{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:57:51Z","timestamp":1776931071082,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":132,"publisher":"ACM","funder":[{"name":"Google","award":["A-8002984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-8002984"]}]},{"name":"NUS NAII","award":["A-8003879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-8003879"]}]},{"name":"The special project of National Dong Hwa University","award":["115T2951-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115T2951-10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3772318.3790317","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T09:47:11Z","timestamp":1776073631000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fit Matters: Format\u2013Distance Alignment Improves Conversational Search"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7530-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yitian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7357-0436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yugin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2745-5999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Tai","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hua-Shih College of Education, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2477-4110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5484-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Chieh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Josh Achiam Steven Adler Sandhini Agarwal Lama Ahmad Ilge Akkaya Florencia\u00a0Leoni Aleman Diogo Almeida Janko Altenschmidt Sam Altman Shyamal Anadkat et\u00a0al. 2023. Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/2303.08774 (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fulya Acikgoz Abdelsalam Busalim James Gaskin and Shahla Asadi. 2024. An integrated model for information adoption&trust in mobile social commerce. Journal of Computer Information Systems 64 6 (2024) 797\u2013819.","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2023.2251449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarek Ait\u00a0Baha Mohamed El\u00a0Hajji Youssef Es-Saady and Hammou Fadili. 2023. The power of personalization: A systematic review of personality-adaptive chatbots. SN Computer Science 4 5 (2023) 661.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-023-02092-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adam\u00a0L Alter and Daniel\u00a0M Oppenheimer. 2009. Uniting the tribes of fluency to form a metacognitive nation. Personality and social psychology review 13 3 (2009) 219\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868309341564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elinor Amit Daniel Algom and Yaacov Trope. 2009. Distance-dependent processing of pictures and words.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 138 3 (2009) 400.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elinor Amit and Joshua\u00a0D Greene. 2012. You see the ends don\u2019t justify the means: Visual imagery and moral judgment. Psychological science 23 8 (2012) 861\u2013868.","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611434965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alyssa Appelman and S\u00a0Shyam Sundar. 2016. Measuring message credibility: Construction and validation of an exclusive scale. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 93 1 (2016) 59\u201379.","DOI":"10.1177\/1077699015606057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Theo Araujo. 2018. Living up to the chatbot hype: The influence of anthropomorphic design cues and communicative agency framing on conversational agent and company perceptions. Computers in human behavior 85 (2018) 183\u2013189.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Ayres and John Sweller. 2005. The split-attention principle in multimedia learning. The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning 2 (2005) 135\u2013146.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816819.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoav Bar-Anan Nira Liberman Yaacov Trope and Daniel Algom. 2007. Automatic processing of psychological distance: evidence from a Stroop task.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 136 4 (2007) 610.","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.136.4.610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence\u00a0W Barsalou. 2008. Grounded cognition. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 59 1 (2008) 617\u2013645.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoav Benjamini and Yosef Hochberg. 1995. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal statistical society: series B (Methodological) 57 1 (1995) 289\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anol Bhattacherjee and Clive Sanford. 2006. Influence processes for information technology acceptance: An elaboration likelihood model. MIS quarterly (2006) 805\u2013825.","DOI":"10.2307\/25148755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Elizabeth\u00a0L Bjork Robert\u00a0A Bjork et\u00a0al. 2011. Making things hard on yourself but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning. Psychology and the real world: Essays illustrating fundamental contributions to society 2 59-68 (2011) 56\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veronika Brandst\u00e4tter Angelika Lengfelder and Peter\u00a0M Gollwitzer. 2001. Implementation intentions and efficient action initiation.Journal of personality and social psychology 81 5 (2001) 946.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.5.946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"Tom Brown Benjamin Mann Nick Ryder Melanie Subbiah Jared\u00a0D Kaplan Prafulla Dhariwal Arvind Neelakantan Pranav Shyam Girish Sastry Amanda Askell et\u00a0al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems 33 (2020) 1877\u20131901."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roger Buehler and Dale Griffin. 2003. Planning personality and prediction: The role of future focus in optimistic time predictions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 92 1-2 (2003) 80\u201390.