":1768321140000},"page":"102-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water Footprint of Datacenter Applications: Methodological Implications of Manufacturing, Operational, and Decommissioning Phases"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8854-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Samanta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9968-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yankai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5446-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Stutsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1082-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan Basu","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2019. Life Cycle Assessment of Dell R740). https:\/\/www.delltechnologies.com\/asset\/en-us\/products\/servers\/technical-support\/Full_LCA_Dell_R740.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2024. Lenovo FY 2024 ESG Report. https:\/\/investor.lenovo.com\/en\/sustainability\/reports\/FY2024-lenovo-sustainability-report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2024. Viewing your carbon footprint - AWS Billing \u2014 docs.aws.amazon.com.https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/awsaccountbilling\/latest\/aboutv2\/what-is-ccft.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"2024. The water challenge for semiconductor manufacturing: What needs to be done? uthttps:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2024\/07\/the-water-challenge-for-semiconductor-manufacturing-and-big-tech-what-needs-to-be-done\/?."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"2024. Water Use and Stress \u2014 ourworldindata.org. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/water-use-stress."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"2025. Seagate FY 2025 ESG Performance Report. https:\/\/www.seagate.com\/content\/dam\/seagate\/assets\/esg\/resources\/files\/seagate_fy2024_esg_performance_report_pages_521.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC41406.2024.00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3575693.3575754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The World's Fastest Supercomputer Needs 74 Miles of Cable and Tons of Water. Bloomberg","author":"Adler Maxwell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maxwell Adler. 2023. The World's Fastest Supercomputer Needs 74 Miles of Cable and Tons of Water. Bloomberg (2023). https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/features\/2023-01-05\/frontier-supercomputer-world-s-fastest-needs-74-miles-of-cable"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13084315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1454115.1454128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-017-1333-8","article-title":"The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE)","volume":"23","author":"Boulay Anne-Marie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anne-Marie Boulay, Jane Bare, Lorenzo Benini, Markus Berger, Michael J Lathuilli\u00e8re, Alessandro Manzardo, Manuele Margni, Masaharu Motoshita, Montserrat N\u00fa\u00f1ez, Amandine Valerie Pastor, et al. 2018. The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23, 2 (2018), 368\u2013378.","journal-title":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Franck Cappello. [n.d.]. AuroraGPT: Exploring AI Assistant for Science. ([n. d.])."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Characterizing Data Center Cooling System Water Stress in the United States. In ASHRAE Annual Conference papers.","author":"Chen Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Chen and Aaron P Wemhoff. 2022. Characterizing Data Center Cooling System Water Stress in the United States. In ASHRAE Annual Conference papers."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1840845.1840883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Medium","author":"Davy Benjamin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benjamin Davy. 2021. Building an AWS EC2 carbon emissions dataset. Medium, September (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Anastasia Ailamaki, and Babak Falsafi.","author":"Ferdman Michael","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michael Ferdman, Almutaz Adileh, Onur Kocberber, Stavros Volos, Mohammad Alisafaee, Djordje Jevdjic, Cansu Kaynak, Adrian Daniel Popescu, Anastasia Ailamaki, and Babak Falsafi. 2012. Clearing the clouds: a study of emerging scale-out workloads on modern hardware. Acm sigplan notices 47, 4 (2012), 37\u201348."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS FOR POSTCONSUMER RECYCLED RESINS: PET, HDPE, AND PP. Technical Report","author":"Franklin Associates and The Association of Plastic Recyclers.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Franklin Associates and The Association of Plastic Recyclers. 2020. LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS FOR POSTCONSUMER RECYCLED RESINS: PET, HDPE, AND PP. Technical Report. The Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR). https:\/\/plasticsrecycling.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/APR-Recycled-vs-Virgin-LCA-May2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2000064.2000105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3632775.3661962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"ACT: Designing sustainable computer systems with an architectural carbon modeling tool","author":"Gupta Udit","year":"2022","unstructured":"Udit Gupta, Mariam Elgamal, Gage Hills, Gu-YeonWei, Hsien-Hsin S Lee, David Brooks, and Carole-Jean Wu. 2022. ACT: Designing sustainable computer systems with an architectural carbon modeling tool. In ACM\/IEEE ISCA. 784\u2013799."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Sylvia Lee, Jordan Tse, Hsien-Hsin S Lee, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks, and Carole-Jean Wu.","author":"Gupta Udit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Udit Gupta, Young Geun Kim, Sylvia Lee, Jordan Tse, Hsien-Hsin S Lee, Gu-Yeon Wei, David Brooks, and Carole-Jean Wu. 2021. Chasing carbon: The elusive environmental footprint of computing. In IEEE HPCA. 854\u2013867."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3695053.3731023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2016.2535201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3710848.3710891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"EcoLife: Carbon-Aware Serverless Function Scheduling for Sustainable Computing. In SC24: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis. IEEE, 1\u201315","author":"Jiang Yankai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yankai Jiang, Rohan Basu Roy, Baolin Li, and Devesh Tiwari. 2024. EcoLife: Carbon-Aware Serverless Function Scheduling for Sustainable Computing. In SC24: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis. IEEE, 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"AWARE-US: Quantifying water stress impacts of energy systems in the United States. Science of the total environment 648","author":"Lee Uisung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uisung Lee, Hui Xu, Jesse Daystar, Amgad Elgowainy, and Michael Wang. 2019. AWARE-US: Quantifying water stress impacts of energy systems in the United States. Science of the total environment 648 (2019), 1313\u20131322."