{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T08:00:22Z","timestamp":1776931222440,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":87,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"University of Lausanne HEC Research Fund","award":["Simulated Exercising Peers Towards Virtual Companionship to Support Physical Activity"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Simulated Exercising Peers Towards Virtual Companionship to Support Physical Activity"]}]},{"name":"School of Management of Fribourg R&D Fund","award":["SEP4PA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEP4PA"]}]},{"name":"R\u00e9seau de Comp\u00e9tence HES-SO (RCSO) Economie & Management","award":["SEP4PA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEP4PA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790303","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:47:11Z","timestamp":1776073631000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Workout Buddies Are Virtual: AI Agents and Human Peers in a Longitudinal Physical Activity Study"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Silacci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Persuasive Technology Lab, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and School of Management of Fribourg, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Cherubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Persuasive Technology Lab, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2825-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Boldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3855-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amon","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, University of Turin, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4050-4214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Caon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management of Fribourg, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314183.3323855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rinat Avraham Tzahit Simon-Tuval and Dina Van\u00a0Dijk. 2024. Determinants of physical activity habit formation: a theory-based qualitative study among young adults. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 19 1 (Dec. 2024) 2341984. 10.1080\/17482631.2024.2341984","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2024.2341984"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hui Bai Jan\u00a0G. Voelkel Shane Muldowney Johannes\u00a0C. Eichstaedt and Robb Willer. 2025. LLM-generated messages can persuade humans on policy issues. Nature Communications 16 1 (July 2025) 6037. 10.1038\/s41467-025-61345-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61345-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory","author":"Bandura Albert","year":"1986","unstructured":"Albert Bandura. 1986. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kristen Barta Katelyn Wolberg and Nazanin Andalibi. 2023. Similar Others Social Comparison and Social Support in Online Support Groups. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 7 CSCW2 (Oct. 2023) 295:1\u2013295:35. 10.1145\/3610086","DOI":"10.1145\/3610086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tessa Beinema Harm op\u00a0den Akker Lex van Velsen and Hermie Hermens. 2021. Tailoring coaching strategies to users\u2019 motivation in a multi-agent health coaching application. Computers in Human Behavior 121 (Aug. 2021) 106787. 10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Timothy\u00a0W. Bickmore Lisa Caruso Kerri Clough-Gorr and Tim Heeren. 2005. \u2018It\u2019s just like you talk to a friend\u2019 relational agents for older adults. Interacting with Computers 17 6 (Dec. 2005) 711\u2013735. 10.1016\/j.intcom.2005.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Timothy\u00a0W. Bickmore and Rosalind\u00a0W. Picard. 2005. Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 12 2 (June 2005) 293\u2013327. 10.1145\/1067860.1067867","DOI":"10.1145\/1067860.1067867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Timothy\u00a0W. Bickmore Daniel Schulman and Candace Sidner. 2013. Automated interventions for multiple health behaviors using conversational agents. Patient Education and Counseling 92 2 (Aug. 2013) 142\u2013148. 10.1016\/j.pec.2013.05.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14803-8_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arne Bouten Leen Haerens and Katrien De\u00a0Cocker. 2025. Students\u2019 relatedness with peers and teachers in secondary education: distinct associations with student motivation and engagement. Social Psychology of Education 28 1 (Dec. 2025) 143. 10.1007\/s11218-025-10071-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-025-10071-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2023. Toward good practice in thematic analysis: Avoiding common problems and be(com)ing a knowing researcher. International Journal of Transgender Health 24 1 (Jan. 2023) 1\u20136. 10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2129597"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alfred\u00a0Benedikt Brendel Fabian Hildebrandt Alan\u00a0R. Dennis and Johannes Riquel. 2023. The Paradoxical Role of Humanness in Aggression Toward Conversational Agents. Journal of Management Information Systems 40 3 (July 2023) 883\u2013913. 10.1080\/07421222.2023.2229127","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2023.2229127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Juan Cao Kun Wang YuHui Shi YuQing Pan MoHan Lyu and Ying Ji. 2023. The associations between social support change and physical activity trajectory from late adolescence to young adulthood. BMC Public Health 23 1 (Aug. 2023) 1496. 