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-5978(03)00089-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirsten\u00a0R Butcher. 2006. Learning from text with diagrams: Promoting mental model development and inference generation.Journal of educational psychology 98 1 (2006) 182.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.98.1.182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Chandler and John Sweller. 1991. Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and instruction 8 4 (1991) 293\u2013332.","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci0804_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3375033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christy\u00a0MK Cheung Matthew\u00a0KO Lee and Neil Rabjohn. 2008. The impact of electronic word-of-mouth: The adoption of online opinions in online customer communities. Internet research 18 3 (2008) 229\u2013247.","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240810883290"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0573-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soojin Choi Xinran\u00a0Y Lehto Alastair\u00a0M Morrison and SooCheong Jang. 2012. Structure of travel planning processes and information use patterns. Journal of travel research 51 1 (2012) 26\u201340.","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287510394191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yung\u00a0Kyun Choi Sukki Yoon Kacy Kim and Yeonshin Kim. 2019. Text versus pictures in advertising: effects of psychological distance and product type. International Journal of Advertising 38 4 (2019) 528\u2013543.","DOI":"10.1080\/02650487.2019.1607649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"Herbert\u00a0H Clark and Susan\u00a0E Brennan. 1991. Grounding in communication. (1991)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James\u00a0M Clark and Allan Paivio. 1991. Dual coding theory and education. Educational psychology review 3 3 (1991) 149\u2013210.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"William\u00a0S Cleveland and Robert McGill. 1984. Graphical perception: Theory experimentation and application to the development of graphical methods. Journal of the American statistical association 79 387 (1984) 531\u2013554.","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10478080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406522.3446030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fred\u00a0D Davis. 1989. Perceived usefulness perceived ease of use and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly (1989) 319\u2013340.","DOI":"10.2307\/249008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fred\u00a0D Davis Richard\u00a0P Bagozzi and Paul\u00a0R Warshaw. 1992. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1. Journal of applied social psychology 22 14 (1992) 1111\u20131132.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ton De\u00a0Jong. 2010. Cognitive load theory educational research and instructional design: Some food for thought. Instructional science 38 2 (2010) 105\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-009-9110-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedict\u00a0GC Dellaert Dick\u00a0F Ettema and Christer Lindh. 1998. Multi-faceted tourist travel decisions: a constraint-based conceptual framework to describe tourists\u2019 sequential choices of travel components. Tourism Management 19 4 (1998) 313\u2013320.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5177(98)00037-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin\u00a0J Eppler and Jeanne Mengis. 2004. The concept of information overload: A review of literature from organization science accounting marketing MIS and related disciplines. The information society 20 5 (2004) 325\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240490507974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail Erkan and Chris Evans. 2016. The influence of eWOM in social media on consumers\u2019 purchase intentions: An extended approach to information adoption. Computers in human behavior 61 (2016) 47\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mauricio\u00a0S Featherman and Paul\u00a0A Pavlou. 2003. Predicting e-services adoption: a perceived risk facets perspective. International journal of human-computer studies 59 4 (2003) 451\u2013474.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(03)00111-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jens F\u00f6rster E\u00a0Tory Higgins and Amy\u00a0Taylor Bianco. 2003. Speed\/accuracy decisions in task performance: Built-in trade-off or separate strategic concerns?Organizational behavior and human decision processes 90 1 (2003) 148\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-5978(02)00509-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.63317\/3xb58kdzgjja"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kentaro Fujita Yaacov Trope Nira Liberman and Maya Levin-Sagi. 2006. Construal levels and self-control.Journal of personality and social psychology 90 3 (2006) 351.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.3.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"David Gefen and Detmar\u00a0W Straub. 2000. The relative importance of perceived ease of use in IS adoption: A study of e-commerce adoption. Journal of the association for Information Systems 1 1 (2000) 8.","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004368811_003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_48_2","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems","author":"Hearst Marti\u00a0A","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marti\u00a0A Hearst. 1995. Tilebars: Visualization of term distribution information in full text information access. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. 59\u201366."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E\u00a0Tory Higgins. 1997. Beyond pleasure and pain.American psychologist 52 12 (1997) 1280.","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.12.1280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter\u00a0S Houts Cecilia\u00a0C Doak Leonard\u00a0G Doak and Matthew\u00a0J Loscalzo. 