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Daniel Wang, Siddharth Samsi, Vijay Gadepally, and Devesh Tiwari.","author":"Li Baolin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baolin Li, Rohan Basu Roy, Daniel Wang, Siddharth Samsi, Vijay Gadepally, and Devesh Tiwari. 2023. Toward sustainable hpc: Carbon footprint estimation and environmental implications of hpc systems. In ACM\/IEEE SC. 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 21799\u201321813","author":"Li Baolin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baolin Li, Yankai Jiang, Vijay Gadepally, and Devesh Tiwari. 2024. Sprout: Green generative AI with carbon-efficient LLM inference. In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 21799\u201321813."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.08.007","article-title":"Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs): Current status and perspectives-A review","volume":"139","author":"Li Huan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huan Li, Jacques Eksteen, and Elsayed Oraby. 2018. Hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs): Current status and perspectives-A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 139 (2018), 122\u2013139.","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"\u201c thirsty\u201d: Uncovering and addressing the secret water footprint of ai models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.03271","author":"Li Pengfei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pengfei Li, Jianyi Yang, Mohammad A Islam, and Shaolei Ren. 2023. Making ai less\u201c thirsty\u201d: Uncovering and addressing the secret water footprint of ai models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.03271 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan Macknick Robin Newmark Garvin Heath and KC Hallett. 2011. Review of operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies. (2011).","DOI":"10.2172\/1009674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/045802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.105926","article-title":"Opportunities for reducing the supply chain water footprint of metals used in consumer electronics","volume":"176","author":"Madaka Hema","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hema Madaka, Callie W Babbitt, and Erinn G Ryen. 2022. Opportunities for reducing the supply chain water footprint of metals used in consumer electronics. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 176 (2022), 105926.","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Magaldi. 2025. Every Drop Matters: RethinkingWater Use in IBA Handling. https:\/\/www.magaldi.com\/en\/every-drop-matters-rethinking-water-use-iba-handling"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Electricity Maps. 2025. Electricity Maps Live 24\/7. https:\/\/app.electricitymaps.com\/map"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2000064.2000103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"meteologix. 2024. meteologix Live 24\/7. https:\/\/meteologix.com\/in"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.106027","article-title":"A comprehensive review on the recycling of discarded printed circuit boards for resource recovery","volume":"178","author":"Mir Shaila","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaila Mir and Nikhil Dhawan. 2022. A comprehensive review on the recycling of discarded printed circuit boards for resource recovery. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 178 (2022), 106027.","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Daniel Mussatti and Paula Hemmer. 2002. Wet Scrubbers for Particulate Matter. Technical Report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-07\/documents\/cs6ch2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"National Transportation Library. [n.d.]. Environmental - Advantages of Inland Barge Transportation. https:\/\/rosap.ntl.bts.gov\/view\/dot\/4544\/dot_4544_DS1.pdf?"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Life-cycle assessment of the production of rare-earth elements for energy applications: a review","volume":"2","author":"Navarro Julio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Julio Navarro and Fu Zhao. 2014. Life-cycle assessment of the production of rare-earth elements for energy applications: a review. Frontiers in Energy Research 2 (2014), 45.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Energy Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su70811260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"RMI. 2023. Hydrogen Reality Check: Distilling Green Hydrogen's Water Consumption. https:\/\/rmi.org\/hydrogen-reality-check-distilling-green-hydrogens-water-consumption\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. 570\u2013579","author":"Roy Rohan Basu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rohan Basu Roy, Raghavendra Kanakagiri, Yankai Jiang, and Devesh Tiwari. 2024. The Hidden Carbon Footprint of Serverless Computing. In Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. 570\u2013579."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Tonmoy Sarker. 2017. Water and Energy Costs of Landfilled Food Waste. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arman Shehabi Sarah Smith Dale Sartor Richard Brown Magnus Herrlin Jonathan Koomey Eric Masanet Nathaniel Horner In\u00eas Azevedo and William Lintner. 2016. United states data center energy usage report. (2016).","DOI":"10.2172\/1372902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abfba1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC41406.2024.00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"The Guardian. [n.d.]. Water shortage fears as Labour's first AI growth zone sited close to new reservoir. The Guardian ([n. d.]). https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2025\/jan\/13\/labour-ai-datacentre-growth-zone-water-shortages-abingdon-reservoir"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Utah State University. [n.d.]. Facts & Figures. https:\/\/www.usu.edu\/facilities\/recycling\/facts-and-figures#:~:text=Recycling%20one%20ton%20of%20paper%20saves%3A&text=7000%20gallons%20(27%2C000%20liters)%20ofpounds%20(27%20kilograms)%20of%20pollutants"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"WasteTrade. 2025. How Effective Recycling Conserves Water and Reduces Waste. https:\/\/www.wastetrade.com\/resources\/environmental\/how-effective-recycling-conserves-water-and-reduces-waste\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Not All Water Consumption Is Equal: A Water Stress Weighted Metric for Sustainable Computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.22773","author":"Wu Yanran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yanran Wu, Inez Hua, and Yi Ding. 2025. Not All Water Consumption Is Equal: A Water Stress Weighted Metric for Sustainable Computing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.22773 (2025)."}],"event":{"name":"SoCC '25: ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing","location":"Online USA","acronym":"SoCC '25","sponsor":["SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems","SIGMOD ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772052.3772216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:23:42Z","timestamp":1768321422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772052.3772216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772052.3772216","10.1145\/3772052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772052.3772216","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}