{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:54:55Z","timestamp":1776930895763,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":72,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790278","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:34:33Z","timestamp":1776065673000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\"Our Secret Language\": Co-Creating and Ritualizing Affective Haptics in Long-Distance Relationships"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8885-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengshi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2016-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Moesgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5270-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruochen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0284-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5655-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhining","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3218-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC-SJTU Insitute of Cultural and Creative Industry, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Salovaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design, School of ARTS, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali\u00a0Abdulrazzaq Alsamarei and Bahar \u015eener. 2023. Remote social touch framework: a way to communicate physical interactions across long distances. Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 17 2 (June 2023) 79\u2013104. 10.1007\/s12193-023-00402-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-023-00402-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leslie\u00a0A. Baxter and Connie Bullis. 1986. Turning Points in Developing Romantic Relationships. Human Communication Research 12 4 (1986) 469\u2013493. 10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00088.x_eprint: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00088.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00088.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charles\u00a0D. Bolton. 1961. Mate Selection as the Development of a Relationship. Marriage and Family Living 23 3 (1961) 234\u2013240. 10.2307\/346967Publisher: [National Council on Family Relations Wiley].","DOI":"10.2307\/346967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1120212.1120435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.985936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carol\u00a0J.S. Bruess and Judy\u00a0C. Pearson. 1997. Interpersonal rituals in marriage and adult friendship. Communication Monographs 64 1 (March 1997) 25\u201346. 10.1080\/03637759709376403Publisher: NCA Website _eprint: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03637759709376403.","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759709376403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025774"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/347642.347802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xi\u00a0Laura Cang Ali Israr and Karon\u00a0E. MacLean. 2023. When is a Haptic Message Like an Inside Joke? Digitally Mediated Emotive Communication Builds on Shared History. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 14 1 (Jan. 2023) 732\u2013746. 10.1109\/TAFFC.2023.3244520","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2023.3244520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3462244.3479924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/778712.778755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/634067.634252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3374920.3374938"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689050.3704958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1125451.1125532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_21_2","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community","author":"Cutrona Carolyn\u00a0E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carolyn\u00a0E. Cutrona and Julie\u00a0A. Suhr. 1994. Social support communication in the context of marriage: An analysis of couples\u2019 supportive interactions. In Communication of social support: Messages, interactions, relationships, and community. Sage Publications, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, US, 113\u2013135."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3715336.3735773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dan-Mikael Ellingsen Siri Leknes Guro L\u00f8seth Johan Wessberg and H\u00e5kan Olausson. 2016. The Neurobiology Shaping Affective Touch: Expectation Motivation and Meaning in the Multisensory Context. Frontiers in Psychology 6 (Jan. 2016) Article 1986. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01986Publisher: Frontiers.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alberto Gallace and Charles Spence. 2010. The science of interpersonal touch: An overview. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 34 2 (Feb. 2010) 246\u2013259. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.10.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ximena Garcia-Rada Ovul Sezer and Michael\u00a0I. Norton. 2019. Rituals and Nuptials: The Emotional and Relational Consequences of Relationship Rituals. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research 4 2 (April 2019) 185\u2013197. 10.1086\/702761","DOI":"10.1086\/702761"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380116.2380138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antal Haans and Wijnand IJsselsteijn. 2006. Mediated social touch: a review of current research and future directions. Virtual Reality 9 2-3 (Jan. 2006) 149\u2013159. 10.1007\/s10055-005-0014-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-005-0014-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Judith\u00a0A. Hall and Ellen\u00a0M. Veccia. 1990. More \"touching\" observations: New insights on men women and interpersonal touch. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 6 (1990) 1155\u20131162. 10.1037\/0022-3514.59.6.1155Place: US Publisher: American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.6.1155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marc Hassenzahl Stephanie Heidecker Kai Eckoldt Sarah Diefenbach and Uwe Hillmann. 2012. All You Need is Love: Current Strategies of Mediating Intimate Relationships through Technology. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 19 4 (Dec. 2012) 1\u201319. 10.1145\/2395131.2395137","DOI":"10.1145\/2395131.2395137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3623509.3633384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matthew\u00a0J. Hertenstein Dacher Keltner Betsy App Brittany\u00a0A. Bulleit and Ariane\u00a0R. Jaskolka. 2006. Touch communicates distinct emotions. Emotion (Washington D.C.) 6 3 (Aug. 2006) 528\u2013533. 10.1037\/1528-3542.6.3.528","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.3.528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicholas\u00a0M. Hobson Juliana Schroeder Jane\u00a0L. Risen Dimitris Xygalatas and Michael Inzlicht. 