2006. The role of pictures in improving health communication: a review of research on attention comprehension recall and adherence. Patient education and counseling 61 2 (2006) 173\u2013190.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3563657.3596059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lorraine\u00a0Chen Idson Nira Liberman and E\u00a0Tory Higgins. 2000. Distinguishing gains from nonlosses and losses from nongains: A regulatory focus perspective on hedonic intensity. Journal of experimental social psychology 36 3 (2000) 252\u2013274.","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1999.1402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445923"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuwei Jiang and Jiewen Hong. 2014. It feels fluent but not right: The interactive effect of expected and experienced processing fluency on evaluative judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 54 (2014) 147\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203052563"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slava Kalyuga. 2011. Cognitive load theory: How many types of load does it really need?Educational psychology review 23 1 (2011) 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9150-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kevin\u00a0Lane Keller and Richard Staelin. 1987. Effects of quality and quantity of information on decision effectiveness. Journal of consumer research 14 2 (1987) 200\u2013213.","DOI":"10.1086\/209106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul\u00a0A Kirschner. 2002. Cognitive load theory: Implications of cognitive load theory on the design of learning. 10\u00a0pages.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(01)00014-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmet\u00a0Baki Kocaballi Shlomo Berkovsky Juan\u00a0C Quiroz Liliana Laranjo Huong\u00a0Ly Tong Dana Rezazadegan Agustina Briatore and Enrico Coiera. 2019. The personalization of conversational agents in health care: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research 21 11 (2019) e15360.","DOI":"10.2196\/15360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jing\u00a0Yu Koh Daniel Fried and Russ\u00a0R Salakhutdinov. 2023. Generating images with multimodal language models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (2023) 21487\u201321506.","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-0939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anita K\u00f6rner and Sabine Volk. 2014. Concrete and abstract ways to deontology: Cognitive capacity moderates construal level effects on moral judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 55 (2014) 139\u2013145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_62_2","volume-title":"Image and brain: The resolution of the imagery debate","author":"Kosslyn Stephen\u00a0M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stephen\u00a0M Kosslyn. 1996. Image and brain: The resolution of the imagery debate. MIT press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maria Kozhevnikov. 2007. Cognitive styles in the context of modern psychology: toward an integrated framework of cognitive style.Psychological bulletin 133 3 (2007) 464.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.3.464"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arie\u00a0W Kruglanski and Donna\u00a0M Webster. 1996. Motivated closing of the mind:\" Seizing\" and\" freezing.\". Psychological review 103 2 (1996) 263.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.2.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11766155_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jill\u00a0H Larkin and Herbert\u00a0A Simon. 1987. Why a diagram is (sometimes) worth ten thousand words. Cognitive science 11 1 (1987) 65\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6708.1987.tb00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angela\u00a0Y Lee and Jennifer\u00a0L Aaker. 2004. Bringing the frame into focus: the influence of regulatory fit on processing fluency and persuasion.Journal of personality and social psychology 86 2 (2004) 205.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_68_2","unstructured":"Jiwei Li Michel Galley Chris Brockett Georgios\u00a0P Spithourakis Jianfeng Gao and Bill Dolan. 2016. A persona-based neural conversation model. arXiv preprint arXiv:https:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1603.06155 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nira Liberman Michael\u00a0D Sagristano and Yaacov Trope. 2002. The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal. Journal of experimental social psychology 38 6 (2002) 523\u2013534.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1031(02)00535-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope. 1998. The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory.Journal of personality and social psychology 75 1 (1998) 5.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope. 2014. Traversing psychological distance. Trends in cognitive sciences 18 7 (2014) 364\u2013369.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nira Liberman Yaacov Trope and Cheryl Wakslak. 2007. Construal level theory and consumer behavior. Journal of consumer psychology 17 2 (2007) 113\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1057-7408(07)70017-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3404835.3462828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sam\u00a0J Maglio Yaacov Trope and Nira Liberman. 2013. Distance from a distance: psychological distance reduces sensitivity to any further psychological distance.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142 3 (2013) 644.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gary Marchionini. 2006. Exploratory search: from finding to understanding. Commun. ACM 49 4 (2006) 41\u201346.","DOI":"10.1145\/1121949.1121979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139164603.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_77_2","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Psychology of learning and motivation","author":"Mayer Richard\u00a0E","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0E Mayer. 