10.1186\/s12889-023-16422-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16422-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ana\u00a0Paula Chaves and Marco\u00a0Aurelio Gerosa. 2021. How Should My Chatbot Interact? A Survey on Social Characteristics in Human\u2013Chatbot Interaction Design. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 37 8 (May 2021) 729\u2013758. 10.1080\/10447318.2020.1841438","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1841438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mauro Cherubini Gabriela Villalobos-Zu\u00f1iga Marc-Olivier Boldi and Riccardo Bonazzi. 2020. The Unexpected Downside of Paying or Sending Messages to People to Make Them Walk: Comparing Tangible Rewards and Motivational Messages to Improve Physical Activity. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 27 2 (March 2020). 10.1145\/3365665","DOI":"10.1145\/3365665"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098279.3098539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cora\u00a0L. Craig Alison\u00a0L. Marshall Michael Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m Adrian\u00a0E. Bauman Michael\u00a0L. Booth Barbara\u00a0E. Ainsworth Michael Pratt Ulf Ekelund Agneta Yngve James\u00a0F. Sallis and Pekka Oja. 2003. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-Country Reliability and Validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35 8 (Aug. 2003) 1381\u20131395. 10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julian De\u00a0Freitas and I.\u00a0Glenn Cohen. 2024. The health risks of generative AI-based wellness apps. Nature Medicine 30 5 (May 2024) 1269\u20131275. 10.1038\/s41591-024-02943-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02943-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Julian De\u00a0Freitas Ahmet\u00a0Kaan U\u011furalp Zeliha U\u011furalp and Stefano Puntoni. 2024. AI Companions Reduce Loneliness. Harvard Business Working Paper24-078 (June 2024). 10.2139\/ssrn.4893097","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4893097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2271-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Edward\u00a0L. Deci and Richard\u00a0M. Ryan. 2000. The \"What\" and \"Why\" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry 11 4 (Oct. 2000) 227\u2013268. 10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anqi Deng Nicole Zarrett Allison\u00a0M. Sweeney and Jongho Moon. 2023. The influence of social support social affiliation and intrinsic motivation for increasing underserved youth\u2019s physical activity: A social climate-based intervention study. Journal of Sports Sciences 41 6 (March 2023) 502\u2013511. 10.1080\/02640414.2023.2225020","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2023.2225020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Susan\u00a0C. Duncan Terry\u00a0E. Duncan and Lisa\u00a0A. Strycker. 2005. Sources and Types of Social Support in Youth Physical Activity. Health Psychology 24 1 (2005) 3\u201310. 10.1037\/0278-6133.24.1.3","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.24.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2896338.2896349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ying Feng Jie Meng and Jun-Hwa Cheah. 2025. From Virtual Trainers to Companions? Examining How Digital Agency Types Anthropomorphism and Support Shape Para-Social Relationships in Online Fitness. Psychology & Marketing 42 3 (2025) 842\u2013865. 10.1002\/mar.22154","DOI":"10.1002\/mar.22154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leon Festinger. 1954. A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations 7 2 (May 1954) 117\u2013140. 10.1177\/001872675400700202","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"David Gefen and Detmar\u00a0W. Straub. 2004. Consumer trust in B2C e-Commerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-Products and e-Services. Omega 32 6 (Dec. 2004) 407\u2013424. 10.1016\/j.omega.2004.01.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leivy\u00a0Patricia Gonzalez-Ramirez Jos\u00e9\u00a0Mar\u00eda De\u00a0La Roca-Chiapas Cecilia Colunga-Rodriguez Maria De\u00a0Lourdes Preciado-Serrano Adrian Daneri-Navarro Francisco\u00a0Javier Pedroza-Cabrera and Reyna\u00a0Jazmin Martinez-Arriaga. 2017. Validation of Health Behavior and Stages of Change Questionnaire. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy Volume 9 (March 2017) 199\u2013205. 10.2147\/BCTT.S129855","DOI":"10.2147\/BCTT.S129855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of Workshop on Personal Robots for Ex- ercising and Coaching at the HRI 2018 (HRI2018)","author":"Griffiths Sascha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sascha Griffiths, Tayfun Alpay, Alexander Sutherland, Matthias Kerzel, Manfred Eppe, Erik Strahl, and Stefan Wermter. 2018. Exercise with Social Robots: Companion or Coach?. In Proceedings of Workshop on Personal Robots for Ex- ercising and Coaching at the HRI 2018 (HRI2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-3803-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donald Horton and R. Richard\u00a0Wohl. 1956. Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance. Psychiatry 19 3 (Aug. 1956) 215\u2013229. 10.1080\/00332747.1956.11023049","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1956.11023049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adam\u00a0O. Horvath and Leslie\u00a0S. Greenberg. 