2018. The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework. Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Inc 22 3 (Aug. 2018) 260\u2013284. 10.1177\/1088868317734944","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868317734944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gijs Huisman. 2017. Social Touch Technology: A Survey of Haptic Technology for Social Touch. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 10 3 (July 2017) 391\u2013408. 10.1109\/TOH.2017.2650221Conference Name: IEEE Transactions on Haptics.","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2017.2650221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WHC.2013.6548410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brett\u00a0K. Jakubiak and Brooke\u00a0C. Feeney. 2017. Affectionate Touch to Promote Relational Psychological and Physical Well-Being in Adulthood: A Theoretical Model and Review of the Research. Personality and Social Psychology Review 21 3 (Aug. 2017) 228\u2013252. 10.1177\/1088868316650307","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868316650307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mengqi Jiang Vijayakumar Nanjappan Ziming Li Zhen Wu Ziqian Bai and Hai-Ning Liang. 2025. iPillowPal: Exploring affective gesture-based interactive textile design for long-distance relationship couples. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 199 (May 2025) 103466. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451640"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1056958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3374920.3374937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_44_2","volume-title":"Nonverbal communication in human interaction","author":"Knapp Mark\u00a0L.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mark\u00a0L. Knapp, Judith\u00a0A. Hall, and Terrence\u00a0G. Horgan. 1972. Nonverbal communication in human interaction. Rinehart and Winston, New York, NY: Holt."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460625.2460656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236112.3236181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youn-Kyung Lim Erik Stolterman and Josh Tenenberg. 2008. The anatomy of prototypes: Prototypes as filters prototypes as manifestations of design ideas. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 15 2 (July 2008) 1\u201327. 10.1145\/1375761.1375762","DOI":"10.1145\/1375761.1375762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karon\u00a0E. MacLean. 2008. Haptic Interaction Design for Everyday Interfaces. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics 4 1 (Oct. 2008) 149\u2013194. 10.1518\/155723408X342826","DOI":"10.1518\/155723408X342826"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karon\u00a0E MacLean. 2022. Designing affective haptic experience for wellness and social communication: where designers need affective neuroscience and psychology. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 45 (June 2022) 101113. 10.1016\/j.cobeha.2022.101113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2022.101113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WHC.2019.8816093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1056994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Judy\u00a0C. Pearson Jeffrey\u00a0T. Child and Anna\u00a0F. Carmon. 2010. Rituals in Committed Romantic Relationships: The Creation and Validation of an Instrument. Communication Studies 61 4 (Aug. 2010) 464\u2013483. 10.1080\/10510974.2010.492339","DOI":"10.1080\/10510974.2010.492339"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sara Price Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze Carey Jewitt Nikoleta Yiannoutsou Katerina Fotopoulou Svetlana Dajic Juspreet Virdee Yixin Zhao Douglas Atkinson and Frederik Brudy. 2022. The Making of Meaning through Dyadic Haptic Affective Touch. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 29 3 (June 2022) 1\u201342. 10.1145\/3490494","DOI":"10.1145\/3490494"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elham Saadatian Hooman Samani Rahul Parsani Anshul\u00a0Vikram Pandey Jinhui Li Lenis Tejada Adrian\u00a0David Cheok and Ryohei Nakatsu. 2014. Mediating intimacy in long-distance relationships using kiss messaging. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 72 10-11 (Oct. 2014) 736\u2013746. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.05.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aino Saarinen Ville Harjunen Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti Iiro\u00a0P. J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen and Niklas Ravaja. 2021. Social touch experience in different contexts: A review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 131 (Dec. 2021) 360\u2013372. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Annett Schirmer Ilona Croy and Rochelle Ackerley. 2023. What are C-tactile afferents and how do they relate to \u201caffective touch\u201d? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 151 (Aug. 2023) 105236. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HAPTICS.2014.6775463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jocelyn Smith and Karon MacLean. 2007. Communicating emotion through a haptic link: Design space and methodology. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 65 4 (April 2007) 376\u2013387. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.11.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charles Spence. 2022. Multisensory contributions to affective touch. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 43 (Feb. 2022) 40\u201345. 10.1016\/j.cobeha.2021.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654777.3676435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3612438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qianhui Wei Min Li and Jun Hu. 2023. Mediated Social Touch With Mobile Devices: A Review of Designs and Evaluations. IEEE transactions on haptics 16 4 (2023) 785\u2013804. 10.1109\/TOH.2023.3327506","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2023.3327506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409240.1409338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lillian Yang and Carman Neustaedter. 2018. Our House: Living Long Distance with a Telepresence Robot. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2 CSCW (Nov. 2018) 190:1\u2013190:18. 10.1145\/3274459","DOI":"10.1145\/3274459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3719945"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311957.3359453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HAPTICS45997.2020.ras.HAP20.157.5a2e1551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240704"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:20:03Z","timestamp":1776417603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790278","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790278","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}