2002. Multimedia learning. In Psychology of learning and motivation. Vol.\u00a041. Elsevier, 85\u2013139."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Don\u00a0A Moore and Paul\u00a0J Healy. 2008. The trouble with overconfidence.Psychological review 115 2 (2008) 502.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.115.2.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_80_2","volume-title":"The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... and","author":"Nisbett Richard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richard Nisbett. 2010. The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... and. Simon and Schuster."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiri Nussbaum Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope. 2006. Predicting the near and distant future.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 135 2 (2006) 152.","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.135.2.152"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annette\u00a0M O\u2019Connor. 1995. Validation of a decisional conflict scale. Medical decision making 15 1 (1995) 25\u201330.","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9501500105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203764770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allan Paivio. 1991. Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status.Canadian Journal of Psychology\/Revue canadienne de psychologie 45 3 (1991) 255.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_86_2","unstructured":"James\u00a0W Pennebaker Ryan\u00a0L Boyd Kayla Jordan and Kate Blackburn. 2015. The development and psychometric properties of LIWC2015. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginger\u00a0L Pennington and Neal\u00a0J Roese. 2003. Regulatory focus and temporal distance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39 6 (2003) 563\u2013576.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1031(03)00058-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2008.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3020165.3020183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keith Rayner. 1998. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research.Psychological bulletin 124 3 (1998) 372.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.3.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolf Reber Norbert Schwarz and Piotr Winkielman. 2004. Processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure: Is beauty in the perceiver\u2019s processing experience?Personality and social psychology review 8 4 (2004) 364\u2013382.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0804_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcnter\u00a0Daniel Rey. 2012. A review of research and a meta-analysis of the seductive detail effect. Educational Research Review 7 3 (2012) 216\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2012.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564376.564421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfgang Schnotz. 2005. An integrated model of text and picture comprehension. The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning 49 2005 (2005) 69.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511816819.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfgang Schnotz and Maria Bannert. 2003. Construction and interference in learning from multiple representation. Learning and instruction 13 2 (2003) 141\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(02)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfgang Schnotz and Christian K\u00fcrschner. 2007. A reconsideration of cognitive load theory. Educational psychology review 19 4 (2007) 469\u2013508.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-007-9053-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norbert Schwarz. 2004. Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making. Journal of consumer psychology 14 4 (2004) 332\u2013348.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327663jcp1404_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norbert Schwarz. 2012. Feelings-as-information theory. Handbook of theories of social psychology 1 (2012) 289\u2013308.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446249215.n15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norbert Schwarz Madeline Jalbert Tom Noah and Lynn Zhang. 2021. Metacognitive experiences as information: Processing fluency in consumer judgment and decision making. Consumer Psychology Review 4 1 (2021) 4\u201325.","DOI":"10.1002\/arcp.1067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627508.3638300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-155860915-0\/50046-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janet\u00a0A Sniezek. 1992. Groups under uncertainty: An examination of confidence in group decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 52 1 (1992) 124\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(92)90048-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Courtney\u00a0K Soderberg Shannon\u00a0P Callahan Annie\u00a0O Kochersberger Elinor Amit and Alison Ledgerwood. 2015. The effects of psychological distance on abstraction: Two meta-analyses.Psychological bulletin 141 3 (2015) 525.","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jefferson\u00a0Dobner Sordi Joana Tomazelli Claudio\u00a0Hofmann Sampaio and L\u00e9lis\u00a0Balestrin Espartel. 2022. Construal level theory and consumer behavior: A decade of studies and new research possibilities. REMark 21 3 (2022) 1060.","DOI":"10.5585\/remark.v21i3.16694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elena Stephan Nira Liberman and Yaacov Trope. 2010. Politeness and psychological distance: a construal level perspective.Journal of personality and social psychology 98 2 (2010) 268.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NarayanKripa Sundararajan and Olusola Adesope. 2020. Keep it coherent: A meta-analysis of the seductive details effect. Educational Psychology Review 32 3 (2020) 707\u2013734.