1989. Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology 36 2 (1989) 223\u2013233. 10.1037\/0022-0167.36.2.223","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.36.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Kiran Ijaz Anton Bogdanovych and Simeon Simo\ufb00. 2011. Enhancing the Believability of Embodied Conversational Agents through Environment- Self- and Interaction-Awareness. Computer Science 113 (2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mira\u00a0El Kamali Leonardo Angelini Maurizio Caon Francesco Carrino Christina R\u00f6cke Sabrina Guye Giovanna Rizzo Alfonso Mastropietro Martin Sykora Suzanne Elayan Isabelle Kniestedt Canan Ziylan Emanuele Lettieri Omar\u00a0Abou Khaled and Elena Mugellini. 2020. Virtual Coaches for Older Adults\u2019 Wellbeing: A Systematic Review. IEEE Access 8 (2020) 101884\u2013101902. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2996404","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2996404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefanie\u00a0Helene Klein. 2025. The effects of human-like social cues on social responses towards text-based conversational agents\u2014a meta-analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12 1 (Aug. 2025) 1322. 10.1057\/s41599-025-05618-w","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-025-05618-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafal Kocielnik Lillian Xiao Daniel Avrahami and Gary Hsieh. 2018. Reflection Companion: A Conversational System for Engaging Users in Reflection on Physical Activity. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2 2 (July 2018) 70:1\u201370:26. 10.1145\/3214273","DOI":"10.1145\/3214273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yvonne Laird Samantha Fawkner Paul Kelly Lily McNamee and Ailsa Niven. 2016. The role of social support on physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 13 1 (Dec. 2016) 79. 10.1186\/s12966-016-0405-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0405-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han Li Renwen Zhang Yi-Chieh Lee Robert\u00a0E. Kraut and David\u00a0C. Mohr. 2023. Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental health and well-being. npj Digital Medicine 6 1 (Dec. 2023) 1\u201314. 10.1038\/s41746-023-00979-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00979-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gabrielle Lindsay\u00a0Smith Lauren Banting Rochelle Eime Grant O\u2019Sullivan and Jannique G.\u00a0Z. Van\u00a0Uffelen. 2017. The association between social support and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 14 1 (Dec. 2017) 56. 10.1186\/s12966-017-0509-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0509-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christine Lisetti Reza Amini Ugan Yasavur and Naphtali Rishe. 2013. I Can Help You Change! An Empathic Virtual Agent Delivers Behavior Change Health Interventions. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 4 4 (Dec. 2013) 19:1\u201319:28. 10.1145\/2544103","DOI":"10.1145\/2544103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tiffany\u00a0Christina Luo Adrian Aguilera Courtney\u00a0Rees Lyles and Caroline\u00a0Astrid Figueroa. 2021. Promoting Physical Activity Through Conversational Agents: Mixed Methods Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 9 (Sept. 2021) e25486. 10.2196\/25486","DOI":"10.2196\/25486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mary\u00a0L. McHugh. 2012. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica (2012) 276\u2013282. 10.11613\/BM.2012.031","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_48_2","unstructured":"Masahiro Mori. 1970. The Uncanny Valley. Energy 7 (1970) 33\u201335."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clifford Nass and Youngme Moon. 2000. Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers. Journal of Social Issues 56 1 (2000) 81\u2013103. 10.1111\/0022-4537.00153","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780197662359.003.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoo\u00a0Jung Oh Kai-Hui Liang Diane\u00a0Dagyong Kim Xuanming Zhang Zhou Yu Yoshimi Fukuoka and Jingwen Zhang. 2025. Enhancing physical activity through a relational artificial intelligence chatbot: A feasibility and usability study. DIGITAL HEALTH 11 (Jan. 2025) 20552076251324445. 10.1177\/20552076251324445","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251324445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3383652.3423915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_54_2","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Global status report on physical activity 2022","author":"Organization World\u00a0Health","year":"2022","unstructured":"World\u00a0Health Organization. 2022. Global status report on physical activity 2022. Technical Report. World Health Organization, World Health Organization. 132 pages. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/363607\/9789240059153-eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rita Orji and Karyn Moffatt. 2018. Persuasive technology for health and wellness: State-of-the-art and emerging trends. Health Informatics Journal 24 1 (March 2018) 66\u201391. 10.1177\/1460458216650979","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458216650979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zeliha O\u011fuz-U\u011furalp Ahmet\u00a0Kaan U\u011furalp Stefano Puntoni and Julian De\u00a0Freitas. 2025. Why Most Resist AI Companions. Harvard Business School Working Paper Harvard Business School Marketing Unit Working Paper25-030 (May 2025). 10.2139\/ssrn.5097445","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5097445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ana Paiva Iolanda Leite Hana Boukricha and Ipke Wachsmuth. 2017. Empathy in Virtual Agents and Robots: A Survey. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 7 3 (Sept. 2017) 1\u201340. 10.1145\/2912150","DOI":"10.1145\/2912150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amanda\u00a0E Paluch Shivangi Bajpai David\u00a0R Bassett Mercedes\u00a0R Carnethon Ulf Ekelund Kelly\u00a0R Evenson Deborah\u00a0A Galuska Barbara\u00a0J Jefferis William\u00a0E Kraus I-Min Lee Charles\u00a0E Matthews John\u00a0D Omura Alpa\u00a0V Patel Carl\u00a0F Pieper Erika Rees-Punia Dhayana Dallmeier Jochen Klenk Peter\u00a0H Whincup Erin\u00a0E Dooley Kelley Pettee\u00a0Gabriel Priya Palta Lisa\u00a0A Pompeii Ariel Chernofsky Martin\u00a0G Larson Ramachandran\u00a0S Vasan Nicole Spartano Marcel Ballin Peter Nordstr\u00f6m Anna Nordstr\u00f6m Sigmund\u00a0A Anderssen Bj\u00f8rge\u00a0H Hansen Jennifer\u00a0A Cochrane Terence Dwyer Jing Wang Luigi Ferrucci Fangyu Liu Jennifer Schrack Jacek Urbanek Pedro\u00a0F Saint-Maurice Naofumi Yamamoto Yutaka Yoshitake Robert\u00a0L Newton Shengping Yang Eric\u00a0J Shiroma and Janet\u00a0E Fulton. 2022. Daily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts. The Lancet Public Health 7 3 (March 2022) e219\u2013e228. 10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00302-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00302-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3573382.3616102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"James\u00a0O. Prochaska and Wayne\u00a0F. Velicer. 1997. The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change. American Journal of Health Promotion 12 1 (Sept. 1997) 38\u201348. 10.4278\/0890-1171-12.1.38","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-12.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amon Rapp and Arianna Boldi. 2023. Exploring the Lived Experience of Behavior Change Technologies: Towards an Existential Model of Behavior Change for HCI. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 30 6 (Dec. 2023) 1\u201350. 10.1145\/3603497","DOI":"10.1145\/3603497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amon Rapp Arianna Boldi Lorenzo Curti Alessandro Perrucci and Rossana Simeoni. 2024. How Do People Ascribe Humanness to Chatbots? An Analysis of Real-World Human-Agent Interactions and a Theoretical Model of Humanness. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 40 19 (Oct. 2024) 6027\u20136050. 10.1080\/10447318.2023.2247596","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2023.2247596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amon Rapp and Federica Cena. 2016. Personal informatics for everyday life: How users without prior self-tracking experience engage with personal data. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 94 (Oct. 2016) 1\u201317. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2016.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2016.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amon Rapp Lorenzo Curti and Arianna Boldi. 2021. The human side of human-chatbot interaction: A systematic literature review of ten years of research on text-based chatbots. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 151 (July 2021) 102630. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2021.102630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2021.102630"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amon Rapp Chiara Di\u00a0Lodovico and Luigi Di\u00a0Caro. 2025. How do people react to ChatGPT\u2019s unpredictable behavior? Anthropomorphism uncanniness and fear of AI: A qualitative study on individuals\u2019 perceptions and understandings of LLMs\u2019 nonsensical hallucinations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 198 (April 2025) 103471. 10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2025.103471"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xipei Ren Bin Yu Yuan Lu and Aarnout Brombacher. 2018. Exploring Cooperative Fitness Tracking to Encourage Physical Activity among Office Workers. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2 CSCW (Nov. 2018) 146:1\u2013146:20. 10.1145\/3274415","DOI":"10.1145\/3274415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/978.14625\/28806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0M. Ryan and Edward\u00a0L. Deci. 2020. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions theory practices and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology 61 (April 2020) 101860. 10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sana Salman Deborah Richards and Mark Dras. 2023. Identifying Which Relational Cues Users Find Helpful to Allow Tailoring of e-Coach Dialogues. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 7 10 (Oct. 2023) 93. 10.3390\/mti7100093","DOI":"10.3390\/mti7100093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sonali Sarkar Wendell\u00a0C. Taylor Dejian Lai Ross Shegog and Raheem\u00a0J. Paxton. 2016. Social support for physical activity: Comparison of family friends and coworkers. Work 55 4 (Dec. 2016) 893\u2013899. 10.3233\/WOR-162459","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tanya Maria\u00a0Filomena Scarapicchia Steve Amireault Guy Faulkner and Catherine\u00a0Michelle Sabiston. 2017. Social support and physical activity participation among healthy adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 10 1 (Jan. 2017) 50\u201383. 