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09522-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stephanie\u00a0Watts Sussman and Wendy\u00a0Schneier Siegal. 2003. Informational influence in organizations: An integrated approach to knowledge adoption. Information systems research 14 1 (2003) 47\u201365.","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.14.1.47.14767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_108_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Psychology of learning and motivation","author":"Sweller John","year":"2011","unstructured":"John Sweller. 2011. Cognitive load theory. In Psychology of learning and motivation. Vol.\u00a055. Elsevier, 37\u201376."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eran Toch Yang Wang and Lorrie\u00a0Faith Cranor. 2012. Personalization and privacy: a survey of privacy risks and remedies in personalization-based systems. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 22 1 (2012) 203\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-011-9110-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3176349.3176387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaacov Trope and Nira Liberman. 2003. Temporal construal.Psychological review 110 3 (2003) 403.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.110.3.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaacov Trope and Nira Liberman. 2010. Construal-level theory of psychological distance.Psychological review 117 2 (2010) 440.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaacov Trope Nira Liberman and Cheryl Wakslak. 2007. Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation prediction evaluation and behavior. Journal of consumer psychology 17 2 (2007) 83\u201395.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1057-7408(07)70013-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shun-Yao Tseng and Ching-Nan Wang. 2016. Perceived risk influence on dual-route information adoption processes on travel websites. Journal of Business research 69 6 (2016) 2289\u20132296.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15712-8_35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hans Van\u00a0der Heijden. 2004. User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS quarterly (2004) 695\u2013704.","DOI":"10.2307\/25148660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viswanath Venkatesh and Fred\u00a0D Davis. 2000. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management science 46 2 (2000) 186\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.46.2.186.11926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tibert Verhagen Jaap Van\u00a0Nes Frans Feldberg and Willemijn Van\u00a0Dolen. 2014. Virtual customer service agents: Using social presence and personalization to shape online service encounters. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 19 3 (2014) 529\u2013545.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iris Vessey. 1991. Cognitive fit: A theory-based analysis of the graphs versus tables literature. Decision sciences 22 2 (1991) 219\u2013240.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1991.tb00344.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3627508.3638344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donna\u00a0M Webster and Arie\u00a0W Kruglanski. 1994. Individual differences in need for cognitive closure.Journal of personality and social psychology 67 6 (1994) 1049.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.6.1049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshua Weidlich Jane Yau and Karel Kreijns. 2024. Social presence and psychological distance: A construal level account for online distance learning. Education and Information Technologies 29 1 (2024) 401\u2013423.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12289-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piotr Winkielman and John\u00a0T Cacioppo. 2001. Mind at ease puts a smile on the face: psychophysiological evidence that processing facilitation elicits positive affect.Journal of personality and social psychology 81 6 (2001) 989.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.6.989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_126_2","unstructured":"Piotr Winkielman Norbert Schwarz Tetra Fazendeiro Rolf Reber et\u00a0al. 2003. The hedonic marking of processing fluency: Implications for evaluative judgment. The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion 189 (2003) 217."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charley\u00a0M Wu Eric Schulz Timothy\u00a0J Pleskac and Maarten Speekenbrink. 2022. Time pressure changes how people explore and respond to uncertainty. Scientific reports 12 1 (2022) 4122.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07901-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData59044.2023.10386743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3713770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamed Zamani Johanne\u00a0R Trippas Jeff Dalton Filip Radlinski et\u00a0al. 2023. Conversational information seeking. Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval 17 3-4 (2023) 244\u2013456.","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3271776"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolf\u00a0A Zwaan. 2004. The immersed experiencer: Toward an embodied theory of language comprehension. Psychology of learning and motivation 44 (2004) 35\u201362.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(03)44002-4"}],"event":{"name":"CHI 2026: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Barcelona Spain","acronym":"CHI '26","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3772318.3790317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T10:38:54Z","timestamp":1776249534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3772318.3790317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":132,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3772318.3790317","10.1145\/3772318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3772318.3790317","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}