10.1080\/1750984X.2016.1183222","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2016.1183222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Philipp Schoenegger Francesco Salvi Jiacheng Liu Xiaoli Nan Ramit Debnath Barbara Fasolo Evelina Leivada Gabriel Recchia Fritz G\u00fcnther Ali Zarifhonarvar Joe Kwon Zahoor\u00a0Ul Islam Marco Dehnert Daryl Y.\u00a0H. Lee Madeline\u00a0G. Reinecke David\u00a0G. Kamper Mert Koba\u015f Adam Sandford Jonas Kgomo Luke Hewitt Shreya Kapoor Kerem Oktar Eyup\u00a0Engin Kucuk Bo Feng Cameron\u00a0R. Jones Izzy Gainsburg Sebastian Olschewski Nora Heinzelmann Francisco Cruz Ben\u00a0M. Tappin Tao Ma Peter\u00a0S. Park Rayan Onyonka Arthur Hjorth Peter Slattery Qingcheng Zeng Lennart Finke Igor Grossmann Alessandro Salatiello and Ezra Karger. 2025. Large Language Models Are More Persuasive Than Incentivized Human Persuaders. 10.48550\/arXiv.2505.09662","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2505.09662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mrinank Sharma Meg Tong Tomasz Korbak David Duvenaud Amanda Askell Samuel\u00a0R Bowman Newton Cheng Esin Durmus Zac Hatfield-Dodds Scott\u00a0R Johnston Shauna Kravec Timothy Maxwell Sam McCandlish Kamal Ndousse Oliver Rausch Nicholas Schiefer Da Yan Miranda Zhang and Ethan Perez. 2024. Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Models. (2024). 10.48550\/arXiv.2310.13548","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2310.13548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daragh Sheridan Pete Coffee and David Lavallee. 2014. A systematic review of social support in youth sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 7 1 (Jan. 2014) 198\u2013228. 10.1080\/1750984X.2014.931999","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2014.931999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alessandro Silacci Maurizio Caon and Mauro Cherubini. 2025. When motivation can be more than a message: designing agents to boost physical activity. 10.48550\/arXiv.2508.12388","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2508.12388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alessandro Silacci Mauro Cherubini and Maurizio Caon. 2025. Navigating the design of simulated exercising peers: insights from a participatory design study. Frontiers in Digital Health 7 - 2025 (2025). 10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1551966","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1551966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marie\u00a0A. Sillice Patricia\u00a0J. Morokoff Ginette Ferszt Timothy Bickmore Beth\u00a0C. Bock Ryan Lantini and Wayne\u00a0F. Velicer. 2018. Using Relational Agents to Promote Exercise and Sun Protection: Assessment of Participants\u2019 Experiences With Two Interventions. Journal of Medical Internet Research 20 2 (Feb. 2018) e7640. 10.2196\/jmir.7640","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7640"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pierre Van\u00a0Luchene and C\u00e9cile Delens. 2021. The Influence of Social Support Specific to Physical Activity on Physical Activity Among College and University Students: A Systematic Review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18 6 (June 2021) 737\u2013747. 10.1123\/jpah.2020-0713","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2020-0713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alice Watson Timothy Bickmore Abby Cange Ambar Kulshreshtha and Joseph Kvedar. 2012. An Internet-Based Virtual Coach to Promote Physical Activity Adherence in Overweight Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 14 1 (Jan. 2012) e1629. 10.2196\/jmir.1629","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_85_2","volume-title":"Global health risks : mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks","author":"Organization World Health","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2009. Global health risks : mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Technical Report. World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/44203 ISBN: 9789244563878."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yidan Yin Nan Jia and Cheryl\u00a0J. Wakslak. 2024. AI can help people feel heard but an AI label diminishes this impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 14 (April 2024) e2319112121. 10.1073\/pnas.2319112121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2319112121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jingwen Zhang Yoo\u00a0Jung Oh Patrick Lange Zhou Yu and Yoshimi Fukuoka. 2020. Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Behavior Change Model for Designing Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthy Diet: Viewpoint. Journal of Medical Internet Research 22 9 (Sept. 2020) e22845. 10.2196\/22845","DOI":"10.2196\/22845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yunqi Zhang Menghao Ren and Shengqi Zou. 2022. Effect of Physical Exercise on College Students\u2019 Life Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Competence and Relatedness Needs. Frontiers in Psychology 13 (July 2022) 930253. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.930253","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.930253"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:58:42Z","timestamp":1776250722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790303","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790303","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}